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Article ; Online: Creating Implicit Measure Stimulus Sets Using a Multi-Step Piloting Method.

Phipps, Daniel J / Hamilton, Kyra

Methods and protocols

2023 Volume 6, Issue 3

Abstract: The effect of arbitrary stimulus selection is a persistent concern when employing implicit measures. The current study tests a data-driven multi-step procedure to create stimulus items using a combination of free-recall and survey data. Six sets of ... ...

Abstract	The effect of arbitrary stimulus selection is a persistent concern when employing implicit measures. The current study tests a data-driven multi-step procedure to create stimulus items using a combination of free-recall and survey data. Six sets of stimulus items were created, representing healthy food and high sugar items in children, adolescents, and adults. Selected items were highly representative of the target concepts, in frequent use, and of near equal length. Tests of the piloted items in two samples showed slightly higher implicit measure-behavior relations compared to a previously used measure, providing preliminary support for the value in empirically based stimulus selection. Further, the items reported as being the most associated with their target concepts differed notably from what one may expect from the guidelines or population consumption patterns, highlighting the importance of informed stimulus selection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2409-9279
ISSN (online)	2409-9279
DOI	10.3390/mps6030047
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Article: Can the Cans: Determinants of Container Deposit Behavior before and after Introduction of a Container Refund Scheme.

Phipps, Daniel J / Brown, Daniel J / Hagger, Martin S / Hamilton, Kyra

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: Objective: Container deposit schemes are often hailed as a useful avenue to increase consumer recycling rates. Yet, there is little research investigating within-person changes in people's beliefs and behavior following the implementation of these ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Container deposit schemes are often hailed as a useful avenue to increase consumer recycling rates. Yet, there is little research investigating within-person changes in people's beliefs and behavior following the implementation of these schemes, or tests of the mechanisms by which such change has occurred. Methods: The current study fills this knowledge gap and assessed container recycling behavior and habits as well as the social cognition factors of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions in a sample of 90 Queenslanders before the implementation of the container deposit scheme and one and three months post-implementation. Results: Analysis of variance indicated more frequent recycling behavior following the implementation of the scheme, as well as stronger habits, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Conclusions: Such a concomitant change in behavior, beliefs, and habits provides support for behavior change theory, while also flagging potential targets for strategies that can be paired with container deposit schemes to enhance their efficacy and uptake.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651997-5
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs14020112
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Article: Identifying key beliefs underlying QR code check-in and compliance behaviours in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mac, Thi Nhung / Phipps, Daniel J / Parkinson, Joy / Hamilton, Kyra

Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals

2024

Abstract: Issue addressed: The implementation of quick response (QR) code check-in compliance behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic featured in infection control strategies in several global jurisdictions, but was of particular interest in the Australian context, ...

Abstract	Issue addressed: The implementation of quick response (QR) code check-in compliance behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic featured in infection control strategies in several global jurisdictions, but was of particular interest in the Australian context, where it became mandated on a nationwide scale. We aimed to identify the salient beliefs people hold toward complying with the QR code check-in using a Theory of Planned Behaviour belief-based framework. Methods: An elicitation study using open-ended questions (Queensland; N = 93, M Results: Qualitative data were coded through an iterative content analysis, while quantitative data were analysed using linear multiple regression. Behavioural, normative and control beliefs were associated with intention and behaviour in both samples. Variation in beliefs across the states also were observed. Conclusions: Across both samples, beliefs in positive outcomes consistently exhibited stronger associations with both intention and behaviour than the reported negative outcomes. Distinct differences emerged between the two samples in terms of regression effects. SO WHAT?: Results indicate individual experience may affect the beliefs which guide behaviour, supporting the potential efficacy of health promotion campaigns tapping into context specific beliefs and experiences if QR code check-in is to be implemented as an infection control measure in future.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-15
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2250864-8
ISSN	2201-1617 ; 1036-1073
ISSN (online)	2201-1617
ISSN	1036-1073
DOI	10.1002/hpja.868
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Article ; Online: Predicting sugar intake using an extended theory of planned behavior in a sample of adolescents: The role of habit and self-control.

