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Book ; Online: Untersuchung der Gewitteraktivität und der relevanten großräumigen Steuerungsmechanismen über Mittel- und Westeuropa

Piper, David Amos

2017

Abstract: Thunderstorm activity is characterized by a pronounced spatiotemporal variability. For several countries in Europe, this variability is analyzed and attributed to large-scale drivers using multivariate statistical methods. The analysis of atmospheric ... ...

Abstract	Thunderstorm activity is characterized by a pronounced spatiotemporal variability. For several countries in Europe, this variability is analyzed and attributed to large-scale drivers using multivariate statistical methods. The analysis of atmospheric teleconnections reveals a link between the long-term behavior of thunderstorm activity and natural climate variability
Keywords	Geodesy
Size	1 electronic resource (VI, 298 p. p.)
Publisher	KIT Scientific Publishing
Publishing place	Verlagsort nicht ermittelbar
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	GERMAN ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT020196845
ISBN	9783731507017 ; 3731507013
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Impact of Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age on the Labrador Current flow speed and the AMOC reconstructed by the sediment dynamics and biomarker proxies

Rashid, Harunur / Zhang, Zhaowu / Piper, David J.W. / Patro, Ranjan / Xu, Yunping

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2023 June, v. 620 p.111558-

2023

Abstract: It is widely accepted that the changes in freshwater transport into the Labrador Sea occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA), which were instrumental in modifying the climate surrounding the North Atlantic. However, ... ...

Abstract	It is widely accepted that the changes in freshwater transport into the Labrador Sea occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA), which were instrumental in modifying the climate surrounding the North Atlantic. However, the extent to which paleo proxies accurately reflect freshwater transport is poorly known due simply to lack of data. This study provides the first direct proxy record of freshwater supply by the sediment dynamics sortable silt proxy for the past 1.45 ka. A sediment core MO2009061–0217 (46.387°N, 46.742°W) retrieved off the SE Grand Banks along the flow path of the Labrador Current was used to determine the sortable silt and extract lipid biomarkers. The sortable silt data were converted to current speed (cm/s), which suggests that the Labrador Current was weak during the MCA and most vigorous during the LIA. One concurrent water column temperature proxy, namely TEX₈₆ based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), shows that the outer Labrador Current water was cooler during the LIA than the MCA. In contrast, the converse temperature changes were recorded along the inner Labrador Current, where temperature change was slight. Our data are placed with a few high-resolution (i.e., multi-decadal) published temperature data to reflect broader changes in the subpolar northwestern Atlantic. The temperature variations on the SE Grand Banks are analogous to those between northern Iceland and Greenland shelves over this period and reflect changes in the subpolar gyre geometry of the North Atlantic. We hypothesize that the heterogenous temperatures coupled to changes in the Labrador Current flow speed were modulated by subpolar ocean currents on the SE Grand Banks.
Keywords	biomarkers ; climate ; freshwater ; geometry ; glycerol ; lipids ; palaeogeography ; paleoclimatology ; paleoecology ; silt ; temperature ; Greenland ; Iceland ; Sortable silt ; Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) ; Medieval Climate Anomaly ; Little Ice Age ; Labrador Current
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	417718-6
ISSN	0031-0182
ISSN	0031-0182
DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111558
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online ; Thesis: Untersuchung der Gewitteraktivität und der relevanten großräumigen Steuerungsmechanismen über Mittel- und Westeuropa

Piper, David Amos [Verfasser]

2017

Author's details	David Amos Piper
Keywords	Geowissenschaften ; Earth Sciences
Subject code	sg550
Language	German
Publisher	KIT Scientific Publishing
Publishing place	Karlsruhe
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
ISBN	978-3-7315-0701-7 ; 3-7315-0701-3
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Article: Southmedic OxyMask(TM) compared with the Hudson RCI(®) Non-Rebreather Mask(TM): Safety and performance comparison.

Lamb, Keith / Piper, David

Canadian journal of respiratory therapy : CJRT = Revue canadienne de la therapie respiratoire : RCTR

2016 Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–15

Abstract: Background: The non-rebreather mask (NRBM) is used for many applications and in many patient care scenarios in which hypoxemia and resultant hypoxia are a concern. The NRBM is a low-flow oxygen delivery system that is easily deployed and capable of ... ...

