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Article ; Online: Defining the Cynomolgus Macaque (

Burke, Crystal W / Gardner, Christina L / Goodson, Aimee I / Piper, Ashley E / Erwin-Cohen, Rebecca A / White, Charles E / Glass, Pamela J

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 12

Abstract: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) outbreaks occur sporadically. Additionally, VEEV has a history of development as a biothreat agent. Yet, no FDA-approved vaccine or therapeutic exists for VEEV disease. The sporadic outbreaks present a ... ...

Abstract	Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) outbreaks occur sporadically. Additionally, VEEV has a history of development as a biothreat agent. Yet, no FDA-approved vaccine or therapeutic exists for VEEV disease. The sporadic outbreaks present a challenge for testing medical countermeasures (MCMs) in humans; therefore, well-defined animal models are needed for FDA Animal Rule licensure. The cynomolgus macaque (CM) model has been studied extensively at high challenge doses of the VEEV Trinidad donkey strain (>1.0 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Horses ; Humans ; Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine ; Macaca fascicularis ; Viremia/drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Viral Vaccines ; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine
Chemical Substances	Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15122351
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A small molecule inhibitor of MyD88 exhibits broad spectrum antiviral activity by up regulation of type I interferon.

Saikh, Kamal U / Morazzani, Elaine M / Piper, Ashley E / Bakken, Russell R / Glass, Pamela J

Antiviral research

2020 Volume 181, Page(s) 104854

Abstract: Recent studies highlight that infection with Coxsackievirus B3, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Marburg virus, or stimulation using poly I:C (dsRNA), upregulates the signaling adaptor protein MyD88 and impairs the host antiviral type I ... ...

Abstract	Recent studies highlight that infection with Coxsackievirus B3, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Marburg virus, or stimulation using poly I:C (dsRNA), upregulates the signaling adaptor protein MyD88 and impairs the host antiviral type I interferon (IFN) responses. In contrast, MyD88 deficiency (MyD88
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	306628-9
ISSN	1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
ISSN (online)	1872-9096
ISSN	0166-3542
DOI	10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104854
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Article ; Online: Modeling the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on skin, currency, and clothing.

Harbourt, David E / Haddow, Andrew D / Piper, Ashley E / Bloomfield, Holly / Kearney, Brian J / Fetterer, David / Gibson, Kathleen / Minogue, Timothy

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2020 Volume 14, Issue 11, Page(s) e0008831

Abstract: A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the winter of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread around the world. The extent and efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is far greater than previous coronaviruses that emerged in the 21st Century. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the winter of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread around the world. The extent and efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is far greater than previous coronaviruses that emerged in the 21st Century. Here, we modeled stability of SARS-CoV-2 on skin, paper currency, and clothing to determine if these surfaces may factor in the fomite transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Skin, currency, and clothing samples were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 under laboratory conditions and incubated at three different temperatures (4°C± 2°C, 22°C± 2°C, and 37°C ± 2°C). We evaluated stability at 0 hours (h), 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 72 h, 96 h, 7 days, and 14 days post-exposure. SARS-CoV-2 was stable on skin through the duration of the experiment at 4°C (14 days). Virus remained stable on skin for at least 96 h at 22°C and for at least 8h at 37°C. There were minimal differences between the tested currency samples. The virus remained stable on the $1 U.S.A. Bank Note for at least 96 h at 4°C while we did not detect viable virus on the $20 U.S.A. Bank Note samples beyond 72 h. The virus remained stable on both Bank Notes for at least 8 h at 22°C and 4 h at 37°C. Clothing samples were similar in stability to the currency. Viable virus remained for at least 96 h at 4°C and at least 4 h at 22°C. We did not detect viable virus on clothing samples at 37°C after initial exposure. This study confirms the inverse relationship between virus stability and temperature. Furthermore, virus stability on skin demonstrates the need for continued hand hygiene practices to minimize fomite transmission both in the general population as well as in workplaces where close contact is common.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Clothing ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Environmental Microbiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Skin/virology ; Surface Properties ; Temperature
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2727
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0008831
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Article ; Online: Biological Validation of a Chemical Effluent Decontamination System.

Cote, Christopher K / Weidner, Jessica M / Klimko, Christopher / Piper, Ashley E / Miller, Jeremy A / Hunter, Melissa / Shoe, Jennifer L / Hoover, Jennifer C / Sauerbry, Brian R / Buhr, Tony / Bozue, Joel A / Harbourt, David E / Glass, Pamela J

Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association

2021 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 23–32

Abstract: Introduction: ...

