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  1. Article ; Online: Cancer risk and pesticide use in agricultural settings

    Pierluigi Cocco

    Safety and Health at Work, Vol 13, Iss , Pp S50- (2022)

    2022  

    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review

    Pierluigi Cocco

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 2632, p

    2022  Volume 2632

    Abstract: Background. In January 2021, the European Union ended the license of Mancozeb, the bestselling ethylenedithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide, because of some properties typical of human carcinogens. This decision contrasts the IARC classification of EBDC ... ...

    Abstract Background. In January 2021, the European Union ended the license of Mancozeb, the bestselling ethylenedithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide, because of some properties typical of human carcinogens. This decision contrasts the IARC classification of EBDC fungicides (Group 3, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity). A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted to explore the current evidence. Methods. Human and experimental studies of cancer and exposure to EBDC fungicides (Mancozeb, Maneb, Zineb, and others) and ethylene thiourea (ETU), their major metabolite, published in English as of December 2021, were retrieved using PubMed, the list of references of the relevant reports, and grey literature. Results. The epidemiological evidence of EBDC carcinogenicity is inadequate, with two studies each suggesting an association with melanoma and brain cancer and inconsistent findings for thyroid cancer. Experimental animal studies point at thyroid cancer in rats and liver cancer in mice, while multiple organs were affected following the long-term oral administration of Mancozeb. The mechanism of thyroid carcinogenesis in rats has also been shown to occur in humans. Genotoxic effects have been reported. Conclusions. The results of this systematic review suggest inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides from human studies and sufficient evidence from animal studies, with positive results on three out of ten key characteristics of carcinogens applying to humans as well. An IARC re-evaluation of the human carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides is warranted.
    Keywords ethylenedithiocarbamates ; Mancozeb ; Maneb ; Zineb ; ethylenthiourea ; fungicides ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: COVID-19 and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

    De Matteis Sara / Cosetta Minelli / Giorgio Broccia / Paolo Vineis / Pierluigi Cocco

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 3, p e

    A common susceptibility pattern?

    2023  Volume 0277588

    Abstract: Objective To explore the link between COVID-19 incidence, socio-economic covariates, and NHL incidence. Design Ecological study design. Setting Sardinia, Italy. Participants We used official reports on the total cases of COVID-19 in 2020, published data ... ...

    Abstract Objective To explore the link between COVID-19 incidence, socio-economic covariates, and NHL incidence. Design Ecological study design. Setting Sardinia, Italy. Participants We used official reports on the total cases of COVID-19 in 2020, published data on NHL incidence, and socio-economic indicators by administrative unit, covering the whole regional population. Main outcomes and measures We used multivariable regression analysis to explore the association between the natural logarithm (ln) of the 2020 cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and the ln-transformed NHL incidence in 1974-2003, weighing by population size and adjusting by socioeconomic deprivation and other covariates. Results The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 increased in relation to past incidence of NHL (p < 0.001), socioeconomic deprivation (p = 0.006), and proportion of elderly residents (p < 0.001) and decreased with urban residency (p = 0.001). Several sensitivity analyses confirmed the finding of an association between COVID-19 and NHL. Conclusion This ecological study found an ecological association between NHL and COVID-19. If further investigation would confirm our findings, shared susceptibility factors should be investigated among the plausible underlying mechanisms.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Schrödinger’s Worker

    Federico Meloni / Marcello Campagna / Angelo Restivo / Pierluigi Cocco

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 6316, p

    Are They Positive or Negative for SARS-CoV-2?

    2020  Volume 6316

    Abstract: In these days of 2020, tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, and their use in the context of health surveillance of workers, are becoming popular. Nevertheless, their sensitivity and specificity could vary on the basis of the type of test used and on ... ...

    Abstract In these days of 2020, tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, and their use in the context of health surveillance of workers, are becoming popular. Nevertheless, their sensitivity and specificity could vary on the basis of the type of test used and on the moment of infection of the subject tested. The aim of this viewpoint paper is to make employers, workers, occupational physicians, and public health specialists think about the limits of diagnostic tests currently available, and the possible implication related to the erroneous and incautious assignment of “immunity passports” or “risk-free certificates” to workers during screening campaigns in workplaces.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; serologic tests ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; sensitivity and specificity ; Predictive value of tests ; Medicine ; R ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among adults in Sardinia, Italy.

    Giorgio Broccia / Jonathan Carter / Cansu Ozsin-Ozler / Federico Meloni / Sara De Matteis / Pierluigi Cocco

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e

    2022  Volume 0260078

    Abstract: The causes of the peculiar time trend in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in most parts of the world and of its geographic distribution are still unknown. We used the data base of 1974-2003 incident cases of hematological malignancies to ... ...

