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  1. Article ; Online: Expression of defensin genes across house fly (Musca domestica) life history gives insight into immune system subfunctionalization.

    Asgari, Danial / Purvis, Tanya / Pickens, Victoria L / Saski, Christopher A / Meisel, Richard / Nayduch, Dana

    Genome

    2024  

    Abstract: Animals encounter diverse microbial communities throughout their lifetime, which exert varying selection pressures. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which lyse or inhibit microbial growth, are a first line of defense against some of these microbes. Here we ...

    Abstract Animals encounter diverse microbial communities throughout their lifetime, which exert varying selection pressures. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which lyse or inhibit microbial growth, are a first line of defense against some of these microbes. Here we examine how developmental variation in microbial exposure has affected the evolution of expression and amino acid sequences of Defensins (an ancient class of AMPs) in the house fly (Musca domestica). The house fly is a well-suited model for this work because it trophically associates with varying microbial communities throughout its life history and its genome contains expanded families of AMPs, including Defensins. We identified two subsets of house fly Defensins: one expressed in larvae or pupae, and the other expressed in adults. The amino acid sequences of these two Defensin subsets form distinct monophyletic clades, and they are located in separate gene clusters in the genome. The adult-expressed Defensins evolve faster than larval/pupal Defensins, consistent with different selection pressures across developmental stages. Our results therefore suggest that varied microbial communities encountered across life history can shape the evolutionary trajectories of immune genes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-09
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639031-6
    ISSN 1480-3321 ; 0831-2796
    ISSN (online) 1480-3321
    ISSN 0831-2796
    DOI 10.1139/gen-2024-0016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  2. Article: House Flies Are Underappreciated Yet Important Reservoirs and Vectors of Microbial Threats to Animal and Human Health.

    Nayduch, Dana / Neupane, Saraswoti / Pickens, Victoria / Purvis, Tanya / Olds, Cassandra

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: House flies are well recognized as filth-associated organisms and public nuisances. House flies create sanitation issues when they bridge the gap between microbe-rich breeding environments and animal/human habitations. Numerous scientific surveys have ... ...

    Abstract House flies are well recognized as filth-associated organisms and public nuisances. House flies create sanitation issues when they bridge the gap between microbe-rich breeding environments and animal/human habitations. Numerous scientific surveys have demonstrated that house flies harbor bacterial pathogens that pose a threat to humans and animals. More extensive and informative surveys incorporating next-generation sequencing technologies have shown that house fly carriage of pathogens and harmful genetic elements, such as antimicrobial resistance genes, is more widespread and dangerous than previously thought. Further, there is a strong body of research confirming that flies not only harbor but also transmit viable, and presumably infectious, bacterial pathogens. Some pathogens replicate and persist in the fly, permitting prolonged shedding and dissemination. Finally, although the drivers still have yet to be firmly determined, the potential range of dissemination of flies and their associated pathogens can be extensive. Despite this evidence, the house flies' role as reservoirs, disseminators, and true, yet facultative, vectors for pathogens have been greatly underestimated and underappreciated. In this review, we present key studies that bolster the house fly's role both an important player in microbial ecology and population biology and as transmitters of microbial threats to animal and human health.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11030583
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: An electropenetrography waveform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands.

    Cooper, Anastasia M W / Jameson, Samuel B / Pickens, Victoria / Osborne, Cameron / Backus, Elaine A / Silver, Kristopher / Mitzel, Dana N

    Insect science

    2023  

    Abstract: Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal health. Unfortunately, the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque tissues. ... ...

    Abstract Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal health. Unfortunately, the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque tissues. Electropenetrography (EPG) has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during probing. We used an AC-DC EPG with variable input resistors (Ri levels) to construct a waveform library for Cx. tarsalis feeding on human hands. Biological events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current types. The optimal settings for EPG recordings of Cx. tarsalis probing on human hands was an Ri level of 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-09
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2179775-4
    ISSN 1744-7917 ; 1672-9609
    ISSN (online) 1744-7917
    ISSN 1672-9609
    DOI 10.1111/1744-7917.13292
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Entomology beyond research and education: 2022 student debates.

