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  1. Article ; Online: A systematic review of performance-based assessment studies on cognitive biases in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and clinical high-risk states: A summary of 40 years of research.

    Gawęda, Łukasz / Kowalski, Joachim / Aleksandrowicz, Adrianna / Bagrowska, Paulina / Dąbkowska, Małgorzata / Pionke-Ubych, Renata

    Clinical psychology review

    2024  Volume 108, Page(s) 102391

    Abstract: Cognitive models of psychosis have stimulated empirical studies on cognitive biases involved in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and their symptoms. This systematic review aimed to summarize the studies on the role of cognitive biases as assessed in ... ...

    Abstract Cognitive models of psychosis have stimulated empirical studies on cognitive biases involved in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and their symptoms. This systematic review aimed to summarize the studies on the role of cognitive biases as assessed in different performance-based tasks in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and clinical high-risk states. We focused on five cognitive biases linked to psychosis, i.e., aberrant salience, attentional biases, source monitoring biases, jumping to conclusions, and bias against disconfirmatory evidence. We identified N = 324 studies published in N = 308 articles fulfilling inclusion criteria. Most studies have been cross-sectional and confirmed that the schizophrenia spectrum psychoses are related to exaggerated cognitive biases compared to healthy controls. On the contrary, less evidence suggests a higher tendency for cognitive biases in the UHR sample. The only exceptions were source monitoring and jumping to conclusions, which were confirmed to be exaggerated in both clinical groups. Hallucinations and delusions were the most frequent symptoms studied in the context of cognitive biases. Based on the findings, we presented a hypothetical model on the role of interactions between cognitive biases or additive effects of biases in shaping the risk of psychosis. Future research is warranted for further development of cognitive models for psychosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Cognition ; Bias
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604577-7
    ISSN 1873-7811 ; 0272-7358
    ISSN (online) 1873-7811
    ISSN 0272-7358
    DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102391
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Bridging the gap between body image and paranoia-like thoughts.

    Bagrowska, Paulina / Pionke-Ubych, Renata / Gawęda, Łukasz

    Journal of psychiatric research

    2022  Volume 156, Page(s) 660–667

    Abstract: A feeling of vulnerability is believed to be one of the foundations upon which paranoia is built. Factors that may increase vulnerability include negative affective states, low self-esteem and high social rejection sensitivity. Body image, which is one ... ...

    Abstract A feeling of vulnerability is believed to be one of the foundations upon which paranoia is built. Factors that may increase vulnerability include negative affective states, low self-esteem and high social rejection sensitivity. Body image, which is one aspect of the overall self-esteem, has recently been shown to be associated with paranoia. However, little is known about factors underlying this association. In this online study conducted on a non-clinical sample (n = 539, 65.5% of female), self-report data assessing paranoia-like thoughts, body image, self-esteem, negative emotions, rejection sensitivity as well as various attitudes and beliefs related to body appearance were collected. The results revealed a significant serial mediation effect of negative emotions, self-esteem and rejection sensitivity in the relationship between body image and paranoia-like thoughts. Parallel mediation analysis showed an effect of social criticism as the only one of four studied groups of beliefs related to body appearance in the relationship between paranoia-like thoughts and body image. Moreover, paranoia-like thoughts were increased in people who were not satisfied with their body, both as a result of feeling too thin and overweight. To conclude, body image is an important factor related to paranoia-like thoughts, through its association with increased vulnerability and negative general self-view. The findings highlight the importance of negative emotions, low self-esteem and high rejection sensitivity, as well as the role of critical comments and lack of perceived acceptance as potential (socially-focused) mechanisms paving the way from negative body image to paranoia-like thoughts.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Body Image ; Research Design ; Social Group ; Social Isolation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3148-3
    ISSN 1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
    ISSN (online) 1879-1379
    ISSN 0022-3956
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.061
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Do they make these sounds to hurt me? The mediating role of emotion regulation, anxiety and hostile attributions in the relationship between misophonia and paranoia-like thoughts.

    Bagrowska, Paulina / Pionke-Ubych, Renata / Gawęda, Łukasz

    Schizophrenia research

    2022  Volume 250, Page(s) 137–142

    Abstract: Misophonia is a complex syndrome in which selective auditory stimuli, such as sounds of breathing, sniffing or eating, trigger an intense, negative emotional response. Previous studies have shown that the symptoms of misophonia coexist with a number of ... ...