    Abstract The causes of the peculiar time trend in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in most parts of the world and of its geographic distribution are still unknown. We used the data base of 1974-2003 incident cases of hematological malignancies to explore the time trend of NHL incidence in the region of Sardinia, Italy, and we used Bayesian methods to plot the probability of NHL incidence by residential unit on the regional map. In 1974-2003, 4109 NHL cases were diagnosed among resident adults in Sardinia, with an incidence rate of 13.38 x 10-5 (95% CI 12.97-13.80). NHL incidence showed an upward trend along the study period with an average annual percent change (APC) of 4.94 (95% CI -5.39-16.4), which did not vary by gender or by age-group. Cancer registry data, covering part of the region starting from 1993, suggest that the increasing trend did not persist in the subsequent years. Areas with the highest probability of an excess incidence tended to cluster in the north-eastern part of the region and in two major urban centers, with the low incidence areas located in the south, confirming previous observations. Prevalence of viral infections, environmental and occupational exposures, or socio-economic deprivation would not explain the peculiar geographic distribution we observed. These findings provide convincing arguments for extending the coverage of routine cancer registration over the whole Sardinian population, while prompting further research on the genetic and environmental determinants of NHL in the risk areas.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: COVID-19

    Peter Morfeld / Barbara Timmermann / J. Valérie Groß / Philip Lewis / Pierluigi Cocco / Thomas C. Erren

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    Heterogeneous Excess Mortality and “Burden of Disease” in Germany and Italy and Their States and Regions, January–June 2020

    2021  Volume 9

    Abstract: Total mortality and “burden of disease” in Germany and Italy and their states and regions were explored during the first COVID-19 wave by using publicly available data for 16 German states and 20 Italian regions from January 2016 to June 2020. Based on ... ...

    Abstract Total mortality and “burden of disease” in Germany and Italy and their states and regions were explored during the first COVID-19 wave by using publicly available data for 16 German states and 20 Italian regions from January 2016 to June 2020. Based on expectations from 2016 to 2019, simplified Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) for deaths occurring in the first half of 2020 and the effect of changed excess mortality in terms of “burden of disease” were assessed. Moreover, whether two German states and 19 Italian cities appropriately represent the countries within the European monitoring of excess mortality for public health action (EuroMOMO) network was explored. Significantly elevated SMRs were observed (Germany: week 14–18, Italy: week 11–18) with SMR peaks in week 15 in Germany (1.15, 95%-CI: 1.09–1.21) and in week 13 in Italy (1.79, 95%-CI: 1.75–1.83). Overall, SMRs were 1.00 (95%-CI: 0.97–1.04) in Germany and 1.06 (95%-CI: 1.03–1.10) in Italy. Significant SMR heterogeneity was found within both countries. Age and sex were strong modifiers. Loss of life expectancy was 0.34 days (1.66 days in men) for Germany and 5.3 days (6.3 days in men) for Italy [with upper limits of 3 and 6 weeks among elderly populations (≥65 years) after maximum potential bias adjustments]. Restricted data used within EuroMOMO neither represents mortality in the countries as a whole nor in their states and regions adequately. Mortality analyses with high spatial and temporal resolution are needed to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic's course.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 ; SMR ; Germany ; Italy ; mortality excess ; epidemiology ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 940
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Author Correction

    Giorgio Broccia / Jonathan Carter / Cansu Ozsin-Ozler / Federico Meloni / Ilaria Pilia / Sara De Matteis / Pierluigi Cocco

    Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    Time trend and Bayesian mapping of multiple myeloma incidence in Sardinia, Italy

    2022  Volume 1

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: On the rumors about the silent spring

    Pierluigi Cocco

    Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Vol 18, Iss 2, Pp 379-

    review of the scientific evidence linking occupational and environmental pesticide exposure to endocrine disruption health effects Rumores de uma primavera silenciosa: uma revisão das evidências científicas sobre a associação entre exposição ocupacional e ambiental a pesticidas e distúrbios endócrinos

    2002  Volume 402

    Abstract: Occupational exposure to some pesticides, and particularly DBCP and chlordecone, may adversely affect male fertility. However, apart from the therapeutic use of diethylstilbestrol, the threat to human reproduction posed by "endocrine disrupting" ... ...