    Sandhi, Ramandeep Kaur / Pickens, Victoria / Bello, Elizabeth / Elzay, Sarah / Salgado, Sara / Hauri, Kayleigh C / Ternest, John J / Constancio, Natalie / Gula, Scott / Gearner, Olivia M / Anderson, Magdeline / Edeburn, Molly / Hall, Brandon / Maille, Jacqueline / Toth, Mollie / Khadka, Arjun / Doherty, Ethan / Musgrove, Tyler / Silva, Tiago /
    Desoto, Alexia / Rampone, Emily / Jocson, Dowen / Luppino, Mario / Pautzke, Kellen / Wagstaff, Camille

    Journal of insect science (Online)

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 3

    Abstract: The 2022 student debates of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) happened during the Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological Societies of America, Canada, and British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, and addressed entomological aspects beyond research ... ...

    Abstract The 2022 student debates of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) happened during the Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological Societies of America, Canada, and British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, and addressed entomological aspects beyond research and education. The Student Debates Subcommittee of the ESA Student Affairs Committee and the participating student team members communicated for 8 months and prepared for the debates. The theme of the ESA meeting in 2022 was "Entomology as inspiration: Insects through art, science, and culture". There were 2 unbiased speakers who introduced the debate topics as well as 4 teams who debated the following 2 topics: (i) Is forensic entomology viable in criminal case investigations and court cases today? and (ii) Are insects being treated ethically in scientific research? The teams prepared for about 8 months, debated their arguments, and shared their thoughts with the audience. The teams were judged by a panel and the winners were recognized at the ESA Student Awards Session during the annual meeting.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Students ; Insecta ; Entomology ; British Columbia ; Postmortem Changes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2049098-7
    ISSN 1536-2442 ; 1536-2442
    ISSN (online) 1536-2442
    ISSN 1536-2442
    DOI 10.1093/jisesa/iead036
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Transforming entomology to adapt to global concerns: 2021 student debates.

    Prade, Patricia / Kaur Sandhi, Ramandeep / DePaolo Elzay, Sarah / Arnold, Katherine / Pickens, Victoria / Freedman, Andrew / Dillard, DeShae / Gresham, Sean / Morris, Ashley / Pezzini, Daniela / Oladipupo, Seun O / Carroll, Elijah P / Murphy, Richard O / Ajibefun, Festus K / Mendez, Luis M / Carroll, Katherine / Kaur, Jasleen / Rooney, Lillie M / Stacey, Kendall /
    Tavares, Yasmin / Dyer, Jared E / Xie, Na / Bielski, Jason / Schepis, John / Hauri, Kayleigh C / Ternest, John J / Pecenka, Jacob / Gula, Scott W / Constancio, Natalie / Rampone, Emily / Luppino, Mario / Jocson, Dowen / Onayemi, Stephen / Rendleman, Emily

    Journal of insect science (Online)

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 4

    Abstract: The 2021 Student Debates of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) were held at the Annual Meeting in Denver, CO. The event was organized by the Student Debates Subcommittee (SDS) of the Student Affairs Committee (SAC). The theme of the 2021 Student ... ...

    Abstract The 2021 Student Debates of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) were held at the Annual Meeting in Denver, CO. The event was organized by the Student Debates Subcommittee (SDS) of the Student Affairs Committee (SAC). The theme of the 2021 Student Debates was "Transforming Entomology to Adapt to Global Concerns", with 3 topics. Each topic had an unbiased introduction and 2 teams. The debate topics were (i) Nonnative insect introduction is an ethical approach for counteracting proliferation and overpopulation of consumers, (ii) What is the best technology to control undesirable insect pests in urban and agricultural settings? and (iii) Compared to other solutions, like plant-based diets, insect farming is the best method to address rising human global food and nutrient supply demands. Unbiased introduction speakers and teams had approximately 6 months to prepare for their presentations.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Agriculture ; Entomology ; Farms ; Insecta ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2049098-7
    ISSN 1536-2442 ; 1536-2442
    ISSN (online) 1536-2442
    ISSN 1536-2442
    DOI 10.1093/jisesa/iead064
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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