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  1. Article ; Online: Metabotyping for Precision Nutrition and Weight Management: Hype or Hope?

    Pigsborg, Kristina / Magkos, Faidon

    Current nutrition reports

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 117–123

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Precision nutrition requires a solid understanding of the factors that determine individual responses to dietary treatment. We review the current state of knowledge in identifying human metabotypes - based on circulating biomarkers - ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Precision nutrition requires a solid understanding of the factors that determine individual responses to dietary treatment. We review the current state of knowledge in identifying human metabotypes - based on circulating biomarkers - that can predict weight loss or other relevant physiological outcomes in response to diet treatment.
    Recent findings: Not many studies have been conducted in this area and the ones identified here are heterogeneous in design and methodology, and therefore difficult to synthesize and draw conclusions. The basis of the creation of metabotypes varies widely, from using thresholds for a single metabolite to using complex algorithms to generate multi-component constructs that include metabolite and genetic information. Furthermore, available studies are a mix of hypothesis-driven and hypothesis-generating studies, and most of them lack experimental testing in human trials. Although this field of research is still in its infancy, precision-based dietary intervention strategies focusing on the metabotype group level hold promise for designing more effective dietary treatments for obesity.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/metabolism ; Diet ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2161-3311
    ISSN (online) 2161-3311
    DOI 10.1007/s13668-021-00392-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Metabotyping for Precision Nutrition and Weight Management: Hype or Hope?

    Pigsborg, Kristina / Magkos, Faidon

    Current nutrition reports. 2022 June, v. 11, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW : Precision nutrition requires a solid understanding of the factors that determine individual responses to dietary treatment. We review the current state of knowledge in identifying human metabotypes – based on circulating biomarkers – ... ...

    Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW : Precision nutrition requires a solid understanding of the factors that determine individual responses to dietary treatment. We review the current state of knowledge in identifying human metabotypes – based on circulating biomarkers – that can predict weight loss or other relevant physiological outcomes in response to diet treatment. RECENT FINDINGS : Not many studies have been conducted in this area and the ones identified here are heterogeneous in design and methodology, and therefore difficult to synthesize and draw conclusions. The basis of the creation of metabotypes varies widely, from using thresholds for a single metabolite to using complex algorithms to generate multi-component constructs that include metabolite and genetic information. Furthermore, available studies are a mix of hypothesis-driven and hypothesis-generating studies, and most of them lack experimental testing in human trials. Although this field of research is still in its infancy, precision-based dietary intervention strategies focusing on the metabotype group level hold promise for designing more effective dietary treatments for obesity.
    Keywords biomarkers ; humans ; metabolites ; nutritional intervention ; obesity ; weight control ; weight loss
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Size p. 117-123.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article
    Note Review
    ISSN 2161-3311
    DOI 10.1007/s13668-021-00392-y
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  3. Article ; Online: Behavioral and Psychological Factors Affecting Weight Loss Success.

    Pigsborg, Kristina / Kalea, Anastasia Z / De Dominicis, Stefano / Magkos, Faidon

    Current obesity reports

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) 223–230

    Abstract: Purpose of review: There is a large variability between individuals in the weight loss response to any given diet treatment, which fuels interest into personalized or precision nutrition. Although most efforts are directed toward identifying biological ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: There is a large variability between individuals in the weight loss response to any given diet treatment, which fuels interest into personalized or precision nutrition. Although most efforts are directed toward identifying biological or metabolic factors, several behavioral and psychological factors can also be responsible for some of this interindividual variability.
    Recent findings: There are many factors that can influence the response to dietary weight loss interventions, including factors related to eating behavior (emotional eating, disinhibition, restraint, perceived stress), behaviors and societal norms related to age and sex, psychological and personal factors (motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, self-concept), and major life events. The success of a weight loss intervention can be influenced by many psychological and behavioral constructs and not merely by physiological factors such as biology and genetics. These factors are difficult to capture accurately and are often overlooked. Future weight loss studies should consider assessing such factors to better understand the underlying reasons for the large interindividual variability to weight loss therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Obesity/psychology ; Diet, Reducing ; Weight Loss/physiology ; Feeding Behavior/psychology ; Motivation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2162-4968
    ISSN (online) 2162-4968
    DOI 10.1007/s13679-023-00511-6
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  4. Article: Effects of changing from a diet with saturated fat to a diet with n-6 polyunsaturated fat on the serum metabolome in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors

    Pigsborg, Kristina / Gürdeniz, Gözde / Rangel-Huerta, Oscar Daniel / Holven, Kirsten B. / Dragsted, Lars Ove / Ulven, Stine M.

    European journal of nutrition. 2022 June, v. 61, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: PURPOSE: Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the changes in the serum metabolome after this replacement is not well known. Therefore, the present ... ...

