LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 6 of total 6

Search options

  1. Book ; Online: Automating Governing Knowledge Commons and Contextual Integrity (GKC-CI) Privacy Policy Annotations with Large Language Models

    Chanenson, Jake / Pickering, Madison / Apthorpe, Noah

    2023  

    Abstract: Identifying contextual integrity (CI) and governing knowledge commons (GKC) parameters in privacy policy texts can facilitate normative privacy analysis. However, GKC-CI annotation has heretofore required manual or crowdsourced effort. This paper ... ...

    Abstract Identifying contextual integrity (CI) and governing knowledge commons (GKC) parameters in privacy policy texts can facilitate normative privacy analysis. However, GKC-CI annotation has heretofore required manual or crowdsourced effort. This paper demonstrates that high-accuracy GKC-CI parameter annotation of privacy policies can be performed automatically using large language models. We fine-tune 18 open-source and proprietary models on 21,588 GKC-CI annotations from 16 ground truth privacy policies. Our best-performing model (fine-tuned GPT-3.5 Turbo with prompt engineering) has an accuracy of 86%, exceeding the performance of prior crowdsourcing approaches despite the complexity of privacy policy texts and the nuance of the GKC-CI annotation task. We apply our best-performing model to privacy policies from 164 popular online services, demonstrating the effectiveness of scaling GKC-CI annotation for data exploration. We make all annotated policies as well as the training data and scripts needed to fine-tune our best-performing model publicly available for future research.

    Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, 10 tables
    Keywords Computer Science - Computers and Society ; Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 303
    Publishing date 2023-11-03
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  2. Article ; Online: NetworkSIR and EnvironmentalSIR: Effective, Open-Source Epidemic Modeling in the Absence of Data.

    Pickering, Madison A / Venkatesan, Subbarayan / Lehmann, Christoph U / Saleh, Sameh / Medford, Richard J

    AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium

    2022  Volume 2021, Page(s) 1009–1018

    Abstract: The rapidly changing situation characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted a need for new epidemic modeling strategies. Due to an absence of computationally efficient models robust to paucity of reliable data, we developed NetworkSIR, a model ... ...

    Abstract The rapidly changing situation characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted a need for new epidemic modeling strategies. Due to an absence of computationally efficient models robust to paucity of reliable data, we developed NetworkSIR, a model capable of making predictions when only the approximate population density is known. We then extend NetworkSIR to capture the effect of indirect disease spread on the progression of an epidemic (EnvironmentalSIR).
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1942-597X
    ISSN (online) 1942-597X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  3. Article: Implementation of Outpatient Infectious Diseases E-Consults at a Safety Net Healthcare System.

    Medford, Richard J / Granger, Madison / Pickering, Madison / Lehmann, Christoph U / Mayorga, Christian / King, Helen

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) ofac341

    Abstract: Background: Safety net healthcare systems have high patient volumes and significant demands for specialty care including infectious diseases (ID) consultations. Electronic ID consults (E-consults) can lessen this burden by providing an alternative to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Safety net healthcare systems have high patient volumes and significant demands for specialty care including infectious diseases (ID) consultations. Electronic ID consults (E-consults) can lessen this burden by providing an alternative to face-to-face ID referrals and decreasing financial, time, and travel constraints on patients. This system could increase access to ID care for patients in limited-resource settings.
    Methods: We described characteristics of all outpatient ID E-consults at Parkland Health in Dallas, Texas, from March 2018 to February 2021. We used modeling to determine which characteristics influenced conversion of E-consults to clinic visits and integrated these data into a predictive model for face-to-face conversion.
    Results: For 725 E-consults, common E-consult topics included 118 (16%) latent tuberculosis, 116 (16%) syphilis, and 76 (10%) gastrointestinal infections. Nearly two-thirds of E-consults (456 [63%]) were requested by primary care providers. The majority (78%) were resolved without a face-to-face ID visit. Osteomyelitis, nontuberculous mycobacterial, and gastrointestinal questions frequently required face-to-face visits at rates of 65%, 49%, and 32%, respectively. Our logistic regression model predicted the need for a face-to-face visit with 80% accuracy and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.72.
    Conclusions: An outpatient ID E-consult program at a safety net healthcare system was an effective tool to provide timely input on common ID topics. E-consults were requested by a range of providers, and most were completed without a face-to-face visit. Predictive modeling identified important characteristics of E-consults and predicted conversion to face-to-face visits with reasonable accuracy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofac341
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  4. Article ; Online: Incidence and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With COVID-19.

    Ho, Milan / Most, Zachary M / Perl, Trish M / Diaz, Marlon I / Casazza, Julia A / Saleh, Sameh / Pickering, Madison / Radunsky, Alexander P / Hanna, John J / Thakur, Bhaskar / Lehmann, Christoph U / Medford, Richard J / Turer, Robert W