Abstract	Introduction:
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1246
ISSN (online)	2470-1246
DOI	10.1089/apb.21.937967
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Article ; Online: Modeling the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on skin, currency, and clothing

Harbourt, David E. / Haddow, Andrew D. / Piper, Ashley E. / Bloomfield, Holly / Kearney, Brian J. / Fetterer, David / Gibson, Kathleen / Minogue, Timothy

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

2020 Volume 14, Issue 11, Page(s) e0008831

Abstract	A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the winter of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread around the world. The extent and efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is far greater than previous coronaviruses that emerged in the 21 st Century. Here, we modeled stability of SARS-CoV-2 on skin, paper currency, and clothing to determine if these surfaces may factor in the fomite transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Skin, currency, and clothing samples were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 under laboratory conditions and incubated at three different temperatures (4°C± 2°C, 22°C± 2°C, and 37°C ± 2°C). We evaluated stability at 0 hours (h), 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 72 h, 96 h, 7 days, and 14 days post-exposure. SARS-CoV-2 was stable on skin through the duration of the experiment at 4°C (14 days). Virus remained stable on skin for at least 96 h at 22°C and for at least 8h at 37°C. There were minimal differences between the tested currency samples. The virus remained stable on the $1 U.S.A. Bank Note for at least 96 h at 4°C while we did not detect viable virus on the $20 U.S.A. Bank Note samples beyond 72 h. The virus remained stable on both Bank Notes for at least 8 h at 22°C and 4 h at 37°C. Clothing samples were similar in stability to the currency. Viable virus remained for at least 96 h at 4°C and at least 4 h at 22°C. We did not detect viable virus on clothing samples at 37°C after initial exposure. This study confirms the inverse relationship between virus stability and temperature. Furthermore, virus stability on skin demonstrates the need for continued hand hygiene practices to minimize fomite transmission both in the general population as well as in workplaces where close contact is common.
Keywords	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2727
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0008831
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Modeling the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on skin, currency, and clothing

Harbourt, David E / Haddow, Andrew D / Piper, Ashley E / Bloomfield, Holly / Kearney, Brian J / Fetterer, David / Gibson, Kathleen / Minogue, Timothy

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Abstract	A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the winter of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread around the world. The extent and efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is far greater than previous coronaviruses that emerged in the 21st Century. Here, we modeled stability of SARS-CoV-2 on skin, paper currency, and clothing to determine if these surfaces may factor in the fomite transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Skin, currency, and clothing samples were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 under laboratory conditions and incubated at three different temperatures (4°C± 2°C, 22°C± 2°C, and 37°C ± 2°C). We evaluated stability at 0 hours (h), 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 72 h, 96 h, 7 days, and 14 days post-exposure. SARS-CoV-2 was stable on skin through the duration of the experiment at 4°C (14 days). Virus remained stable on skin for at least 96 h at 22°C and for at least 8h at 37°C. There were minimal differences between the tested currency samples. The virus remained stable on the $1 U.S.A. Bank Note for at least 96 h at 4°C while we did not detect viable virus on the $20 U.S.A. Bank Note samples beyond 72 h. The virus remained stable on both Bank Notes for at least 8 h at 22°C and 4 h at 37°C. Clothing samples were similar in stability to the currency. Viable virus remained for at least 96 h at 4°C and at least 4 h at 22°C. We did not detect viable virus on clothing samples at 37°C after initial exposure. This study confirms the inverse relationship between virus stability and temperature. Furthermore, virus stability on skin demonstrates the need for continued hand hygiene practices to minimize fomite transmission both in the general population as well as in workplaces where close contact is common.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #917978
Database	COVID19

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Article: The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation.

Raabe, Vanessa / Lai, Lilin / Xu, Yong / Huerta, Chris / Wang, Dongli / Pouch, Stephanie M / Burke, Crystal W / Piper, Ashley E / Gardner, Christina L / Glass, Pamela J / Mulligan, Mark J

Frontiers in microbiology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 561530

Abstract: The human immune response to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infection is poorly characterized due to the rarity of infection. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response to EEEV acquired from an infected donor via liver transplantation. ...

Abstract	The human immune response to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infection is poorly characterized due to the rarity of infection. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response to EEEV acquired from an infected donor via liver transplantation. Both binding and highly neutralizing antibodies to EEEV as well as a robust EEEV-specific IgG memory B cell response were generated. Despite triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy, a virus-specific CD4+ T cell response, predominated by interferon-γ production, was generated. T cell epitopes on the E2 envelope protein were identified by interferon-γ ELISpot. Although these results are from a single person who acquired EEEV by a non-traditional mechanism, to our knowledge this work represents the first analysis of the human cellular immune response to EEEV.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2020.561530
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Article ; Online: Complete Coding Sequence of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Strain Fleming, Isolated from a Human Case.

Burke, Crystal W / Wiley, Michael R / Beitzel, Brett F / Gardner, Christina L / Huang, Yan-Jang / Piper, Ashley E / Vanlandingham, Dana L / Higgs, Stephen / Palacios, Gustavo / Glass, Pamela J

Microbiology resource announcements

2020 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: We sequenced the complete coding genome of the western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) strain Fleming. This strain was originally isolated in 1938 from a human WEEV case. ...