    Abstract PURPOSE: Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the changes in the serum metabolome after this replacement is not well known. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the metabolites differentiating diets where six energy percentage SFA is replaced with PUFA and to elucidate the association of dietary metabolites with cardiometabolic risk markers. METHODS: In an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, 99 moderately hyper-cholesterolemic adults (25–70 years) were assigned to a control diet (C-diet) or an experimental diet (Ex-diet). Both groups received commercially available food items with different fatty acid compositions. In the Ex-diet group, products were given where SFA was replaced mostly with n-6 PUFA. Fasting serum samples were analysed by untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Pre-processed data were analysed by double cross-validated Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to detect features differentiating the two diet groups. RESULTS: PLS-DA differentiated the metabolic profiles of the Ex-diet and the C-diet groups with an area under the curve of 0.83. The Ex-diet group showed higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens, an unsaturated acylcarnitine, and a secondary bile acid. The C-diet group was characterized by odd-numbered phospholipids and a saturated acylcarnitine. The Principal Component analysis scores of the serum metabolic profiles characterizing the diets were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels but not with glycaemia. CONCLUSION: The serum metabolic profiles confirmed the compliance of the participants based on their diet-specific metabolome after replacing SFA with mostly n-6 PUFA. The participants' metabolic profiles in response to the change in diet were associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 01679496 on September 6th 2012.
    Keywords bile acids ; blood glucose ; blood serum ; cardiovascular diseases ; compliance ; discriminant analysis ; energy ; experimental diets ; least squares ; low density lipoprotein cholesterol ; mass spectrometry ; metabolites ; metabolome ; omega-6 fatty acids ; phosphatidylcholines ; principal component analysis ; risk reduction ; saturated fats ; triacylglycerols ; ultra-performance liquid chromatography ; unsaturated fats
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Size p. 2079-2089.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1466536-0
    ISSN 1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
    ISSN (online) 1436-6215
    ISSN 1436-6207
    DOI 10.1007/s00394-021-02796-6
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  5. Article ; Online: Effects of changing from a diet with saturated fat to a diet with n-6 polyunsaturated fat on the serum metabolome in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors.

    Pigsborg, Kristina / Gürdeniz, Gözde / Rangel-Huerta, Oscar Daniel / Holven, Kirsten B / Dragsted, Lars Ove / Ulven, Stine M

    European journal of nutrition

    2022  Volume 61, Issue 4, Page(s) 2079–2089

    Abstract: Purpose: Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the changes in the serum metabolome after this replacement is not well known. Therefore, the present ...

    Abstract Purpose: Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the changes in the serum metabolome after this replacement is not well known. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the metabolites differentiating diets where six energy percentage SFA is replaced with PUFA and to elucidate the association of dietary metabolites with cardiometabolic risk markers.
    Methods: In an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, 99 moderately hyper-cholesterolemic adults (25-70 years) were assigned to a control diet (C-diet) or an experimental diet (Ex-diet). Both groups received commercially available food items with different fatty acid compositions. In the Ex-diet group, products were given where SFA was replaced mostly with n-6 PUFA. Fasting serum samples were analysed by untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Pre-processed data were analysed by double cross-validated Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to detect features differentiating the two diet groups.
    Results: PLS-DA differentiated the metabolic profiles of the Ex-diet and the C-diet groups with an area under the curve of 0.83. The Ex-diet group showed higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens, an unsaturated acylcarnitine, and a secondary bile acid. The C-diet group was characterized by odd-numbered phospholipids and a saturated acylcarnitine. The Principal Component analysis scores of the serum metabolic profiles characterizing the diets were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels but not with glycaemia.
    Conclusion: The serum metabolic profiles confirmed the compliance of the participants based on their diet-specific metabolome after replacing SFA with mostly n-6 PUFA. The participants' metabolic profiles in response to the change in diet were associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01679496 on September 6th 2012.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Diet ; Dietary Fats ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Humans ; Metabolome ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol, LDL ; Dietary Fats ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-09
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 1466536-0
    ISSN 1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
    ISSN (online) 1436-6215
    ISSN 1436-6207
    DOI 10.1007/s00394-021-02796-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Supplementation with inulin-type fructans affects gut microbiota and attenuates some of the cardiometabolic benefits of a plant-based diet in individuals with overweight or obesity.

    Aldubayan, Mona Adnan / Mao, Xiaotian / Laursen, Martin Frederik / Pigsborg, Kristina / Christensen, Lars H / Roager, Henrik M / Nielsen, Dennis S / Hjorth, Mads Fiil / Magkos, Faidon

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1108088

    Abstract: Background: The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic target to improve the management of obesity and its comorbidities.: Objective: We investigated the impact of a high fiber (∼38 g/d) plant-based diet, consumed : Methods: This is ...

