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Article ; Online: Re: Kryvenko et al.: Prostate-specific Antigen Mass Density - A Measure Predicting Prostate Cancer Volume and Accounting for Overweight and Obesity-related Prostate-specific Antigen Hemodilution (Urology, 2016;90:141-147).

Pishgar, Farhad

2016 Volume 90, Page(s) 228–229

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Obesity/blood ; Overweight/blood ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms/blood
Chemical Substances	Prostate-Specific Antigen (EC 3.4.21.77)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	192062-5
ISSN	1527-9995 ; 0090-4295
ISSN (online)	1527-9995
ISSN	0090-4295
DOI	10.1016/j.urology.2016.01.013
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Zs.A 1142: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 275: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Looking to the Future: Maximizing the Intern Year.

Gomez, Christian J / Sailer, Anne / Pishgar, Farhad / Wheeler, C Austin / Avalos, Fernanda

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

2024 Volume 44, Issue 4, Page(s) e230229

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Clinical Competence
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	603172-9
ISSN	1527-1323 ; 0271-5333
ISSN (online)	1527-1323
ISSN	0271-5333
DOI	10.1148/rg.230229
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Zs.A 1751: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Characterizing focal muscle signal on MRI in flexor-pronator muscles' status post ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction.

Yoon, Edward S / Pishgar, Farhad / Dines, Josh / Mintz, Doug N

Skeletal radiology

2023 Volume 53, Issue 2, Page(s) 293–297

Abstract: Objective: Focal high signal is commonly seen about the flexor pronator mass on MRI in some patients after ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction of the elbow. The etiology of this high signal is unclear and not described in literature. The ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Focal high signal is commonly seen about the flexor pronator mass on MRI in some patients after ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction of the elbow. The etiology of this high signal is unclear and not described in literature. The hypothesis is that the edema we see on post-operative MRI is related to palmaris longus graft harvest rather than secondary to other causes of muscle edema such as denervation or muscle strain. Methods and materials: An IRB waiver-approved, retrospective search of our radiology database was conducted using the keywords "ucl," "elbow," and "reconstruction" between 1/01/2012 and 1/01/2022, with search parameters set as MRI for exam type. The images were reviewed to evaluate for high signal at the flexor pronator mass by a junior and a senior musculoskeletal radiologist. The surgical notes were then reviewed in electronic medical record system to see which graft was used for the UCL reconstruction. Results: The cohort comprised of 33 patients (1 female/32males, 14-51 years old) who had undergone UCL reconstructions. Four patients were excluded from the study secondary to the surgical note not specifying which graft was used. The surgical and imaging dates were also recorded with the largest time gap of 7 years between the surgery and imaging. Seventeen of the 29 patients had palmaris longus harvested from the ipsilateral arm, 1 patient had palmaris longus harvested from the contralateral arm, 2 patients had an internal brace, and 9 patients had a hamstring graft. Seventeen out of 17 (100%) patients with ipsilateral palmaris longus graft demonstrated focal edema at the flexor pronator mass while 0/12 of the patients without the palmaris longus graft showed the focal edema seen by its counterparts. Conclusion: High signal which is commonly seen at the flexor pronator mass in patient status most UCL reconstruction of the elbow is secondary to the palmaris longus harvest rather than other etiologies such as muscle strain, retear, or trauma.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Elbow Joint/surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Hamstring Muscles ; Edema ; Collateral Ligaments/diagnostic imaging ; Collateral Ligaments/surgery ; Collateral Ligaments/injuries
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	527592-1
ISSN	1432-2161 ; 0364-2348
ISSN (online)	1432-2161
ISSN	0364-2348
DOI	10.1007/s00256-023-04388-3
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Zs.A 1304: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Frequency of Coexistent Spinal Segment Variants: Retrospective Analysis in Asymptomatic Young Adults.

Yoon, Edward S / Pishgar, Farhad / Chhabra, Avneesh / Del Grande, Filippo / Carrino, John A

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2023 Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 119–126

