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Article: Qualitative Analyses of Textile Damage (Cuts and Tears) Applied to Fabrics Exposed to the Decomposition of Carcasses and Associated Insect Activity in an Austral Summer.

Ziogos, Sotirios / Dadour, Ian R / Pitts, Kari / Magni, Paola A

2023 Volume 14, Issue 7

Abstract: Fatal stabbings are the leading cause of homicide in countries with restricted access to firearms, such as Australia. The analysis of damage on clothing imparted by a sharp object can assist in the characterization of the weapon. However, decomposition ... ...

Abstract	Fatal stabbings are the leading cause of homicide in countries with restricted access to firearms, such as Australia. The analysis of damage on clothing imparted by a sharp object can assist in the characterization of the weapon. However, decomposition and carrion insects can modify the features of the damage, impeding textile damage analysis and crime reconstruction. This study aimed to identify and characterize the modifications of textile damage over 47 days of decomposition during the summer season in Western Australia. Fabric modifications were analyzed on cotton, synthetic, and blended fabrics with standardized cuts and tears, wrapped on 99 stillborn piglets. Six unclothed piglets acted as controls, with three being stabbed. All piglets were placed simultaneously in the field alongside swatches of fabric. Analyses considered taphonomy, insect interactions, and any textile damage using optical microscopy and SEM. The results showed that carrion insects can modify existing cuts and tears and introduce new artifacts on textiles. The 100% cotton fabric was the most affected by mechanical and chemical degradation, especially cuts and areas stained with blood or decomposition fluids. The study highlights the combined effect of multiple factors on textile damage, including the type of fabric, initial damage, bloating, insect activity, and biodegradation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662247-6
ISSN	2075-4450
ISSN	2075-4450
DOI	10.3390/insects14070618
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Article: Quality of life is lower in food allergic adolescents compared to young children at a community educational symposium.

Nguyen, Diem-Tran I / Pitts, Kathleen / Staggers, Kristen A / Davis, Carla M

Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

2023 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 99

Abstract: Introduction: Food allergies (FA) can detrimentally impact physical, emotional, and psychological quality of life (QoL) among pediatric patients. Given the changes from childhood into adolescence, the impact of FA on QoL likely evolves with age. The ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Food allergies (FA) can detrimentally impact physical, emotional, and psychological quality of life (QoL) among pediatric patients. Given the changes from childhood into adolescence, the impact of FA on QoL likely evolves with age. The purpose of this study was to determine whether QoL differed between adolescents and children with FA who participated in a Food Allergy Symposium (FAS). Methods: Patients with confirmed FA were recruited at an educational community symposium in September 2018 and September 2019. Patients and/or their parents were invited to complete the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaires (FAQLQ). The Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) reflects concerns about accidental food exposure and disease severity. Higher FAIM and FAQLQ scores reflect worse QoL. Summary scores were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact test, or the Chi-square test. Results: Seventy-four surveys (82% children, 18% adolescents) were included. The FAQLQ total score was higher among adolescents than children (median 5.2 vs 4.2; p = 0.045), and the FAIM was lower in adolescents (median 2.2 vs 2.8; p = 0.037). More adolescents reported previous anaphylaxis than children (91.7% vs 51.8%; p = 0.011). The percentage reassured by having epinephrine was higher in adolescents (81.8% vs 45.8%; p = 0.046). No other QoL scores and survey responses were significantly different. Discussion: In this study, adolescents were more concerned about their disease and more reassured by epinephrine carriage than younger children, which may reflect increased autonomy and responsibility. Community events are an important way to assess QoL and provide FA-related education to pediatric patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2434973-2
ISSN	1710-1492 ; 1710-1484
ISSN (online)	1710-1492
ISSN	1710-1484
DOI	10.1186/s13223-023-00853-9
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Article ; Online: The need for Forensic Scientists to up-skill their Sci-Comm.

Magni, Paola A / Pitts, Kari

Journal of forensic and legal medicine

2020 Volume 73, Page(s) 101998

MeSH term(s)	Communication ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Professional Competence
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2268721-X
ISSN	1878-7487 ; 1752-928X
ISSN (online)	1878-7487
ISSN	1752-928X
DOI	10.1016/j.jflm.2020.101998
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Article ; Online: A Risk Assessment and Planning Tool to Prevent Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy: Development and Evaluation of The Baby Sleep Planner.