    Abstract Misophonia is a complex syndrome in which selective auditory stimuli, such as sounds of breathing, sniffing or eating, trigger an intense, negative emotional response. Previous studies have shown that the symptoms of misophonia coexist with a number of mental disorders, such as OCD, depression and anxiety. However, still little is known about other mental states that may be present in this context. A total of 312 people from the non-clinical sample participated in an online correlational study, which aimed at investigating whether there is a significant association between misophonia symptoms and paranoia-like thoughts, as well as to examine what factors might underlie this potential relationship. The results revealed that misophonia positively correlates with paranoia-like thoughts. A serial mediation analysis showed that difficulties in regulating emotions, anxiety and hostile attributions are significant mediators in the relationship between misophonia and paranoia-like thoughts. Importantly, these mediators, above all, form a potential coherent explanatory mechanism underlying this association. Hence, our results highlight the important role of socio-cognitive factors in the conceptualization of misophonia and its relation to paranoia-like thoughts.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639422-x
    ISSN 1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
    ISSN (online) 1573-2509
    ISSN 0920-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2022.11.005
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    Zs.MO 543: Show issues

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  4. Article ; Online: Assessing psychotic-like experiences using categorical and metacognitive approaches: A validation of polish self-report measures.

    Kowalski, Joachim / Szczypiński, Jan / Aleksandrowicz, Adrianna / Bagrowska, Paulina / Dąbkowska, Małgorzata / Pionke-Ubych, Renata / Gawęda, Łukasz

    Early intervention in psychiatry

    2024  

    Abstract: Aim: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are experiences in the general population that, in their extreme form, are attributed to clinical psychosis. They are correlated with general psychopathology and increased risk of developing psychosis. Previous ... ...

    Abstract Aim: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are experiences in the general population that, in their extreme form, are attributed to clinical psychosis. They are correlated with general psychopathology and increased risk of developing psychosis. Previous research show a multitude of measuring tools which most often lack psychometric validation. This study aimed to examine both categorical and metacognitive measures of PLEs.
    Methods: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used in seven online studies with n's ranging from 259 to 6772 to explore factor structures of Prodromal Questionnaire 16 item (PQ-16), Revised Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS), Multi-Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (MUSEQ), Beliefs about Paranoia Scale (BAPS) and Interpretation of Voices Inventory (IVI). Additionally, we explored measurement invariance between diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and undiagnosed individuals in PQ-16, R-GPTS and BAPS.
    Results: We confirmed the factor structures of all questionnaires except IVI. We confirmed configural, threshold and metric measurement invariance in R-GPTS and BAPS and partially PQ-16.
    Conclusions: The current results demonstrate structural validity and measurement invariance of several categorical and metacognitive measures of PLEs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2272425-4
    ISSN 1751-7893 ; 1751-7885
    ISSN (online) 1751-7893
    ISSN 1751-7885
    DOI 10.1111/eip.13504
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The mediating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between subjective sleep quality and paranoia-like thoughts.

    Bagrowska, Paulina / Pionke-Ubych, Renata / Majchrowicz, Kinga / Gawęda, Łukasz

    Journal of psychiatric research

    2021  Volume 145, Page(s) 132–136

    Abstract: Sleep quality has been found to play an important role in paranoia-like thoughts both in clinical and non-clinical populations. Previous studies have shown that the presence of negative emotional states can mediate the link between sleep and paranoia, ... ...

