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Article: Inequality in exposure to air pollutants: A new perspective

Pisoni, E. / Dominguez Torreiro, M. / Thunis, P.

Environmental research. 2022 Apr. 20,

2022

Abstract: In research and policy design we mainly use a ‘population weighted average concentrations’ perspective to study changes in air quality, to evaluate if past policies have been effective, or to assess the impact of future air quality plans. This angle is ... ...

Abstract	In research and policy design we mainly use a ‘population weighted average concentrations’ perspective to study changes in air quality, to evaluate if past policies have been effective, or to assess the impact of future air quality plans. This angle is useful and informative, but sometimes masks other important patterns. In this paper we propose to add, to the existing population weighted average point of view, a new indicator that brings to the fore the ‘inequalities’ in exposure. This inequality indicator is based on the Gini coefficient, usually applied in Economics and here considered to evaluate if exposure to air pollutants is equally distributed among population. A case study for this new indicator is then proposed, to assess the evolution of exposure to air pollutants in Europe from 2000 to 2018, in terms of both average exposure and inequality levels. The results show that using only average exposure metrics can mask other interesting patterns, and confirm the benefits of including this alternative perspective into the analysis.
Keywords	air quality ; case studies ; economics ; issues and policy ; research ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0420
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.113358
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Active mobility versus motorized transport? User choices and benefits for the society

Pisoni, E. / Christidis, P. / Navajas Cawood, E.

Science of the total environment. 2022 Feb. 01, v. 806

2022

Abstract: Measures promoting active mobility – walking or cycling – are often seen as an effective strategy to meet multiple urban objectives. The advantages of such behavioural changes cover multiple dimensions at public and individual level, including positive ... ...

Abstract	Measures promoting active mobility – walking or cycling – are often seen as an effective strategy to meet multiple urban objectives. The advantages of such behavioural changes cover multiple dimensions at public and individual level, including positive impacts on health, safety, climate, economy, environment and air quality. However, there is still a considerable potential for increasing the uptake of active mobility in urban areas. This paper explores the determinants of active mobility choice and compares the demographic, socio-economic and cultural factors that influence it. The methodology combines extensive survey data, an EU-wide transport model and detailed indicators of external costs of transport with a Gradient Boosting Machine Learning approach. The model based scenarios quantify the benefit in terms of external costs savings from increasing active mobility shares. Such savings – at EU level, can reach the amount of 15 billion euro per year for a shift of 10% of trips to active mobility modes.
Keywords	air quality ; climate ; environment ; models ; society ; socioeconomics ; surveys
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150627
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Inequality in exposure to air pollutants: A new perspective.

Pisoni, E / Dominguez-Torreiro, M / Thunis, P

Environmental research

2022 Volume 212, Issue Pt B, Page(s) 113358

Abstract: In research and policy design we mainly use a 'population weighted average concentrations' perspective to study changes in air quality, to evaluate if past policies have been effective, or to assess the impact of future air quality plans. This angle is ... ...

Abstract	In research and policy design we mainly use a 'population weighted average concentrations' perspective to study changes in air quality, to evaluate if past policies have been effective, or to assess the impact of future air quality plans. This angle is useful and informative, but sometimes masks other important patterns. In this paper we propose to add, to the existing population weighted average point of view, a new indicator that brings to the fore the 'inequalities' in exposure. This inequality indicator is based on the Gini coefficient, usually applied in Economics and here considered to evaluate if exposure to air pollutants is equally distributed among population. A case study for this new indicator is then proposed, to assess the evolution of exposure to air pollutants in Europe from 2000 to 2018, in terms of both average exposure and inequality levels. The results show that using only average exposure metrics can mask other interesting patterns, and confirm the benefits of including this alternative perspective into the analysis.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Europe
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.113358
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Article ; Online: Comment to the paper "Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO

Pisoni, E / Van Dingenen, R

The Science of the total environment

2020 Volume 738, Page(s) 139853

Abstract: In this paper we critically review the work "Assessing nitrogen dioxide ( ... ...

Abstract	In this paper we critically review the work "Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Estrone/analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Estrone (2DI9HA706A) ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH) ; estropipate (SVI38UY019)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139853
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Article ; Online: Active mobility versus motorized transport? User choices and benefits for the society.

Pisoni, E / Christidis, P / Navajas Cawood, E

The Science of the total environment

2021 Volume 806, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 150627

Abstract: Measures promoting active mobility - walking or cycling - are often seen as an effective strategy to meet multiple urban objectives. The advantages of such behavioural changes cover multiple dimensions at public and individual level, including positive ... ...

Abstract	Measures promoting active mobility - walking or cycling - are often seen as an effective strategy to meet multiple urban objectives. The advantages of such behavioural changes cover multiple dimensions at public and individual level, including positive impacts on health, safety, climate, economy, environment and air quality. However, there is still a considerable potential for increasing the uptake of active mobility in urban areas. This paper explores the determinants of active mobility choice and compares the demographic, socio-economic and cultural factors that influence it. The methodology combines extensive survey data, an EU-wide transport model and detailed indicators of external costs of transport with a Gradient Boosting Machine Learning approach. The model based scenarios quantify the benefit in terms of external costs savings from increasing active mobility shares. Such savings - at EU level, can reach the amount of 15 billion euro per year for a shift of 10% of trips to active mobility modes.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution ; Bicycling ; Climate ; Income ; Transportation ; Walking
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150627
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Article ; Online: Addressing the different paces of climate and air quality combustion emissions across the world.