Abstract: Background and purpose: Spinal segment variants are highly prevalent and can potentially lead to incorrect spinal enumeration and, consequently, interventions or surgeries at the wrong vertebral levels. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of spinal ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Spinal segment variants are highly prevalent and can potentially lead to incorrect spinal enumeration and, consequently, interventions or surgeries at the wrong vertebral levels. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of spinal segment variants and to study the potential association among these variants in a population without histories of spine symptoms. Materials and methods: Consecutive computed tomography exams of 450 young adults originally evaluated for non-spinal conditions and without a history of spinal diseases from a single institution. In addition to using descriptive statistics for reporting frequencies of spinal segment variants, the association between these variants was studied by calculating odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval. Consecutive CT exams were evaluated to determine the total number of presacral segments, presence of cervical rib, thoracolumbar transitional vertebra, iliolumbar ligament, and lumbosacral transitional vertebra. Results: The spinal segment distribution variants (an atypical number of presacral segments or an atypical distribution of thoracolumbar vertebrae), cervical rib, thoracolumbar transitional vertebra, and lumbosacral transitional vertebra were reported in 23.8%, 4.2%, 15.3%, and 26.4% of cases in our study population. The presence of a cervical rib or a thoracolumbar transitional vertebra was associated with concurrent lumbosacral transitional vertebra (OR = 3.28; 95% CI, 1.29-8.47 and 1.87; 95% CI, 1.08-3.20, respectively). The inability to visualize the iliolumbar ligament was also associated with the presence of cervical ribs (OR = 3.06; 95% CI, 1.18-7.80). Conclusions: In a population of asymptomatic young adults, spinal segment variants are both highly prevalent with a high rate of coexistence. When a spinal segment variant (eg, transitional vertebra) is diagnosed, additional imaging might be considered for accurate spine enumeration before interventions or operations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Young Adult ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A8071
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Zs.A 1580: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Association Between Race and Radiographic, Symptomatic, and Clinical Hand Osteoarthritis: A Propensity Score-Matched Study Using Osteoarthritis Initiative Data.

Pishgar, Farhad / Kwee, Robert M / Haj-Mirzaian, Arya / Guermazi, Ali / Haugen, Ida K / Demehri, Shadpour

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)

2022 Volume 74, Issue 3, Page(s) 453–461

Abstract: Objective: To determine the associations between Black race and the presence of radiographic, symptomatic, and clinical hand osteoarthritis (OA).: Methods: Using available hand radiographs from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort (total 4,699; n = ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the associations between Black race and the presence of radiographic, symptomatic, and clinical hand osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Using available hand radiographs from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort (total 4,699; n = 849 Black subjects [18.1%], n = 3,850 non-Black subjects [81.9%]), a propensity score-matching method was used to match Black subjects with non-Black subjects for known potential risk factors of hand OA (age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, excessive occupation- or recreation-related hand use, and knee OA). Posteroanterior radiographs of subjects' dominant hands were reviewed by a musculoskeletal radiologist in a blinded manner. To assess the severity of hand OA, the modified Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) radiographic OA scoring scale (grades 0-4) was used, and the presence of erosive OA in the hand joints was recorded. Associations between race and the severity of hand OA (measured as the summed modified K/L grade), presence of radiographic hand OA (modified K/L grade ≥2), presence of erosive hand OA, presence of symptomatic hand OA (radiographic OA with hand pain), and presence of clinical hand OA (indicated by clinical findings of Heberden's nodes in the hands) were studied using regression models. In these models, beta coefficients or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for the associations between Black race and any of these radiographic and symptomatic hand OA phenotypes. Results: Black subjects had less severe hand OA (β = -1.93 [95% CI -2.53, -1.34]), as well as a lower risk of developing radiographic hand OA (OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.66, 0.94]), erosive hand OA (OR 0.23 [95% CI 0.11, 0.47]), symptomatic hand OA (OR 0.63 [95% CI 0.49, 0.82]), and clinical hand OA (OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.41, 0.60]), as compared to non-Black subjects. Conclusion: In contrast to the well-established association between Black race and knee or hip OA, the findings of this study suggest that the risk of hand OA is lower in Black subjects compared to non-Black subjects, which is not mediated by known hand OA risk factors. Future studies are warranted to determine the mediating protective factors for hand OA among Black subjects.
MeSH term(s)	African Americans ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Female ; Hand Joints/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging ; Propensity Score ; Radiography ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2756371-6
ISSN	2326-5205 ; 2326-5191
ISSN (online)	2326-5205
ISSN	2326-5191
DOI	10.1002/art.41231
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Article ; Online: Human resources for health density and its associations with child and maternal mortality in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Madadi, Zahra / Pishgar, Farhad / Ghasemi, Erfan / Khajavi, Alireza / Moghaddam, Sahar / Farzadfar, Farshad

Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit

2021 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–22

Abstract: Background: The Family Physician and Social Protection Scheme for Iranian rural inhabitants was launched in June 2005 to improve physician density. To our knowledge, a comprehensive study of the impact of the Scheme on mortality-related health ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Family Physician and Social Protection Scheme for Iranian rural inhabitants was launched in June 2005 to improve physician density. To our knowledge, a comprehensive study of the impact of the Scheme on mortality-related health indicators has not been conducted. Aims: To investigate the effects of health workforce density on maternal, neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates in rural areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran between 2005 and 2011. Methods: We built mixed-effects Poisson regression models including mortality measures as response variables and physician and behvarz (community-based health worker) densities as independent variables, using data from the Iranian Vital Horoscope tool, annual Households Income and Expenditure Survey, and DTARH software. We also included population sizes, age of inhabitants, rate of urbanization, years of schooling, and wealth index in each district, as well as effect of time, as covariates. Results: Physician density was significantly associated with child mortality rates (1.5%, 1.1% and 63.5% decrease in neonatal, under-5 and maternal mortality with a 1-unit increase in physician density per 1000 individuals). In the model built for infant mortality rate, physician density and behvarz densities were not significantly associated with this measure. Conclusions: Improving the distribution of family physicians was associated with lower child and maternal mortality. Improvements in behvarz densities were not associated with decrements in these rates, which probably calls for improvement in access to more professional health services and facilities.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child Mortality ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Iran/epidemiology ; Maternal Mortality ; Workforce ; Female
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-23
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1291071-5
ISSN	1687-1634 ; 1020-3397
ISSN (online)	1687-1634
ISSN	1020-3397
DOI	10.26719/2021.27.1.16
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Article ; Online: Quantitative MRI Differentiates Electromyography Severity Grades of Denervated Muscle in Neuropathy of the Brachial Plexus.

Tan, Ek T / Serrano, Kenneth C / Bhatti, Pravjit / Pishgar, Farhad / Vanderbeek, Alyssa M / Milani, Carlo J / Sneag, Darryl B

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI

2022 Volume 56, Issue 4, Page(s) 1104–1115

Abstract: Background: Quantitative MRI (qMRI) metrics reflect microstructural skeletal muscle changes secondary to denervation and may correspond to conventional electromyography (EMG) assessments of motor unit recruitment (MUR) and denervation.: Hypothesis: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Quantitative MRI (qMRI) metrics reflect microstructural skeletal muscle changes secondary to denervation and may correspond to conventional electromyography (EMG) assessments of motor unit recruitment (MUR) and denervation. Hypothesis: Differences in quantitative T Study type: Prospective. Population: A total of 30 subjects (age = 37.5 ± 17.5, 21M/9F) with suspected brachial plexopathy. Field strength/sequence: 3-Tesla; qMRI using fast spin echo (T Assessment: qMRI values were compared against EMG grades (MUR and denervation). qMRI values (T Statistical tests: Linear mixed models and least-squares pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate qMRI differences between EMG grades. Predictive accuracy of EMG grades from qMRI was quantified by 10-fold cross-validated logistic models. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean (95% confidence interval) qMRI for "full" MUR were T Data conclusion: Quantitative T Level of evidence: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
MeSH term(s)	Brachial Plexus/diagnostic imaging ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1146614-5
ISSN	1522-2586 ; 1053-1807
ISSN (online)	1522-2586
ISSN	1053-1807
DOI	10.1002/jmri.28125
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Zs.A 3648: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Financial Burden of Prostate Cancer Screening: Changing Trends After Health Sector Reform in a Developing Country.

Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza / Amini, Erfan / Pishgar, Farhad / Ayati, Mohsen / Jamshidian, Hassan / Aghamiri, Seyed Majid

Urology journal

2020 Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 325

MeSH term(s)	Developing Countries ; Early Detection of Cancer/economics ; Financial Stress ; Health Care Reform ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Prostate-Specific Antigen (EC 3.4.21.77)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-16
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2251940-3
ISSN	1735-546X ; 1735-1308
ISSN (online)	1735-546X
ISSN	1735-1308
DOI	10.22037/uj.v0i0.4738
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Article ; Online: Conventional MRI-based subchondral trabecular biomarkers as predictors of knee osteoarthritis progression: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Pishgar, Farhad / Guermazi, Ali / Roemer, Frank W / Link, Thomas M / Demehri, Shadpour