Abstract	Background: The non-rebreather mask (NRBM) is used for many applications and in many patient care scenarios in which hypoxemia and resultant hypoxia are a concern. The NRBM is a low-flow oxygen delivery system that is easily deployed and capable of delivering a relatively high fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2).The potential for ineffective carbon dioxide (CO2) removal at low flow rates is a safety concern. Objective: The authors hypothesized that the use of an OxyMask (Southmedic Inc, Canada) would mitigate these safety concerns while still delivering a relatively high FiO2. Methods: Bench studies were performed in a third-party laboratory by qualified engineers (Piper Medical, USA). A Harvard Respirator Pump (Harvard Apparatus, USA), oxygen source, CO2 source and a mannequin head were used to simulate varying respiratory conditions. End tidal CO2 (EtCO2), FiO2, fraction of inspired CO2 and percent drop in CO2 in the first second of exhalation were measured at different mask flow rates and respiratory rates. There were two categories of flow rates: high-flow (15 L/min) and low-flow (2 L/min). In each flow group, the above parameters were measured using a tidal volume of 400 mL, inspiratory/expiratory ratio of 1:2, EtCO2 of 5% and a breathing frequency of 15, 20 or 24 breaths/min. Mask performance measurements were obtained and compared. Conclusion: The OxyMask outperformed the traditional NRBM in each tested category. There was a higher inspired oxygen level, lower inspired CO2 level, and more efficient CO2 clearance at each mask flow level and simulated patient minute volume. This was especially true during conditions in which there were very low mask flow rates.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-08
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1377251-x
ISSN	1205-9838
ISSN	1205-9838
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Spatiotemporal variability of lightning activity in Europe and the relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation teleconnection pattern

Piper, David / Kunz, Michael

eISSN: 1684-9981

2018

Abstract: Comprehensive lightning statistics are presented for a large, contiguous domain covering several European countries such as France, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Spatiotemporal variability of convective activity is investigated based on a 14-year ... ...

Abstract	Comprehensive lightning statistics are presented for a large, contiguous domain covering several European countries such as France, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Spatiotemporal variability of convective activity is investigated based on a 14-year time series (2001–2014) of lightning data. Based on the binary variable thunderstorm day, the mean spatial patterns of lightning activity and regional peculiarities regarding seasonality are discussed. Diurnal cycles are compared among several regions and evaluated with respect to major seasonal changes. Further analyses are performed regarding interannual variability and the impact of teleconnection patterns on convection. Mean convective activity across central Europe is characterized by a strong northwest-to-southeast gradient with pronounced secondary features superimposed. The zone of maximum values of thunderstorm days propagates southwestward along the southern Alpine range from April to July. Diurnal cycles vary substantially between both different months and regions, particularly regarding the incidence of nighttime lightning. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is shown to have a significant impact on convective activity in several regions, which is primarily caused by variations of the large-scale lifting pattern in both NAO phases. This dynamical effect is partly compensated for by thermodynamical modifications of the pre-convective environment. The results point to a crucial role of large-scale flow in steering the spatiotemporal patterns of convective activity.
Subject code	550 ; 551
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-27
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Spatio-temporal variability of lightning activity in Europe and the relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation teleconnection pattern

Piper, David / Kunz, Michael

eISSN: 1684-9981

2017

Abstract: Comprehensive lightning statistics are presented for a large, contiguous domain covering several European countries such as France, Germany, Austria, or Switzerland. Spatio-temporal variability of convective activity is investigated based on a 14-year ... ...

Abstract	Comprehensive lightning statistics are presented for a large, contiguous domain covering several European countries such as France, Germany, Austria, or Switzerland. Spatio-temporal variability of convective activity is investigated based on a 14-year time series (2001–2014) of lightning data. Based on the binary variable thunderstorm day, the mean spatial patterns of lightning activity and regional peculiarities regarding seasonality are discussed. Diurnal cycles are compared among several regions and evaluated with respect to major seasonal changes. Further analyzes are performed regarding interannual variability and the impact of teleconnection patterns on convection. Mean convective activity across central Europe is characterized by a strong northwest-to-southeast gradient with pronounced secondary features superimposed. The zone of maximum values of thunderstorm days propagates southwestward along the southern Alpine range from April to July. Diurnal cycles vary substantially both between different months and regions, particularly regarding the incidence of nighttime lightning. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is shown to have a significant impact on convective activity in several regions, pointing to a crucial role of large-scale flow in steering spatio-temporal patterns of convective activity.
Subject code	551 ; 550
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-26
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Reliability and differences between the classic and the impulse model of isometric testing in function of maximal and explosive strength

Dopsaj Milivoj / Klisarić Dragan / Kapeleti Marko / Ubović Miloš / Rebić Nemanja / Piper David / Trikoš Bogdan / Stančić Damjan / Samardžić Nemanja / Rajkovac Aleksandar / Nikolić David / Nikolić Milan / Vasiljević Marko / Božović Branislav

Fizička Kultura, Vol 76, Iss 1, Pp 37-

Pilot research

2022 Volume 46

Abstract: The evaluation of maximal and explosive strength with isometric testing has a significant role in scientific and training practice, from which can be drawn needed information about the segment of the physical state of athletes. The aim of this research ... ...