    Hospital pediatrics

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 450–462

    Abstract: Objectives: Throughout the pandemic, children with COVID-19 have experienced hospitalization, ICU admission, invasive respiratory support, and death. Using a multisite, national dataset, we investigate risk factors associated with these outcomes in ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Throughout the pandemic, children with COVID-19 have experienced hospitalization, ICU admission, invasive respiratory support, and death. Using a multisite, national dataset, we investigate risk factors associated with these outcomes in children with COVID-19.
    Methods: Our data source (Optum deidentified COVID-19 Electronic Health Record Dataset) included children aged 0 to 18 years testing positive for COVID-19 between January 1, 2020, and January 20, 2022. Using ordinal logistic regression, we identified factors associated with an ordinal outcome scale: nonhospitalization, hospitalization, or a severe composite outcome (ICU, intensive respiratory support, death). To contrast hospitalization for COVID-19 and incidental positivity on hospitalization, we secondarily identified patient factors associated with hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19.
    Results: In 165 437 children with COVID-19, 3087 (1.8%) were hospitalized without complication, 2954 (1.8%) experienced ICU admission and/or intensive respiratory support, and 31 (0.02%) died. We grouped patients by age: 0 to 4 years old (35 088), and 5 to 11 years old (75 574), 12 to 18 years old (54 775). Factors positively associated with worse outcomes were preexisting comorbidities and residency in the Southern United States. In 0- to 4-year-old children, there was a nonlinear association between age and worse outcomes, with worse outcomes in 0- to 2-year-old children. In 5- to 18-year-old patients, vaccination was protective. Findings were similar in our secondary analysis of hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19, though region effects were no longer observed.
    Conclusions: Among children with COVID-19, preexisting comorbidities and residency in the Southern United States were positively associated with worse outcomes, whereas vaccination was negatively associated. Our study population was highly insured; future studies should evaluate underinsured populations to confirm generalizability.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; United States/epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Adolescent ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Incidence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospitalization ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2154-1671
    ISSN (online) 2154-1671
    DOI 10.1542/hpeds.2022-006833
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  5. Article ; Online: Is there an association between peri-diagnostic vaccination and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients?

    Casazza, Julia A / Thakur, Bhaskar / Perl, Trish M / Hanna, John J / Diaz, Marlon I / Ho, Milan / Lanier, Heather / Pickering, Madison / Saleh, Sameh N / Shah, Pankil / Shah, Dimpy / Navar, Ann Marie / Lehmann, Christoph U / Medford, Richard J / Turer, Robert W

    Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) e150

    Abstract: Background: Peri-diagnostic vaccination contemporaneous with SARS-CoV-2 infection might boost antiviral immunity and improve patient outcomes. We investigated, among previously unvaccinated patients, whether vaccination (with the Pfizer, Moderna, or J&J ...

    Abstract Background: Peri-diagnostic vaccination contemporaneous with SARS-CoV-2 infection might boost antiviral immunity and improve patient outcomes. We investigated, among previously unvaccinated patients, whether vaccination (with the Pfizer, Moderna, or J&J vaccines) during the week before or after a positive COVID-19 test was associated with altered 30-day patient outcomes.
    Methods: Using a deidentified longitudinal EHR repository, we selected all previously unvaccinated adults who initially tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between December 11, 2020 (the date of vaccine emergency use approval) and December 19, 2021. We assessed whether vaccination between days -7 and +7 of a positive test affected outcomes. The primary measure was progression to a more severe disease outcome within 30 days of diagnosis using the following hierarchy: hospitalization, intensive care, or death.
    Results: Among 60,031 hospitalized patients, 543 (0.91%) were initially vaccinated at the time of diagnosis and 59,488 (99.09%) remained unvaccinated during the period of interest. Among 316,337 nonhospitalized patients, 2,844 (0.90%) were initially vaccinated and 313,493 (99.1%) remained unvaccinated. In both analyses, individuals receiving vaccines were older, more often located in the northeast, more commonly insured by Medicare, and more burdened by comorbidities. Among previously unvaccinated patients, there was no association between receiving an initial vaccine dose between days -7 and +7 of diagnosis and progression to more severe disease within 30 days compared to patients who did not receive vaccines.
    Conclusions: Immunization during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection does not appear associated with clinical progression during the acute infectious period.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2732-494X
    ISSN (online) 2732-494X
    DOI 10.1017/ash.2023.417
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  6. Article: Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe Outcomes Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cohort Study.

    Hanna, John J / Geresu, Liyu B / Diaz, Marlon I / Ho, Milan / Casazza, Julia A / Pickering, Madison A / Lanier, Heather D / Radunsky, Alexander P / Cooper, Lauren N / Saleh, Sameh N / Bedimo, Roger J / Most, Zachary M / Perl, Trish M / Lehmann, Christoph U / Turer, Robert W / Chow, Jeremy Y / Medford, Richard J

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) ofad400

    Abstract: Background: Studies on COVID-19 in people with HIV (PWH) have had limitations. Further investigations on risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PWH are needed.: Methods: This retrospective cohort study leveraged the national OPTUM ... ...

    Abstract Background: Studies on COVID-19 in people with HIV (PWH) have had limitations. Further investigations on risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PWH are needed.
    Methods: This retrospective cohort study leveraged the national OPTUM COVID-19 data set to investigate factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity among PWH and risk factors for severe outcomes, including hospitalization, intensive care unit stays, and death. A subset analysis was conducted to examine HIV-specific variables. Multiple variable logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates.
    Results: Of 43 173 PWH included in this study, 6472 had a positive SARS-CoV-2 result based on a polymerase chain reaction test or antigen test. For PWH with SARS-CoV-2 positivity, higher odds were found for those who were younger (18-49 years), Hispanic White, African American, from the US South, uninsured, and a noncurrent smoker and had a higher body mass index and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. For PWH with severe outcomes, higher odds were identified for those who were SARS-CoV-2 positive, older, from the US South, receiving Medicaid/Medicare or uninsured, a current smoker, and underweight and had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. In a subset analysis including PWH with HIV care variables (n = 5098), those with unsuppressed HIV viral load, a low CD4 count, and no antiretroviral therapy had higher odds of severe outcomes.
    Conclusions: This large US study found significant ethnic, racial, and geographic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection among PWH. Chronic comorbidities, older age, lower body mass index, and smoking were associated with severe outcomes among PWH during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with severe outcomes, but once we adjusted for HIV care variables, SARS-CoV-2 was no longer significant; however, low CD4 count, high viral load, and lack of antiretroviral therapy had higher odds of severe outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofad400
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

To top