European radiology

2020 Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 3564–3573

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and validity of measuring subchondral trabecular biomarkers in "conventional" intermediate-weighted (IW) MRI sequences and to assess the predictive value of biomarker changes for predicting near-term symptomatic ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and validity of measuring subchondral trabecular biomarkers in "conventional" intermediate-weighted (IW) MRI sequences and to assess the predictive value of biomarker changes for predicting near-term symptomatic and structural progressions in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: For this study, a framework for measuring trabecular biomarkers in the proximal medial tibia in the "conventional" IW MRI sequence was developed. The reliability of measuring these biomarkers (trabecular thickness [cTbTh], spacing [cTbSp], connectivity density [cConnD], and bone-to-total volume ratio [cBV/TV]) was evaluated in the Bone Ancillary Study (within the Osteoarthritis Initiative [OAI]). The validity of these measurements was assessed by comparing to "apparent" biomarkers (from high-resolution steady-state MRI sequence) and peri-articular bone marrow density (BMD, from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). The association of these biomarker changes from baseline to 24 months (using the Reliable Change Index) with knee OA progression was studied in the FNIH OA Biomarkers Consortium (within the OAI). Pain and radiographic progression were evaluated by comparing baseline WOMAC pain score and radiographic joint space width with the 24-to-48-month scores/measurements. Associations between biomarker changes and these outcomes were studied using logistic regression adjusted for the relevant covariates. Results: With acceptable reliability, the cTbTh and cBV/TV, but not cTbSp or cConnD, were modestly associated with the "apparent" biomarkers and peri-articular BMD (β: 1.10 [95% CI: 0.45-1.75], p value: 0.001 and β: 3.69 [95% CI: 2.56-4.83], p value: < 0.001, respectively). Knees with increased cTbTh had higher (OR: 1.44 [95% CI: 1.03-2.02], p value: 0.035) and knees with decreased cTbTh (OR: 0.69 [95% CI: 0.49-0.95], p value: 0.026) or decreased cBV/TV (OR: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.48-0.93], p value: 0.018) had lower odds of experiencing OA pain progression over the follow-ups. Conclusions: Measurement of certain "conventional" MRI-based subchondral trabecular biomarkers has high reliability and modest validity. Though modest, there are significant associations between these biomarker changes and knee OA pain progression up to 48-month follow-up. Key points: • Despite the lower spatial resolution than what is required to accurately study the subchondral trabecular microstructures, the "conventional" IW MRI sequences may retain adequate information that allows quantification of trabecular microstructure biomarkers. • Subchondral trabecular biomarkers obtained from "conventional" IW MRI sequences (i.e., cTbTh, cTbSp, and cBV/TV) are reliable and valid measures of trabecular microstructure changes compared to those from "apparent" trabecular biomarkers (from the FISP MRI sequence) and peri-articular BMD (from DXA). • Increased trabecular thickness and bone-to-total ratio (cTbTh and cBV/TV, obtained from "conventional" IW MRI sequences) from baseline to 24-month visits may be associated with higher odds of knee OA pain progression over 48 months of follow-up.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers ; Cartilage, Articular ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tibia
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1085366-2
ISSN	1432-1084 ; 0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
ISSN (online)	1432-1084
ISSN	0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
DOI	10.1007/s00330-020-07512-2
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Article ; Online: Predictive Value of Deep Learning-derived CT Pectoralis Muscle and Adipose Measurements for Incident Heart Failure: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Hathaway, Quincy / Ibad, Hamza Ahmed / Bluemke, David A / Pishgar, Farhad / Kasaiean, Arta / Klein, Joshua G / Cogswell, Rebecca / Allison, Matthew / Budoff, Matthew J / Barr, R Graham / Post, Wendy / Bredella, Miriam A / Lima, João A C / Demehri, Shadpour

Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging

2023 Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) e230146

Abstract: Purpose: To develop a deep learning algorithm capable of extracting pectoralis muscle and adipose measurements and to longitudinally investigate associations between these measurements and incident heart failure (HF) in participants from the Multi- ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To develop a deep learning algorithm capable of extracting pectoralis muscle and adipose measurements and to longitudinally investigate associations between these measurements and incident heart failure (HF) in participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Materials and methods: MESA is a prospective study of subclinical cardiovascular disease characteristics and risk factors for progression to clinically overt disease approved by institutional review boards of six participating centers (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00005487). All participants with adequate imaging and clinical data from the fifth examination of MESA were included in this study. Hence, in this secondary analysis, manual segmentations of 600 chest CT examinations (between the years 2010 and 2012) were used to train and validate a convolutional neural network, which subsequently extracted pectoralis muscle and adipose (intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), perimuscular adipose tissue (PAT), extramyocellular lipids and subcutaneous adipose tissue) area measurements from 3031 CT examinations using individualized thresholds for adipose segmentation. Next, 1781 participants without baseline HF were longitudinally investigated for associations between baseline pectoralis muscle and adipose measurements and incident HF using crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. The full models were adjusted for variables in categories of demographic (age, race, sex, income), clinical/laboratory (including physical activity, BMI, and smoking), CT (coronary artery calcium score), and cardiac MRI (left ventricular ejection fraction and mass (% of predicted)) data. Results: In 1781 participants (median age, 68 (IQR,61, 75) years; 907 [51%] females), 41 incident HF events occurred over a median 6.5-year follow-up. IMAT predicted incident HF in unadjusted (hazard ratio [HR]:1.14; 95% CI: 1.03-1.26) and fully adjusted (HR:1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.31) models. PAT also predicted incident HF in crude (HR:1.19; 95% CI: 1.06-1.35) and fully adjusted (HR:1.25; 95% CI: 1.07-1.46) models. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that fast and reliable deep learning-derived pectoralis muscle and adipose measurements are obtainable from conventional chest CT, which may be predictive of incident HF.©RSNA, 2023.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2638-6135
ISSN (online)	2638-6135
DOI	10.1148/ryct.230146
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