Pease, Anna / Ingram, Jenny / Lambert, Becky / Patrick, Karen / Pitts, Kieren / Fleming, Peter J / Blair, Peter S

JMIR pediatrics and parenting

2024 Volume 7, Page(s) e49952

Abstract: Background: Successful national safer sleep campaigns in the United Kingdom have lowered the death rates from sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) over the past 3 decades, but deaths persist in socioeconomically deprived families. The circumstances ...

Abstract	Background: Successful national safer sleep campaigns in the United Kingdom have lowered the death rates from sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) over the past 3 decades, but deaths persist in socioeconomically deprived families. The circumstances of current deaths suggest that improvements in support for some families to follow safer sleep advice more consistently could save lives. Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a risk assessment and planning tool designed to improve the uptake of safer sleep advice in families with infants at increased risk of SUDI. Methods: A co-design approach was used to develop the prototype interface of a web-based tool with 2 parts: an individual SUDI risk assessment at birth and a downloadable plan for safety during times of disruption. The advice contained within the tool is concordant with national guidance from the Lullaby Trust, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. User testing of the prototype tool was conducted by inviting health visitors, midwives, and family nurses to use it with families eligible for additional support. Qualitative interviews with health professionals and families allowed for iterative changes to the tool and for insights into its function and influence on parental behavior. Results: A total of 22 health professionals were enrolled in the study, of whom 20 (91%) were interviewed. They reported appreciating the functionality of the tool, which allowed them to identify at-risk families for further support. They felt that the tool improved how they communicated about risks with families. They suggested expanding its use to include relevance in the antenatal period and having versions available in languages other than English. They reported using the tool with 58 families; 20 parents gave consent to be interviewed by the research team about their experiences with the tool. Families were positive about the tool, appreciated the trustworthy information, and felt that it was useful and appropriate and that the plans for specific infant sleeps would be of benefit to them and other family members. Conclusions: Our tool combines risk assessment and safety planning, both of which have the potential to improve the uptake of lifesaving advice. Refinements to the tool based on these findings have ensured that the tool is ready for further evaluation in a larger study before being rolled out to families with infants at increased risk.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2561-6722
ISSN (online)	2561-6722
DOI	10.2196/49952
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Article: A Rare Case of Neural Epidermal Growth Factor-Like 1 Protein (NELL-1) Antigen-Associated Membranous Nephropathy.

Mohamed Jiffry, Mohamed Zakee / Pitts, Kristen / Munir, Meha / Khan, Aimal / Josephs, Meagan

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) e34713

Abstract: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease resulting in nephrotic syndrome. Neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (NELL-1) has been shown to cause a rare form of MN that is more likely to be associated with malignancy. We present a case ...

Abstract	Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease resulting in nephrotic syndrome. Neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (NELL-1) has been shown to cause a rare form of MN that is more likely to be associated with malignancy. We present a case of a 73-year-old female who was found to have a NELL-1-associated segmental MN. She presented complaining of generalized weakness, chills, and poor appetite, worsening over a one-week duration. Her kidney functions were noted to be markedly deranged, with a computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing evidence of chronic kidney disease. Further testing confirmed heavy proteinuria, although the etiology was still uncertain. A kidney biopsy revealed granular subepithelial immunoglobulin G deposits with subsequent immunohistochemical staining for NELL-1 antigen being positive. She improved with supportive care over the next few days. Despite an extensive workup, no underlying malignancy was found. NELL-1 is a rare yet recognized antigen target for the development of MN. Up to a third of patients with NELL-1-associated MN have associated cancer, thus requiring evaluation for underlying malignancy in this cohort.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.34713
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Article ; Online: Targeting doublecortin-like kinase 1 reveals a novel strategy to circumvent chemoresistance and metastasis in ovarian cancer.