Abstract	The evaluation of maximal and explosive strength with isometric testing has a significant role in scientific and training practice, from which can be drawn needed information about the segment of the physical state of athletes. The aim of this research was to examine the reliability of the impulse model of isometric testing and to determine the quantitative differences in maximal and explosive strength in accordance to the classic and the impulse model of isometric testing. The laboratory method with tensiometric dynamometry was applied. The research was conducted on a sample of 28 adult and physically active participants. Tests for plantar flexors (PF), right handgrip (HGR), and left handgrip (HGL) were implemented, and all participants had three attempts for each test. Four variables were measured: maximal strength - Fmax, maximal explosive strength - RFDmax, time for maximal strength exertion - tFmax, time for maximal explosive strength exertion - tRFDmax for both models of testing for each test, implementing a standardized testing procedure. Performed data analysis included descriptive and correlation statistics, and a t-test for determining differences for dependent samples. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between Fmax,RFDmax, tFmax and tRFDmax in PF, HGR and HGL, except for tRFDmax between classic and impulse models of testing. Impulse model has excellent reliability (ICC = 0.909 - 0.989) for PF, HGR, and HGL tests. The initial results of this study implicate approval for correction of the isometric testing procedure in the next direction: for measuring maximal strength it is approved to use the classic model of isometric testing, while for measuring explosive strength it is approved to use the impulse model.
Keywords	differences /testing ; measuring models ; contractile abilities ; Recreation. Leisure ; GV1-1860
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A Massive Slump on the St. Pierre Slope, A New Perspective on the 1929 Grand Banks Submarine Landslide

Schulten, Irena / Mosher, David C. / Piper, David J. W. / Krastel, Sebastian

Journal of geophysical research. 2019 Aug., v. 124, no. 8

2019

Abstract: The 1929 Grand Banks submarine landslide on the southwestern Grand Banks of Newfoundland was triggered by a Mw 7.2 strike‐slip earthquake. It is the first studied example of a submarine mass movement known to have caused a turbidity current and tsunami. ... ...

Abstract	The 1929 Grand Banks submarine landslide on the southwestern Grand Banks of Newfoundland was triggered by a Mw 7.2 strike‐slip earthquake. It is the first studied example of a submarine mass movement known to have caused a turbidity current and tsunami. The event resulted in 28 casualties and caused severe economic damage. The St. Pierre Slope is the main source area for the sediment failure. It contains translational and probable retrogressive surficial failures (<25 m); the majority of which lie in >1,700‐m water depth. These observations contradict what might be expected for a tsunamigenic event; thus, the objective of this study is to look for other potential causal mechanisms. A comprehensive analysis of 2‐D seismic reflection data of various resolutions and multibeam bathymetry allowed mapping of new stratigraphic and structural features. Numerous, low‐angle (~17°) faults are present throughout the Quaternary section of the St. Pierre Slope that are associated with seafloor escarpments (750‐ to 2,000‐m water depth). These faults have up to 100‐m high displacement and are interpreted as part of a massive (~560 km³), complex slump. There are multiple décollements (250‐ and 400‐ to 550‐m below seafloor) within this slump and there is indication for slumping in at least two directions. Evidence suggests slumping as a result of the 1929 earthquake occurred along these faults, with ~100‐m seafloor displacement in places. The 1929 submarine landslide therefore involved two failure mechanisms: massive slumping (~500‐m thick) and consequent widespread, surficial (<25 m) sediment failure. Both failure mechanisms likely contributed to tsunami generation.
Keywords	earthquakes ; geophysics ; landslides ; research ; sediments ; tsunamis ; turbidity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-08
Size	p. 7538-7561.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN	2169-9313
DOI	10.1029/2018JB017066
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Earthquake-triggered landslides and mudflows: Was this the wave that engulfed Ancient Helike?