    Abstract Sleep quality has been found to play an important role in paranoia-like thoughts both in clinical and non-clinical populations. Previous studies have shown that the presence of negative emotional states can mediate the link between sleep and paranoia, however, their role in the linkage is still not entirely clear. Hence, our study aimed to investigate further the mediating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia-like thoughts on a relatively large Polish sample drawn from the general population. We collected questionnaire data assessing paranoia-like thoughts, sleep quality and quantity, and negative affect from 604 Polish adults. We performed the correlation analysis and examined the mediating role of negative emotions in the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia. The results revealed significant moderate relationships between sleep quality and paranoia-like thoughts, negative emotions and paranoia-like thoughts, as well as between negative emotions and sleep quality. A mediation model for the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia-like thoughts revealed a complementary mediation by negative affect. The findings contribute to understanding the interrelatedness between sleep quality, negative emotions, and paranoia-like thoughts, as well as emphasize the importance of negative affect in the relationship between sleep and paranoia. Future research is needed to determine other factors that contribute to understanding the linkage as well as to determine the cause and effect.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3148-3
    ISSN 1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
    ISSN (online) 1879-1379
    ISSN 0022-3956
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: The Indirect Effect of Trauma via Cognitive Biases and Self-Disturbances on Psychotic-Like Experiences.

    Pionke-Ubych, Renata / Frydecka, Dorota / Cechnicki, Andrzej / Nelson, Barnaby / Gawęda, Łukasz

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 611069

    Abstract: Although self-disturbances (SD) are considered to be a core psychopathological feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, there is still insufficient empirical data on the mechanisms underlying these anomalous self-experiences. The aim of the present ... ...

    Abstract Although self-disturbances (SD) are considered to be a core psychopathological feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, there is still insufficient empirical data on the mechanisms underlying these anomalous self-experiences. The aim of the present study was to test a hypothesized model in which cognitive biases and exposure to traumatic life events are related to the frequency of SD which, in turn, contribute to the frequency of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Our sample consisted of 193 Polish young adults from the general population (111 females; 18-35 years of age, M = 25.36, SD = 4.69) who experience frequent PLEs. Participants were interviewed for PLEs, SD and social functioning as well as completed self-reported questionnaires and behavioral tasks that measure cognitive biases (e.g., safety behaviors, attention to threat, external attribution, jumping to conclusion, source monitoring, overperceptualization). The model was tested using path analysis with structural equation modeling. All of the hypothesized relationships were statistically significant and our model fit the data well [χ
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.611069
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Integrating trauma, self-disturbances, cognitive biases, and personality into a model for the risk of psychosis: a longitudinal study in a non-clinical sample.

    Pionke-Ubych, Renata / Frydecka, Dorota / Cechnicki, Andrzej / Krężołek, Martyna / Nelson, Barnaby / Gawęda, Łukasz

    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience

    2021  Volume 272, Issue 6, Page(s) 1073–1085

    Abstract: The hypothesis of the psychosis continuum enables to study the mechanisms of psychosis risk not only in clinical samples but in non-clinical as well. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate self-disturbances (SD), a risk factor that has ... ...

    Abstract The hypothesis of the psychosis continuum enables to study the mechanisms of psychosis risk not only in clinical samples but in non-clinical as well. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate self-disturbances (SD), a risk factor that has attracted substantial interest over the last two decades, in combination with trauma, cognitive biases and personality, and to test whether SD are associated with subclinical positive symptoms (PS) over a 12-month follow-up period. Our study was conducted in a non-clinical sample of 139 Polish young adults (81 females, age M = 25.32, SD = 4.51) who were selected for frequent experience of subclinical PS. Participants completed self-report questionnaires for the evaluation of SD (IPASE), trauma (CECA.Q), cognitive biases (DACOBS) and personality (TCI), and were interviewed for subclinical PS (CAARMS). SD and subclinical PS were re-assessed 12 months after baseline measurement. The hypothesized model for psychosis risk was tested using path analysis. The change in SD and subclinical PS over the 12-month period was investigated with non-parametric equivalent of dependent sample t-tests. The models with self-transcendence (ST) and harm avoidance (HA) as personality variables were found to be well-fitted and explained 34% of the variance in subclinical PS at follow-up. Moreover, we found a significant reduction of SD and subclinical PS after 12 months. Our study suggests that combining trauma, cognitive biases, SD and personality traits such as ST and HA into one model can enhance our understanding of appearance as well as maintenance of subclinical PS.
    MeSH term(s) Bias ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Personality ; Psychotic Disorders/complications ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-02
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1045583-8
    ISSN 1433-8491 ; 0175-758X ; 0940-1334
    ISSN (online) 1433-8491
    ISSN 0175-758X ; 0940-1334
    DOI 10.1007/s00406-021-01355-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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