    Abstract Occupational exposure to some pesticides, and particularly DBCP and chlordecone, may adversely affect male fertility. However, apart from the therapeutic use of diethylstilbestrol, the threat to human reproduction posed by "endocrine disrupting" environmental contaminants has not been supported by epidemiological evidence thus far. As it concerns other endocrine effects described in experimental animals, only thyroid inhibition following occupational exposure to amitrole and mancozeb has been confirmed in humans. Cancer of the breast, endometrium, ovary, prostate, testis, and thyroid are hormone-dependent, which fostered research on the potential risk associated with occupational and environmental exposure to the so-called endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The most recent studies have ruled out the hypothesis of DDT derivatives as responsible for excess risks of cancer of the reproductive organs. Still, we cannot exclude a role for high level exposure to o,p'-DDE, particularly in post-menopausal ER+ breast cancer. On the other hand, other organochlorine pesticides and triazine herbicides require further investigation for a possible etiologic role in some hormone-dependent cancers. A exposição ocupacional a determinados pesticidas, particularmente ao DBCP e à clordecona, pode ter efeitos adversos sobre a fertilidade masculina. Entretanto, com exceção do uso terapêutico do dietil-estilbestrol, a ameaça à reprodução humana através da "desregulação endócrina" por contaminantes ambientais ainda não foi comprovada através de evidências epidemiológicas. A questão diz respeito a outros efeitos endócrinos descritos em animais experimentais, e apenas a inibição tireóide foi confirmada em seres humanos, após exposição ocupacional a amitrole e mancozeb. O fato de serem hormônio-dependentes os cânceres de mama, endométrio, ovário, próstata, testículos e tireóide motivou pesquisas sobre o risco potencial associado à exposição ocupacional e ambiental aos pesticidas conhecidos como "desreguladores endócrinos". Os estudos mais ...
    Keywords Reprodução ; Antitiroidianos ; Neoplasias ; Praguicidas ; Desreguladores Endócrinos ; Reproduction ; Antithyroid Agents ; Neoplasms ; Pesticides ; Endocrine Disruptors ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Haemolymphatic cancer among children in Sardinia, Italy

    Pierluigi Cocco / Giannina Satta / Federico Meloni / Marcello Campagna / Giorgio Broccia / Jonathan Carter / Cansu Ozsin-Ozler / Ilaria Pilia / Giulio Murgia

    BMJ Open, Vol 10, Iss

    1974–2003 incidence

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: Objectives To explore the time trend and geographical distribution of childhood leukaemia incidence over the territory of the Italian region of Sardinia.Setting All hospitals departments, diagnostic centres and social security agencies in Sardinia were ... ...

    Abstract Objectives To explore the time trend and geographical distribution of childhood leukaemia incidence over the territory of the Italian region of Sardinia.Setting All hospitals departments, diagnostic centres and social security agencies in Sardinia were regularly screened in 1974–2003 to identify, register and review the diagnoses of incident cases of haematological malignancies (HM).Participants The whole child population aged 0–14 resident in Sardinia.Primary and secondary outcome measures Incidence and time trend of childhood HM and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) over the study period, and use of Bayesian methods to plot the probability of areas with excess incidence on the regional map.Results Overall, 675 HM cases, including 378 ALL cases, occurred among children aged 0–14 years resident in Sardinia in 1974–2003, with an incidence rate of 6.97×10-5 (95% CI 6.47 to 7.51) and 3.85×10-5 (95% CI 3.48 to 4.26), respectively. Incidence of HM and ALL showed an upward trend along the study period especially among females. Three communes out of the 356 existing in 1974, namely Ittiri, Villa San Pietro and Carbonia, stand out as areas with excess incidence of HM and ALL in particular and another, Carloforte, for ALL only.Conclusions Our results might serve as convincing arguments for extending the coverage of routine cancer registration over the whole Sardinian population, while prompting further research on the genetic and environmental determinants in the areas at risk.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 300
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Male fertility following occupational exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)

    Marcello Campagna / Giannina Satta / Domenica Fadda / Sergio Pili / Pierluigi Cocco

    Environment International, Vol 77, Iss , Pp 42-

    2015  Volume 47

    Abstract: Background: The inconsistent epidemiological results of the endocrine disrupting effects of DDT fuel a harsh debate on its global ban. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that occupational exposure to dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) causes ... ...

    Abstract Background: The inconsistent epidemiological results of the endocrine disrupting effects of DDT fuel a harsh debate on its global ban. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that occupational exposure to dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) causes impairment in male fertility in a cohort of DDT exposed workers, in Sardinia, Italy. Methods: We accessed official records on date of marriage and date of birth of the first child to estimate time to pregnancy (TTP) in the spouses of 1223 workers employed in a 1946–1950 anti-malarial campaign. The TTP calculation was censored at the 13th month after date of marriage. We used a modified Cox's proportional hazard model to calculate the fecundability ratio (FR) by job, by cumulative exposure to DDT, and by time window in relation to the anti-malarial operations, adjusting by paternal age at marriage. Results: Among the spouses of DDT applicators, fecundability did not vary during DDT use (FR = 1.22, 95% CI 0.84–1.77) nor in the following decade (FR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.67–1.50) with reference to the prior years. A significant increase occurred among the unexposed and the less exposed sub-cohorts, which generated a non-significantly reduced FR among the DDT applicator sub-cohort with reference to the unexposed following exposure. Conclusion: We did not find evidence of an impairment in male fertility following heavy occupational exposure to DDT. However, although fecundability was highest among the spouses of the DDT applicators in the years prior to the anti-malarial campaign, we cannot exclude that DDT exposure prevented an increase parallel to that observed among the unexposed and the less exposed sub-cohorts. Keywords: Male fertility, Time to pregnancy, DDT, Occupational exposure
    Keywords Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 600
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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