Phipps, Daniel J / Hagger, Martin S / Hamilton, Kyra

Brain and behavior

2023 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) e3200

Abstract: Introduction: High levels of sugar intake are associated with multiple maladaptive health outcomes in adult and younger populations. Identifying the psychological determinants of sugar intake in adolescents, and the processes involved, may help identify ...

Abstract	Introduction: High levels of sugar intake are associated with multiple maladaptive health outcomes in adult and younger populations. Identifying the psychological determinants of sugar intake in adolescents, and the processes involved, may help identify potentially modifiable targets and inform intervention development. We tested the predictions of an extended theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which specified social cognition constructs, habit, and self-control as correlates of sugar intake in an adolescent sample. Methods: Adolescents aged 12 to 14 years (N = 88) recruited via a survey panel company and consenting to participate in the study completed online self-report measures of constructs from the TPB alongside measures of habit and self-control. One month later, participants completed a follow-up measure of free-sugar intake. Hypothesized effects of our proposed extended model were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: We found statistically significant effects of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on sugar intake intentions. We also found significant effects of habit and self-control on sugar intake measured at follow-up, but no effect for intention. Perceived behavioral control moderated the intention-behavior relationship such that intention effects on behavior were larger when perceived behavioral control was high. However, self-control did not moderate the intention-behavior relationship. Conclusion: Results indicate that sugar intake in this sample was a function of habits and self-control, and the effect of sugar intake intentions was conditional on perceived behavioral control. Results contribute to an evidence base of determinants and associated processes that relate to sugar intake in adolescents and may signal potentially modifiable targets for intervention.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2623587-0
ISSN	2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
ISSN (online)	2162-3279
ISSN	2162-3279
DOI	10.1002/brb3.3200
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Article ; Online: Testing the moderative role of automatic-reflective affect divergence in predicting physical activity.

Browning, Nicholas G / Phipps, Daniel J / Rhodes, Ryan E / Hamilton, Kyra

Psychology of sport and exercise

2023 Volume 71, Page(s) 102538

Abstract: Dual process theories postulate that behaviour is the product of two distinct cognitive systems, the automatic and reflective, and that congruence/divergence between the two types of cognitions can influence the predictive strength of either system on ... ...

Abstract	Dual process theories postulate that behaviour is the product of two distinct cognitive systems, the automatic and reflective, and that congruence/divergence between the two types of cognitions can influence the predictive strength of either system on behaviour. However, the congruence/divergence hypothesis has yet to experience strong empirical support. The aim of this study was to test a novel dual process model to determine the moderating effect of affect divergence on the relationship between automatic affective evaluations-affective judgements, and physical activity. A sample of 315 university students recruited from an undergraduate research pool completed the Affective Misattribution Procedure and Affective Exercise Experiences Questionnaire, followed by a measure of physical activity behaviour one week later. A path analysis revealed a significant moderation effect such that the predictive strength of affective judgements was stronger when participants' automatic affective evaluations and affective judgements were congruent. Findings support current dual process theory and contributes to calls for more interventions, such as evaluative conditioning that target automatic processes alongside consciously held beliefs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Exercise/psychology ; Cognition ; Judgment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Motor Activity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1878-5476
ISSN (online)	1878-5476
DOI	10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102538
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Article ; Online: A cross-lagged model of habits, implicit attitudes, autonomous motivation, and physical activity during COVID-19.

Phipps, Daniel J / Hannan, Thomas / Hamilton, Kyra

Psychology, health & medicine

2022 Volume 28, Issue 10, Page(s) 2813–2824

Abstract: Although the relationship between autonomous motivation and impulsive processes has been acknowledged in the context of physical activity, the directionality of this relationship is not clearly understood. The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique ... ...