Koukouvelas, Ioannis K / Piper, David JW / Katsonopoulou, Dora / Kontopoulos, Nikolaos / Verroios, Sotirios / Nikolakopoulos, Konstantinos / Zygouri, Vasiliki

Holocene. 2020 Dec., v. 30, no. 12

2020

Abstract: The destruction of Ancient Helike in 373 BC as reported by ancient Greek and Roman writers is inconsistent with modern evidence on the geological context. The classical view of a strong earthquake, similar to the 1817 M = 6.6 earthquake and followed by a ...

Abstract	The destruction of Ancient Helike in 373 BC as reported by ancient Greek and Roman writers is inconsistent with modern evidence on the geological context. The classical view of a strong earthquake, similar to the 1817 M = 6.6 earthquake and followed by a giant tsunami wave that permanently inundated the ruined city does not stand up to modern scrutiny. Evidence for co-seismic slip on the Helike Fault at that time and for a corresponding tsunami have already been shown to be lacking, and the archaeological evidence shows that part of the site was reoccupied within 40 years. New observations on outcrops, excavated sites, and boreholes show that at least two mudflow deposits several metres thick of slightly gravelly mud overlie 4th c. BC archaeological remains on the Katourlas fan. Upstream, landslides are common in the 4 km² river basin and could have dammed the ephemeral Katourlas River. Relics of this dam are still recognised in the riverbed as a knickpoint. Temporary damming of rivers by earthquake-triggered landslides is a common phenomenon in northern Peloponnese. The destruction of Ancient Helike appears to have been a localised non-linear cascading series of disasters, with a strong earthquake followed by a destructive mudflow generated by breaching of a landslide-dammed lake in the Katourlas basin. Historical records of flooding from the west may record another landslide dam followed by a more watery flood in the Selinous River. We propose that it was mudflows and floods from inland rather than a tsunami from the sea that contributed to the final destruction of Helike.
Keywords	Holocene epoch ; archaeology ; basins ; earthquakes ; lakes ; landslides ; mud flows ; rivers ; stream channels ; tsunamis ; watersheds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 1653-1668.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2027956-5
ISSN	1477-0911 ; 0959-6836
ISSN (online)	1477-0911
ISSN	0959-6836
DOI	10.1177/0959683620950389
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Soft-sediment deformation structures in alkaline lake deposits of Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation, Junggar Basin, NW China: Implications for syn-sedimentary tectonic activity

Tang, Wenbin / Zhang, Yuanyuan / Pe-Piper, Georgia / Piper, David J.W / Guo, Zhaojie / Li, Wei

Elsevier B.V. Sedimentary geology. 2020 Aug., v. 406

2020

Abstract: Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are an important tool for interpreting paleoseismicity and depositional environments in ancient basin successions. The northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is a key region for understanding the paleogeography ... ...

Abstract	Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are an important tool for interpreting paleoseismicity and depositional environments in ancient basin successions. The northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is a key region for understanding the paleogeography and basin attribute of the Junggar Basin during the early Permian. In the Lower Permian (Kungurian) Fengcheng Formation, nine lithofacies are grouped into fan delta, fluvial delta, and shallow, deep and alkaline lacustrine facies associations. Vertical transitions of the sedimentary environments show that the lake basin experienced expansion during deposition of the Lower (P₁f₁) and Middle (P₁f₂) members and the shrinkage during the Upper Member (P₁f₃), which is consistent with the paleogeographic distribution of lithofacies in different members. Conventional cores show a wide variety of SSDS, including ductile (folds, convolute lamination, and load structures), hybrid ductile-brittle, and brittle deformation structures (microfaults, breccias, boudinage and sedimentary dikes). SSDS mainly occurred in a still and deep lacustrine environment. These deformation structures were not formed in any specific lacustrine environment, as there is no difference with the undeformed sedimentary units of the same sedimentary facies. Thus, the triggering mechanism is interpreted as intermittent earthquakes. Lake expansion under arid condition and SSDS intervals with vertical repetition and possible lateral continuity indicate that most seismicity was during the Middle Member (P₁f₂), corresponding with the main activity on basin-bounding normal faults. The enhanced faulting at this time generated accommodation, creating lacustrine conditions in the basin depocenter. It is thus clear that the early Permian Mahu sag represents an active rift basin with bounding faults, and is not a foreland basin.
Keywords	Kungurian age ; basins ; brittleness ; deformation ; dry environmental conditions ; earthquakes ; lakes ; palaeogeography ; tectonics ; watersheds ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-08
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216739-6
ISSN	0037-0738
ISSN	0037-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105719
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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