Abstract	We sequenced the complete coding genome of the western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) strain Fleming. This strain was originally isolated in 1938 from a human WEEV case.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2576-098X
ISSN (online)	2576-098X
DOI	10.1128/MRA.01223-19
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Article: Asymmetric and non-stoichiometric glycoprotein recognition by two distinct antibodies results in broad protection against ebolaviruses

Milligan, Jacob C. / Davis, Carl W. / Yu, Xiaoying / Ilinykh, Philipp A. / Huang, Kai / Halfmann, Peter J. / Cross, Robert W. / Borisevich, Viktoriya / Agans, Krystle N. / Geisbert, Joan B. / Chennareddy, Chakravarthy / Goff, Arthur J. / Piper, Ashley E. / Hui, Sean / Shaffer, Kelly C.L. / Buck, Tierra / Heinrich, Megan L. / Branco, Luis M. / Crozier, Ian /

Holbrook, Michael R. / Kuhn, Jens H. / Kawaoka, Yoshihiro / Glass, Pamela J. / Bukreyev, Alexander / Geisbert, Thomas W. / Worwa, Gabriella / Ahmed, Rafi / Saphire, Erica Ollmann

Elsevier Inc. Cell. 2022 Mar. 17, v. 185, no. 6

2022

Abstract: Several ebolaviruses cause outbreaks of severe disease. Vaccines and monoclonal antibody cocktails are available to treat Ebola virus (EBOV) infections, but not Sudan virus (SUDV) or other ebolaviruses. Current cocktails contain antibodies that cross- ... ...

Abstract	Several ebolaviruses cause outbreaks of severe disease. Vaccines and monoclonal antibody cocktails are available to treat Ebola virus (EBOV) infections, but not Sudan virus (SUDV) or other ebolaviruses. Current cocktails contain antibodies that cross-react with the secreted soluble glycoprotein (sGP) that absorbs virus-neutralizing antibodies. By sorting memory B cells from EBOV infection survivors, we isolated two broadly reactive anti-GP monoclonal antibodies, 1C3 and 1C11, that potently neutralize, protect rodents from disease, and lack sGP cross-reactivity. Both antibodies recognize quaternary epitopes in trimeric ebolavirus GP. 1C11 bridges adjacent protomers via the fusion loop. 1C3 has a tripartite epitope in the center of the trimer apex. One 1C3 antigen-binding fragment anchors simultaneously to the three receptor-binding sites in the GP trimer, and separate 1C3 paratope regions interact differently with identical residues on the three protomers. A cocktail of both antibodies completely protected nonhuman primates from EBOV and SUDV infections, indicating their potential clinical value.
Keywords	Ebolavirus ; antibody binding sites ; cross reaction ; disease severity ; epitopes ; glycoproteins ; memory ; monoclonal antibodies ; protein subunits ; viruses ; Sudan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0317
Size	p. 995-1007.e18.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	187009-9
ISSN	1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
ISSN (online)	1097-4172
ISSN	0092-8674
DOI	10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.023
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Asymmetric and non-stoichiometric glycoprotein recognition by two distinct antibodies results in broad protection against ebolaviruses.

Milligan, Jacob C / Davis, Carl W / Yu, Xiaoying / Ilinykh, Philipp A / Huang, Kai / Halfmann, Peter J / Cross, Robert W / Borisevich, Viktoriya / Agans, Krystle N / Geisbert, Joan B / Chennareddy, Chakravarthy / Goff, Arthur J / Piper, Ashley E / Hui, Sean / Shaffer, Kelly C L / Buck, Tierra / Heinrich, Megan L / Branco, Luis M / Crozier, Ian /

Holbrook, Michael R / Kuhn, Jens H / Kawaoka, Yoshihiro / Glass, Pamela J / Bukreyev, Alexander / Geisbert, Thomas W / Worwa, Gabriella / Ahmed, Rafi / Saphire, Erica Ollmann

Cell

2022 Volume 185, Issue 6, Page(s) 995–1007.e18

Abstract	Several ebolaviruses cause outbreaks of severe disease. Vaccines and monoclonal antibody cocktails are available to treat Ebola virus (EBOV) infections, but not Sudan virus (SUDV) or other ebolaviruses. Current cocktails contain antibodies that cross-react with the secreted soluble glycoprotein (sGP) that absorbs virus-neutralizing antibodies. By sorting memory B cells from EBOV infection survivors, we isolated two broadly reactive anti-GP monoclonal antibodies, 1C3 and 1C11, that potently neutralize, protect rodents from disease, and lack sGP cross-reactivity. Both antibodies recognize quaternary epitopes in trimeric ebolavirus GP. 1C11 bridges adjacent protomers via the fusion loop. 1C3 has a tripartite epitope in the center of the trimer apex. One 1C3 antigen-binding fragment anchors simultaneously to the three receptor-binding sites in the GP trimer, and separate 1C3 paratope regions interact differently with identical residues on the three protomers. A cocktail of both antibodies completely protected nonhuman primates from EBOV and SUDV infections, indicating their potential clinical value.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Ebolavirus ; Epitopes ; Glycoproteins/chemistry ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; Protein Subunits
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Epitopes ; Glycoproteins ; Protein Subunits
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	187009-9
ISSN	1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
ISSN (online)	1097-4172
ISSN	0092-8674
DOI	10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.023
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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