    Abstract Background: The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic target to improve the management of obesity and its comorbidities.
    Objective: We investigated the impact of a high fiber (∼38 g/d) plant-based diet, consumed
    Methods: This is a secondary exploratory analysis from the PREVENTOMICS study, in which 100 subjects (82 completers) aged 18-65 years with body mass index 27-40 kg/m
    Results: In response to the plant-based diet, all subjects lost weight (-3.2 [95% CI -3.9, -2.5] kg) and experienced significant improvements in body composition and cardiometabolic health indices. Addition of ITF to the plant-based diet reduced microbial diversity (Shannon index) and selectively increased
    Conclusion: A plant-based diet consumed
    Clinical trial registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04590989], identifier [NCT04590989].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2023.1108088
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  7. Article: Predicting weight loss success on a new Nordic diet: an untargeted multi-platform metabolomics and machine learning approach.

    Pigsborg, Kristina / Stentoft-Larsen, Valdemar / Demharter, Samuel / Aldubayan, Mona Adnan / Trimigno, Alessia / Khakimov, Bekzod / Engelsen, Søren Balling / Astrup, Arne / Hjorth, Mads Fiil / Dragsted, Lars Ove / Magkos, Faidon

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1191944

    Abstract: Background and aim: Results from randomized controlled trials indicate that no single diet performs better than other for all people living with obesity. Regardless of the diet plan, there is always large inter-individual variability in weight changes, ... ...

    Abstract Background and aim: Results from randomized controlled trials indicate that no single diet performs better than other for all people living with obesity. Regardless of the diet plan, there is always large inter-individual variability in weight changes, with some individuals losing weight and some not losing or even gaining weight. This raises the possibility that, for different individuals, the optimal diet for successful weight loss may differ. The current study utilized machine learning to build a predictive model for successful weight loss in subjects with overweight or obesity on a New Nordic Diet (NND).
    Methods: Ninety-one subjects consumed an NND
    Results: There were no differences in clinical parameters at baseline between responders and non-responders, except age (47 ± 13 vs. 39 ± 11 years, respectively,
    Conclusion: We identified a model containing two metabolites that were able to predict the likelihood of achieving a clinically significant weight loss on an
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2023.1191944
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  8. Article ; Online: Empowering consumers to PREVENT diet-related diseases through OMICS sciences (PREVENTOMICS): protocol for a parallel double-blinded randomised intervention trial to investigate biomarker-based nutrition plans for weight loss.

    Aldubayan, Mona Adnan / Pigsborg, Kristina / Gormsen, Sophia M O / Serra, Francisca / Palou, Mariona / Mena, Pedro / Wetzels, Mart / Calleja, Alberto / Caimari, Antoni / Del Bas, Josep / Gutierrez, Biotza / Magkos, Faidon / Hjorth, Mads Fiil

    BMJ open

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e051285

    Abstract: Introduction: Personalised nutrition holds immense potential over conventional one-size-fits-all approaches for preventing and treating diet-related diseases, such as obesity. The current study aims to examine whether a personalised nutritional plan ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Personalised nutrition holds immense potential over conventional one-size-fits-all approaches for preventing and treating diet-related diseases, such as obesity. The current study aims to examine whether a personalised nutritional plan produces more favourable health outcomes than a standard approach based on general dietary recommendations in subjects with overweight or obesity and elevated waist circumference.
    Methods and analysis: This project is a 10-week parallel, double-blinded randomised intervention trial. We plan to include 100 adults aged 18-65 years interested in losing weight, with body mass index ≥27 but<40 kg/m
    Ethics and dissemination: The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and media outlets.
    Trial registration number: NCT04590989.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Biomarkers ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/prevention & control ; Power, Psychological ; Quality of Life ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Weight Loss
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051285
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  9. Article: A double-blinded, randomized, parallel intervention to evaluate biomarker-based nutrition plans for weight loss: The PREVENTOMICS study

    Aldubayan, Mona A. / Pigsborg, Kristina / Gormsen, Sophia M.O. / Serra, Francisca / Palou, Mariona / Galmés, Sebastià / Palou-March, Andreu / Favari, Claudia / Wetzels, Mart / Calleja, Alberto / Rodríguez Gómez, Miguel Angel / Castellnou, María Guirro / Caimari, Antoni / Galofré, Mar / Suñol, David / Escoté, Xavier / Alcaide-Hidalgo, Juan María / M del Bas, Josep / Gutierrez, Biotza /
    Krarup, Thure / Hjorth, Mads F. / Magkos, Faidon

    Clinical nutrition. 2022 Aug., v. 41, no. 8

    2022  

    Abstract: Growing evidence suggests that biomarker-guided dietary interventions can optimize response to treatment. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the PREVENTOMCIS platform—which uses metabolomic and genetic information to classify individuals into ... ...