Monforti-Ferrario, Fabio / Crippa, Monica / Pisoni, Enrico

iScience

2023 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 108686

Abstract: Greenhouse gases (GHG) and air pollutants (AP) share several anthropic sources but evolve differently in time across the various regions of the globe. Fossil and biological fuel combustion is by far the single process producing the highest amounts of ... ...

Abstract	Greenhouse gases (GHG) and air pollutants (AP) share several anthropic sources but evolve differently in time across the various regions of the globe. Fossil and biological fuel combustion is by far the single process producing the highest amounts of both types of compounds. We have analyzed the paces of change of both GHG and AP emissions across the world and in some selected highly emitting regions using purposely designed indicators. We have observed that, overall, combustion processes are generally producing a lower amount of pollutants per unit of GHG emitted in 2018 than in 1970, with the noticeable exception of ammonia emissions in transport. Nevertheless, comparing countries at different development levels, evidence of possible further improvement clearly emerges, depending on the technological evolution of the most important emitting sectors and on the implementation of appropriate control measures and policies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-0042
ISSN (online)	2589-0042
DOI	10.1016/j.isci.2023.108686
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Comment to the paper "Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality", by Ogen, 2020

Pisoni, E / Van Dingenen, R

Sci Total Environ

Abstract: In this paper we critically review the work "Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality" (Ogen, 2020), stressing the fact that we think there are flaws in the published methodology. We do this as ... ...

Abstract	In this paper we critically review the work "Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality" (Ogen, 2020), stressing the fact that we think there are flaws in the published methodology. We do this as we think it is important, given the current deluge of 'COVID-19 related' publications, to clearly define what can be stated and what on the contrary, cannot be stated, due to limitations in terms of data quality and/or methodology.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #457184
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Comment to the paper “Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality”, by Ogen, 2020

Pisoni, E. / Van Dingenen, R.

Science of The Total Environment

2020 Volume 738, Page(s) 139853

Keywords	Environmental Engineering ; Waste Management and Disposal ; Pollution ; Environmental Chemistry ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139853
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Evaluating the impact of “Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans” on urban background air quality

Pisoni, E / Christidis, P / Thunis, P / Trombetti, M

Journal of environmental management. 2019 Feb. 01, v. 231

2019

Abstract: Air quality in European cities is still a challenge, with various urban areas frequently exceeding the PM2.5 and NO2 concentration levels allowed by the European Union Air Quality Standards. This is a problem both in terms of legislation compliance, but ... ...

Abstract	Air quality in European cities is still a challenge, with various urban areas frequently exceeding the PM2.5 and NO2 concentration levels allowed by the European Union Air Quality Standards. This is a problem both in terms of legislation compliance, but also in terms of health of citizens, as it has been recently estimated that 400 to 450 thousand people die prematurely every year due to poor air quality. Air quality in cities can be improved with a number of interventions, at different sectoral (industry, traffic, residential, etc ...) and geographical (international, European, national, local, etc.) levels. In this paper we explore the potential of city level plans to improve mobility and air quality (excluding electro-mobility options, not considered in this study). We applied the “Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans” (SUMPs) framework to 642 cities in Europe and modelled how the measures they include may impact at first on mobility and emissions at urban level, and then on urban background concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2. Results show that annual averages moderately improve for both pollutants, with reductions of urban background concentrations up to 2% for PM2.5 and close to 4% for NO2. The impact on NO2 at street level (that will be higher than on urban background) is not evaluated in this work. The air quality improvement of the simulated SUMP would only partially alleviate air quality problems in urban areas, but such a reduction in the emissions of air pollutants should still be considered as a positive result of SUMPs, given that they correspond to a set of low-cost measures that can be implemented at local level. Furthermore, the introduction of electro-mobility options (not considered here) would increase the impact on air quality. Other types of benefits, such as reduced fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, higher impact at street level or accident rates reduction further add to the overall positive impact.
Keywords	European Union ; accidents ; air pollutants ; air pollution ; air quality ; cities ; compliance ; energy use and consumption ; greenhouse gas emissions ; industry ; laws and regulations ; nitrogen dioxide ; particulates ; people ; traffic ; urban areas ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0201
Size	p. 249-255.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.039
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Design and implementation of a new module to evaluate the cost of air pollutant abatement measures.

Bessagnet, Bertrand / Pisoni, Enrico / Thunis, Philippe / Mascherpa, Alessandro

Journal of environmental management

2022 Volume 317, Page(s) 115486

Abstract: Integrated Assessment Model provides a useful framework for evaluating different aspects of air quality policies, spanning from abatement measures to emissions, concentrations, health impacts and costs. These models are then useful to provide a holistic ... ...

Abstract	Integrated Assessment Model provides a useful framework for evaluating different aspects of air quality policies, spanning from abatement measures to emissions, concentrations, health impacts and costs. These models are then useful to provide a holistic view of the impacts of policies, so that ex-ante one can evaluate how various policies will impact air concentrations, health benefits and implementation costs. Among these Integrated Assessment Models, SHERPA (Screening for High Emission Potentials on Air) has been recently used to evaluate the impact of policies, covering all aspects from measures to health, but without being able to provide the dimension related to abatement measures costs. In this paper we fill this gap, developing a module able to associate to a SHERPA scenario its related implementation costs. This paper describes how this module has been developed and provide a concrete application of this tool. Results of this module can be useful to provide a full cost-benefit analysis of alternative policies based on technological changes, covering both internal costs (costs of abatement measures) and external costs (related to human health impacts of air quality).
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Air Pollution/prevention & control ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115486
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