Abstract	Although the relationship between autonomous motivation and impulsive processes has been acknowledged in the context of physical activity, the directionality of this relationship is not clearly understood. The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to investigate such relationships due to the fact that contextual changes brought about by government restrictions (e.g., stay at home orders, indoor gymnasium closures) may have influenced people's physical activity habits and motivation. The purpose of this study was to therefore investigate the bi-directional relationships between physical activity and previously established correlates: autonomous motivation, implicit attitudes, and habit. A sample of university students completed measures that assessed autonomous motivation, implicit attitude, habit and behaviors towards meeting physical activity guidelines each week during the coronavirus period at two time points, two weeks apart in a cross-lagged panel design. Path analysis found a significant reciprocal relationship between habits and autonomous motivation. There were no significant reciprocal relationships between autonomous motivation and implicit attitude, or with any study constructs and behavior. Current findings provide important preliminary formative evidence of associations between autonomous motivation and impulsive behavioral correlates, indicating a bi-directional relationship between autonomous motivation and physical activity habits.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Motivation ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Exercise ; Habits
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1477841-5
ISSN	1465-3966 ; 1354-8506
ISSN (online)	1465-3966
ISSN	1354-8506
DOI	10.1080/13548506.2022.2151634
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Article ; Online: Evidence That Habit Moderates the Implicit Belief-Behavior Relationship in Health Behaviors.

Phipps, Daniel J / Hagger, Martin S / Hamilton, Kyra

International journal of behavioral medicine

2021 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 116–121

Abstract: Background: Theory suggests that implicit beliefs are more likely to be associated with spontaneous, impulsive health behaviors (e.g., smoking, snacking), while controlled, consciously accessible beliefs are more likely to be associated with behaviors ... ...

Abstract	Background: Theory suggests that implicit beliefs are more likely to be associated with spontaneous, impulsive health behaviors (e.g., smoking, snacking), while controlled, consciously accessible beliefs are more likely to be associated with behaviors that require deliberation and reasoned decision-making (e.g., physical activity, healthy food selection). Consistent with these predictions, we proposed that as behaviors become habitual, they require less deliberation to enact and are thus more likely to be controlled by non-conscious processes, as indicated by stronger associations with implicit beliefs. The present study tested the moderating effect of habit on the effects of implicit beliefs on two health behaviors. Method: Two samples of university students completed measures of attitude, habit, and implicit beliefs for free-sugar intake (sample 1) and heavy episodic drinking (sample 2) at an initial time point, with follow-up behavioral measures taken at 2 and 4 weeks later, respectively. Results: Path analyses indicated that attitude and habit predicted behavior in both samples, and habit moderated the implicit belief-behavior relationship in both samples. The effect of implicit beliefs on behavior was larger among participants reporting strong habits. Implicit beliefs did not moderate the effect of explicit attitudes on behavior. Conclusion: Findings provide preliminary evidence that experiencing health behaviors as habitual is associated with a stronger implicit beliefs-health behavior relationship.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude ; Exercise ; Habits ; Health Behavior ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1187972-5
ISSN	1532-7558 ; 1070-5503
ISSN (online)	1532-7558
ISSN	1070-5503
DOI	10.1007/s12529-021-09975-z
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Zs.A 5090: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Reciprocal relations between past behavior, implicit beliefs, and habits: A cross-lagged panel design.

Hamilton, Kyra / Phipps, Daniel J / Loxton, Natalie J / Modecki, Kathryn L / Hagger, Martin S

Journal of health psychology

2023 Volume 28, Issue 13, Page(s) 1217–1226

Abstract: The current study assessed cross-lagged relationships between binge drinking, implicit beliefs, and habit in undergraduate university students ( ...

