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  1. Article: Prevalence of Cryptococcal Antigen and Outcomes in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Honduras: A Cohort Study.

    Zuniga-Moya, Julio C / Romero-Reyes, Luis Enrique / Saavedra, Emilio Barrueto / Montoya, Sandra / Varela, Diana / Borjas, Mitchel / Cerna, Alicia / Bejarano, Suyapa / Martinez, Paola / Lujan, Karen / Erazo, Karen / Lainez, Isis / Pineda, Luisamaria / Yanes, David / O'Halloran, Jane A / Spec, Andrej

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) ofaa557

    Abstract: Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is a major cause of death among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) testing of asymptomatic patients is an important public health measure to reduce mortality in high-incidence ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is a major cause of death among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) testing of asymptomatic patients is an important public health measure to reduce mortality in high-incidence areas. However, limited data exist on CrAg prevalence in Central America.
    Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at the 2 largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics and hospitals in Honduras. Cryptococcal antigen in serum and cerebrospinal fluid was performed in individuals with HIV who had CD4 ≤100 cells/mm
    Results: A total of 220 PWH were tested for CrAg, 12.7% (n = 28) of which tested positive. Cryptococcal antigen prevalence was higher among hospitalized individuals in 40% (n = 10 of 25) of the cases. The proportion (35.8%) of individuals taking
    Conclusions: Cryptococcal antigen prevalence in Honduras was high among PWH. Moreover, individuals who tested positive for CrAg testing were at a higher risk of death. Systemic CrAg of PWH with a CD4 ≤100 cells/mm
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofaa557
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Impact of tobacco use on the development of opportunistic respiratory infections in HIV seropositive patients on antiretroviral therapy.

    Miguez-Burbano, Maria Jose / Burbano, Ximena / Ashkin, David / Pitchenik, Arthur / Allan, Rodriguez / Pineda, Luisamaria / Rodriguez, Noaris / Shor-Posner, Gail

    Addiction biology

    2003  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 39–43

    Abstract: The increased risk of developing lung diseases in cigarette smokers has been well recognized. The association between smoking and the risk of developing pulmonary infections in HIV-1-infected patients, however, which has not been established, was ... ...

    Abstract The increased risk of developing lung diseases in cigarette smokers has been well recognized. The association between smoking and the risk of developing pulmonary infections in HIV-1-infected patients, however, which has not been established, was evaluated in the present study. Twenty-seven cases with lower respiratory infections (15 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), 12 TB cases) were compared with 27 age, gender, socio-economic and HIV status-matched patients, without history of respiratory diseases. Medical history and physical examinations were obtained every 6 months. Blood was drawn for CD4 and viral load measurements. A substantial number of HIV + smokers who developed PCP (one-third) had been on highly active retroviral therapy (HAART) for more than 6 months and prophylaxis had been discontinued. Multivariate analyses indicated that in HIV-infected people, after controlling for HIV status and antiretrovirals, cigarette smoking doubled the risk for developing PCP (p = 0.01). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that long-term smoking also increased the risk (2 x) of developing tuberculosis (p = 0.04). Moreover, daily tobacco use seemed to attenuate by 40% the immune and virological response to antiretroviral therapies. These findings indicate that tobacco use significantly increases the risk of pulmonary diseases in HIV infected subjects and has a potential deleterious impact on antiretroviral treatment.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/etiology ; Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Female ; HIV Seropositivity/complications ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/etiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/etiology ; Viral Load
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1324314-7
    ISSN 1369-1600 ; 1355-6215
    ISSN (online) 1369-1600
    ISSN 1355-6215
    DOI 10.1080/1355621031000069864
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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