    Abstract Growing evidence suggests that biomarker-guided dietary interventions can optimize response to treatment. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the PREVENTOMCIS platform—which uses metabolomic and genetic information to classify individuals into different ‘metabolic clusters’ and create personalized dietary plans—for improving health outcomes in subjects with overweight or obesity. A 10-week parallel, double-blinded, randomized intervention was conducted in 100 adults (82 completers) aged 18–65 years, with body mass index ≥27 but <40 kg/m², who were allocated into either a personalized diet group (n = 49) or a control diet group (n = 51). About 60% of all food was provided free-of-charge. No specific instruction to restrict energy intake was given. The primary outcome was change in fat mass from baseline, evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Other endpoints included body weight, waist circumference, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis markers, inflammatory markers, blood pressure, physical activity, stress and eating behavior. There were significant main effects of time (P < 0.01), but no group main effects, or time-by-group interactions, for the change in fat mass (personalized: −2.1 [95% CI -2.9, −1.4] kg; control: −2.0 [95% CI -2.7, −1.3] kg) and body weight (personalized: −3.1 [95% CI -4.1, −2.1] kg; control: −3.3 [95% CI −4.2, −2.4] kg). The difference between groups in fat mass change was −0.1 kg (95% CI −1.2, 0.9 kg, P = 0.77). Both diets resulted in significant improvements in insulin resistance and lipid profile, but there were no significant differences between groups. Personalized dietary plans did not result in greater benefits over a generic, but generally healthy diet, in this 10-week clinical trial. Further studies are required to establish the soundness of different precision nutrition approaches, and translate this science into clinically relevant dietary advice to reduce the burden of obesity and its comorbidities. ClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT04590989).
    Keywords blood pressure ; body mass index ; clinical nutrition ; clinical trials ; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; energy intake ; glucose ; healthy diet ; homeostasis ; insulin resistance ; lipid composition ; metabolomics ; obesity ; physical activity ; waist circumference ; weight loss
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Size p. 1834-1844.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 604812-2
    ISSN 1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
    ISSN (online) 1532-1983
    ISSN 0261-5614
    DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.032
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  10. Article ; Online: A double-blinded, randomized, parallel intervention to evaluate biomarker-based nutrition plans for weight loss: The PREVENTOMICS study.

    Aldubayan, Mona A / Pigsborg, Kristina / Gormsen, Sophia M O / Serra, Francisca / Palou, Mariona / Galmés, Sebastià / Palou-March, Andreu / Favari, Claudia / Wetzels, Mart / Calleja, Alberto / Rodríguez Gómez, Miguel Angel / Castellnou, María Guirro / Caimari, Antoni / Galofré, Mar / Suñol, David / Escoté, Xavier / Alcaide-Hidalgo, Juan María / M Del Bas, Josep / Gutierrez, Biotza /
    Krarup, Thure / Hjorth, Mads F / Magkos, Faidon

    Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

    2022  Volume 41, Issue 8, Page(s) 1834–1844

    Abstract: Background & aims: Growing evidence suggests that biomarker-guided dietary interventions can optimize response to treatment. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the PREVENTOMCIS platform-which uses metabolomic and genetic information to classify ...

    Abstract Background & aims: Growing evidence suggests that biomarker-guided dietary interventions can optimize response to treatment. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the PREVENTOMCIS platform-which uses metabolomic and genetic information to classify individuals into different 'metabolic clusters' and create personalized dietary plans-for improving health outcomes in subjects with overweight or obesity.
    Methods: A 10-week parallel, double-blinded, randomized intervention was conducted in 100 adults (82 completers) aged 18-65 years, with body mass index ≥27 but <40 kg/m
    Results: There were significant main effects of time (P < 0.01), but no group main effects, or time-by-group interactions, for the change in fat mass (personalized: -2.1 [95% CI -2.9, -1.4] kg; control: -2.0 [95% CI -2.7, -1.3] kg) and body weight (personalized: -3.1 [95% CI -4.1, -2.1] kg; control: -3.3 [95% CI -4.2, -2.4] kg). The difference between groups in fat mass change was -0.1 kg (95% CI -1.2, 0.9 kg, P = 0.77). Both diets resulted in significant improvements in insulin resistance and lipid profile, but there were no significant differences between groups.
    Conclusion: Personalized dietary plans did not result in greater benefits over a generic, but generally healthy diet, in this 10-week clinical trial. Further studies are required to establish the soundness of different precision nutrition approaches, and translate this science into clinically relevant dietary advice to reduce the burden of obesity and its comorbidities.
    Clinical trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT04590989).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Biomarkers ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Humans ; Lipids ; Obesity/therapy ; Overweight/therapy ; Weight Loss
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604812-2
    ISSN 1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
    ISSN (online) 1532-1983
    ISSN 0261-5614
    DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.032
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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