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  1. Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "How do biases in sex ratio and disease characteristics affect the spread of sexually transmitted infections?" [J. Theor. Biol. 527 (2021) 110832].

    Halimubieke, Naerhulan / Pirrie, Alistair / Székely, Tamás / Ashby, Ben

    Journal of theoretical biology

    2023  Volume 571, Page(s) 111545

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2972-5
    ISSN 1095-8541 ; 0022-5193
    ISSN (online) 1095-8541
    ISSN 0022-5193
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111545
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 923: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Does differential mortality after parental investment affect sex ratio evolution? No.

    Pirrie, Alistair / Ashby, Ben

    Evolution; international journal of organic evolution

    2021  Volume 75, Issue 12, Page(s) 3175–3180

    Abstract: The classical view of sex ratio evolution, popularized by R. A. Fisher, is that the sex ratio at birth should be equal when males and females require the same level of parental investment. Thus, although differences in mortality between the sexes during ... ...

    Abstract The classical view of sex ratio evolution, popularized by R. A. Fisher, is that the sex ratio at birth should be equal when males and females require the same level of parental investment. Thus, although differences in mortality between the sexes during parental investment will cause deviations from an equal sex ratio at birth, differential mortality after parental investment should have no effect. However, a recent theoretical model appears to contradict this view, suggesting that differential mortality after the period of parental investment does cause deviations from an equal sex ratio at birth. Moreover, the life stage at which mortality differs (juvenile vs. adult) is predicted to cause contrasting effects on sex ratio evolution. These results are in stark contrast with Fisher's hypothesis. Here, we resolve this disparity by analyzing a stage- and sex- structured model of population dynamics. We find that selection always drives the population to an equal sex ratio at birth regardless of differential mortality effects after parental investment, thus confirming Fisher's hypothesis. The disparity appears to be due to incorrect accounting of mutant-resident unions, which we avoid by considering separate union classes for different types of mutant-resident unions.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parturition ; Population Dynamics ; Pregnancy ; Sex Ratio
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2036375-8
    ISSN 1558-5646 ; 0014-3820
    ISSN (online) 1558-5646
    ISSN 0014-3820
    DOI 10.1111/evo.14374
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: How do biases in sex ratio and disease characteristics affect the spread of sexually transmitted infections?

    Halimubieke, Naerhulan / Pirrie, Alistair / Székely, Tamás / Ashby, Ben

    Journal of theoretical biology

    2021  Volume 527, Page(s) 110832

    Abstract: The epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is inherently linked to host mating dynamics. Studies across many taxa show that adult sex ratio, a major determinant of host mating dynamics, is often skewed - sometimes strongly - toward males ... ...

    Abstract The epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is inherently linked to host mating dynamics. Studies across many taxa show that adult sex ratio, a major determinant of host mating dynamics, is often skewed - sometimes strongly - toward males or females. However, few predictions exist for the effects of skewed sex ratio on STI epidemiology, and none when coupled with sex biased disease characteristics. Here we use mathematical modelling to examine how interactions between sex ratio and disease characteristics affect STI prevalence in males and females. Notably, we find that while overall disease prevalence peaks at equal sex ratios, prevalence per sex peaks at skewed sex ratios. Furthermore, disease characteristics, sex-biased or not, drive predictable differences in male and female STI prevalence as sex ratio varies, with higher transmission and lower virulence generally increasing differences between the sexes for a given sex ratio. Our work reveals new insights into how STI prevalence in males and females depends on a complex interaction between host population sex ratio and disease characteristics.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Bias ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sex Ratio ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2972-5
    ISSN 1095-8541 ; 0022-5193
    ISSN (online) 1095-8541
    ISSN 0022-5193
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110832
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  4. Article ; Online: Composition and abundance of particles present on "powder-free" examination gloves.

    Pirrie, Duncan / Pirrie, Alistair R

    Forensic science international

    2017  Volume 279, Page(s) 148–156

    Abstract: Seven widely available brands of powder free nitrile gloves, commonly used in forensic laboratories during the handling of exhibits were examined. Samples were collected from the outer surfaces of the gloves and the particle types present were ... ...

    Abstract Seven widely available brands of powder free nitrile gloves, commonly used in forensic laboratories during the handling of exhibits were examined. Samples were collected from the outer surfaces of the gloves and the particle types present were characterised using automated mineral analysis. Particles less than 10μm in diameter are abundant on the surface of all of the gloves examined. Although the particles are dominated by common compounds/minerals (e.g. calcite, gypsum, NaCl, Fe oxides/carbonates, Al oxides, quartz, plagioclase, kaolinite) each glove brand analysed has a distinct population of particles present which allows the samples to be differentiated from each other. These particle types may be transferred from the gloves to exhibits during handling. In addition, these distinct populations of particles may be transferred to anyone wearing powder free nitrile gloves.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.08.019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Electrohydrodynamic comminution: a novel technique for the aerosolisation of plasmid DNA.

    Davies, Lee A / Hannavy, Kevin / Davies, Neville / Pirrie, Alistair / Coffee, Ronald A / Hyde, Stephen C / Gill, Deborah R

    Pharmaceutical research

    2005  Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) 1294–1304

    Abstract: Purpose: Naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) is a potential gene transfer agent for lung gene therapies but cannot be aerosolised without degradation using conventional nebulisation devices. This study investigated the viability of an alternative nebulisation ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) is a potential gene transfer agent for lung gene therapies but cannot be aerosolised without degradation using conventional nebulisation devices. This study investigated the viability of an alternative nebulisation technique, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) comminution for the aerosol delivery of naked DNA in vivo.
    Methods: Naked pDNA was aerosolised using jet and ultrasonic nebulisers, and by EHD comminution. Degradation associated with the aerosolisation process was investigated using gel electrophoresis and by transfection studies in cell culture. Optimised formulations for EHD aerosolisation of pDNA were developed and in vivo deposition and reporter gene expression were investigated in mice.
    Results: Unlike conventional nebulisation devices, EHD comminution of plasmids up to 15 kb in size resulted in no detectable pDNA degradation. EHD formulations containing up to 1 mg/ml pDNA were developed and shown to produce monodisperse aerosols suitable for targeted lung delivery in humans. Aerosolisation studies in vivo demonstrated detectable levels of pDNA deposition and measurable luciferase reporter gene expression in the lungs of exposed mice.
    Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that respirable aerosols of naked pDNA can be generated without plasmid degradation and that EHD comminution is an appropriate technique for the aerosolisation of delicate gene transfer agents.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; DNA/chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Female ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Lung/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Conformation ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Plasmids/chemistry ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 843063-9
    ISSN 1573-904X ; 0724-8741 ; 0739-0742
    ISSN (online) 1573-904X
    ISSN 0724-8741 ; 0739-0742
    DOI 10.1007/s11095-005-5268-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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