Abstract	The current study assessed cross-lagged relationships between binge drinking, implicit beliefs, and habit in undergraduate university students (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Habits ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report ; Ethanol
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2021897-7
ISSN	1461-7277 ; 1359-1053
ISSN (online)	1461-7277
ISSN	1359-1053
DOI	10.1177/13591053231164492
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Article ; Online: Using an integrated social cognition model to identify the determinants of QR code check-in compliance behaviors in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mac, Thi Nhung / Phipps, Daniel J / Parkinson, Joy / Cassimatis, Mandy / Hamilton, Kyra

Journal of health psychology

2023 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 495–509

Abstract: In Australia, checking in while entering venues was a legal requirement during the COVID-19 pandemic to track potential infection sites. This two-wave correlational study used an integrated theory of planned behavior model including moral norms, ... ...

Abstract	In Australia, checking in while entering venues was a legal requirement during the COVID-19 pandemic to track potential infection sites. This two-wave correlational study used an integrated theory of planned behavior model including moral norms, anticipated regret, and habit to predict check-in compliance in a sample of 181 Victorians (Mean Age = 41.88, 56.4% female) and 162 Queenslanders (Mean Age = 43.26, 47.5% female). Habit and intention predicted behavior, while perceived behavioral control did not. Intention was predicted by baseline habit, attitude, subjective norm, and moral norm in the Victorian sample, while only baseline habit and moral norm predicted intention in the Queensland sample. This study has potential implications for reviewing previous strategies and for future pandemic preparedness, both by identifying the drivers of infection control compliance, and through the discussion of how differences in effects between states may be linked to each state's experience of the pandemic (e.g. infection rates, lockdown length).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/psychology ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Queensland ; Social Cognition ; Intention ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Victoria ; Models, Psychological ; Pandemics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2021897-7
ISSN	1461-7277 ; 1359-1053
ISSN (online)	1461-7277
ISSN	1359-1053
DOI	10.1177/13591053231209880
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Article ; Online: Dual processing approach to sedentary behavior and physical activity in the workplace.

Jenkins, Kailas / Phipps, Daniel J / Rhodes, Ryan E / Buchan, Jena / Hamilton, Kyra

Applied psychology. Health and well-being

2023 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 1352–1371

Abstract: Regular physical activity is an important health promoting behavior. Yet, many adults live sedentary lifestyles, especially during their workday. The current study applies an extended theory of planned behavior model, incorporating affective attitudes ... ...

Abstract	Regular physical activity is an important health promoting behavior. Yet, many adults live sedentary lifestyles, especially during their workday. The current study applies an extended theory of planned behavior model, incorporating affective attitudes and instrumental attitudes, along with habit, to predict limiting sedentary behavior and physical activity within an office environment. Theory of planned behavior constructs and habit were assessed with an online survey on a sample of 180 full-time office workers, with self-reported behavior assessed 1 week later (Mage = 25.97, SDage = 10.24; 44 males, 134 females, and 2 nonbinary). Model fit was indicated by BRMSEA (M = 0.057, SD = 0.023), B γ^ (M = 0.984, SD = 0.010) and BCFI (M = 0.959, SD = 0.026), accounting for 46.1% of variance in intention, 21.6% of variance in sedentary behavior, and 17.4% of variance in physical activity behavior. A Bayesian structural equation model revealed direct effects of instrumental attitudes and perceived behavioral control on intention to limit sedentary behavior, direct effects of intention and perceived behavioral control on limiting sedentary behavior, and direct effects of perceived behavioral control and habit on engaging in physical activity. The current study indicates intentions to be active in the office are primarily driven by beliefs about the benefits of activity and individuals' perceived level of control, rather than normative or affective beliefs. As behavior was predicted by both intention and habit, findings also indicate office-based activity is likely not always a consciously driven decision. These findings may have implications for improving activity levels in this highly sedentary population.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Sedentary Behavior ; Bayes Theorem ; Exercise/psychology ; Intention ; Workplace ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2483053-7
ISSN	1758-0854 ; 1758-0846
ISSN (online)	1758-0854
ISSN	1758-0846
DOI	10.1111/aphw.12440
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