Dogra, Samrita / Elayapillai, Sugantha Priya / Qu, Dongfeng / Pitts, Kamille / Filatenkov, Alexander / Houchen, Courtney W / Berry, William L / Moxley, Katherine / Hannafon, Bethany N

Cancer letters

2023 Volume 578, Page(s) 216437

Abstract: Ovarian cancer (OvCa) has a dismal prognosis because of its late-stage diagnosis and the emergence of chemoresistance. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase known to regulate cancer cell "stemness", epithelial-mesenchymal ... ...

Abstract	Ovarian cancer (OvCa) has a dismal prognosis because of its late-stage diagnosis and the emergence of chemoresistance. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase known to regulate cancer cell "stemness", epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance. Here we show that DCLK1 is a druggable target that promotes chemoresistance and tumor progression of high-grade serous OvCa (HGSOC). Importantly, high DCLK1 expression significantly correlates with poor overall and progression-free survival in OvCa patients treated with platinum chemotherapy. DCLK1 expression was elevated in a subset of HGSOC cell lines in adherent (2D) and spheroid (3D) cultures, and the expression was further increased in cisplatin-resistant (CPR) spheroids relative to their sensitive controls. Using cisplatin-sensitive and resistant isogenic cell lines, pharmacologic inhibition (DCLK1-IN-1), and genetic manipulation, we demonstrate that DCLK1 inhibition was effective at re-sensitizing cells to cisplatin, reducing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Using kinase domain mutants, we demonstrate that DCLK1 kinase activity is critical for mediating CPR. The combination of cisplatin and DCLK1-IN-1 showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect against OvCa cells in 3D conditions. Targeted gene expression profiling revealed that DCLK1 inhibition in CPR OvCa spheroids significantly reduced TGFβ signaling, and EMT. We show in vivo efficacy of combined DCLK1 inhibition and cisplatin in significantly reducing tumor metastases. Our study shows that DCLK1 is a relevant target in OvCa and combined targeting of DCLK1 in combination with existing chemotherapy could be a novel therapeutic approach to overcome resistance and prevent OvCa recurrence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Doublecortin-Like Kinases ; Cisplatin/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
Chemical Substances	Doublecortin-Like Kinases (EC 2.7.1.11) ; Cisplatin (Q20Q21Q62J) ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; DCLK1 protein, human (EC 2.7.1.11)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	195674-7
ISSN	1872-7980 ; 0304-3835
ISSN (online)	1872-7980
ISSN	0304-3835
DOI	10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216437
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Zs.A 1177: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Condom evidence: Characterisation, discrimination and classification of pyrolysis-GC-MS profiles.

Burnier, Céline / Massonnet, Geneviève / Coulson, Sally / DeTata, David / Pitts, Kari

Forensic science international

2021 Volume 324, Page(s) 110793

Abstract: Analysis of condom evidence commonly focusses on the detection of silicone-based lubricants, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Although various instruments are used to analyse silicone lubricants, pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled to mass ... ...

Abstract	Analysis of condom evidence commonly focusses on the detection of silicone-based lubricants, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Although various instruments are used to analyse silicone lubricants, pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) is one of the few instruments that presents immediate applicability to casework. However, considering that this technique detects silicone-based evidence, it is important to evaluate the discrimination potential of the method when applied to various samples. Examination of the variability within a large sample set from an international market is needed to evaluate the most distinguishing compounds likely to be detected in casework. In this study, 70 condoms, personal hygiene products, and lubricants, were analysed using py-GC-MS. Resulting pyrograms were characterised using published spectral databases. Pyrolysates data were extracted and evaluated using multivariate techniques. Qualitative visual inspection of the data, as well as statistical analysis, revealed at least five groups within the dataset. Discrimination was based on four main oligomers, as well as six minor compounds from siloxane degradation. Condom lubricants were found to present a very regular pattern, allowing for the majority of them to be differentiated from personal lubricants.
MeSH term(s)	Condoms ; Discriminant Analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Hexanes ; Humans ; Lubricants/chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Pyrolysis ; Silicones ; Solvents ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Chemical Substances	Hexanes ; Lubricants ; Silicones ; Solvents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110793
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Article ; Online: A forensic international market survey of condom lubricants and personal hygiene products using ATR-FTIR coupled to chemometrics.

Burnier, Céline / Coulson, Sally / Massonnet, Geneviève / Pitts, Kari / Sauzier, Georgina / Lewis, Simon W

Science & justice : journal of the Forensic Science Society

2021 Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 235–248

Abstract: Condom residues may be encountered in forensic investigations as traces in sexual assault or rape cases. Casework studies have shown the value of distinguishing condom residues from other types of personal products used by women. However, up to now, ... ...

Abstract	Condom residues may be encountered in forensic investigations as traces in sexual assault or rape cases. Casework studies have shown the value of distinguishing condom residues from other types of personal products used by women. However, up to now, there has been no investigation of their chemical variability within an international context. This work employed attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with chemometrics to provide objective characterisation of condom lubricants and personal hygiene products from the international market. 166 samples were obtained covering five major classes of products likely to be used by women. Principal component analysis distinguished most major classes based on their spectral profiles, with subsequent support vector machine models yielding discrimination accuracies over 90%. A two-step approach was subsequently developed and enabled both classification and a discrimination accuracy of 100%. This could provide greater confidence in chemical discrimination of residues from these products when conducting investigations and help assess the origin of the chemical profile obtained. Further testing using three validation sets produced an identification accuracy of 100% for generic classes, which may allow investigative leads to be more readily obtained from recovered evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Chemometrics ; Condoms ; Female ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Lubricants/chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods
Chemical Substances	Lubricants
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1230910-2
ISSN	1876-4452 ; 1355-0306
ISSN (online)	1876-4452
ISSN	1355-0306
DOI	10.1016/j.scijus.2021.01.005
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Zs.A 854: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Protocol-driven multidetector SPECT/CT: integration of hybrid imaging into the routine workflow of whole-body bone scintigraphy in oncology patients.

Adusumilli, P / Nejadhamzeeigilani, H / Pitts, K / McDermott, G / Scarsbrook, A F / Vaidyanathan, S / Patel, C N / Chowdhury, F U

Clinical radiology

2019 Volume 75, Issue 1, Page(s) 79.e1–79.e7

Abstract: Aim: To analyse the additional clinical value of protocol-driven and selective use of multidetector single-photon-emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in oncology patients undergoing whole-body bone scintigraphy (BS) and to analyse ... ...

Abstract	Aim: To analyse the additional clinical value of protocol-driven and selective use of multidetector single-photon-emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in oncology patients undergoing whole-body bone scintigraphy (BS) and to analyse reporter confidence in diagnosis with and without SPECT/CT. Materials and methods: During a 2-year period, 2,954 whole-body BS examinations were performed in oncology patients, with 444 (15%) undergoing additional protocol-driven SPECT/CT. Retrospective evaluation of planar BS and SPECT/CT images was performed by two experienced dual-trained nuclear medicine radiologists. The BS and SPECT/CT images were graded blindly using a five-point scale designed to evaluate the likelihood of a lesion being benign or malignant. Interpretation was applied on a per-patient basis. Results: There was a 74.5% increase in definitive diagnostic classification and a 26.6% reduction in equivocal findings with SPECT/CT when compared to BS alone (p<0001). Of cases initially classified as "probably benign" on BS, 5.1% (10/193) were reclassified to "probably malignant" (1%) or "malignant" (4.1%) using the SPECT/CT data. The highest impact in reporter confidence was seen with SPECT/CT in the interpretation of lesions within the pelvis (34%), ribs (23%), lumbar spine (22%), and thoracic spine (21%). Conclusion: Protocol-driven, selective use of SPECT/CT imaging to augment planar BS reduces equivocal findings and improves reporter confidence whilst minimising the impact on patient and reporting workflows.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Algorithms ; Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; Clinical Protocols ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Whole Body Imaging ; Workflow
Chemical Substances	Radiopharmaceuticals ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate (X89XV46R07)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391227-9
ISSN	1365-229X ; 0009-9260
ISSN (online)	1365-229X
ISSN	0009-9260
DOI	10.1016/j.crad.2019.09.128
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Article: Hygiene status of fresh peach packing lines in Georgia

Wang, P. / Quansah, J. K. / Pitts, K. B. / Chen, J.

LWT - food science and technology

2021 Volume 139, Issue -, Page(s) 110627

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2169058-3
ISSN	0023-6438
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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