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Article ; Online: Transcriptomic Responses of the Honey Bee Brain to Infection with Deformed Wing Virus.

Pizzorno, Marie C / Field, Kenneth / Kobokovich, Amanda L / Martin, Phillip L / Gupta, Riju A / Mammone, Renata / Rovnyak, David / Capaldi, Elizabeth A

Viruses

2021 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: Managed colonies of European honey bees ( ...

Abstract	Managed colonies of European honey bees (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees/genetics ; Bees/metabolism ; Bees/virology ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/virology ; Genome, Insect ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Insect Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Viruses/physiology ; RNA-Seq
Chemical Substances	Insect Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13020287
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Honey Bee and Bumble Bee Antiviral Defense.

McMenamin, Alexander J / Daughenbaugh, Katie F / Parekh, Fenali / Pizzorno, Marie C / Flenniken, Michelle L

Viruses

2018 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: Bees are important plant pollinators in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Managed and wild bees have experienced high average annual colony losses, population declines, and local extinctions in many geographic regions. Multiple factors, including ...

Abstract	Bees are important plant pollinators in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Managed and wild bees have experienced high average annual colony losses, population declines, and local extinctions in many geographic regions. Multiple factors, including virus infections, impact bee health and longevity. The majority of bee-infecting viruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Bee-infecting viruses often cause asymptomatic infections but may also cause paralysis, deformity or death. The severity of infection is governed by bee host immune responses and influenced by additional biotic and abiotic factors. Herein, we highlight studies that have contributed to the current understanding of antiviral defense in bees, including the Western honey bee (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees/immunology ; Bees/virology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Ecosystem ; Insect Viruses ; RNA Interference ; RNA Viruses ; Virus Diseases/immunology ; Virus Diseases/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v10080395
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Methodology for Single Bee and Bee Brain

McDevitt, Jayne C / Gupta, Riju A / Dickinson, Sydney G / Martin, Phillip L / Rieuthavorn, Jean / Freund, Amy / Pizzorno, Marie C / Capaldi, Elizabeth A / Rovnyak, David

Metabolites

2021 Volume 11, Issue 12

Abstract: The feasibility of ... ...

Abstract	The feasibility of metabolomic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo11120864
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Article ; Online: Ectromelia virus accumulates less double-stranded RNA compared to vaccinia virus in BS-C-1 cells.

Frey, Tiffany R / Lehmann, Michael H / Ryan, Colton M / Pizzorno, Marie C / Sutter, Gerd / Hersperger, Adam R

Virology

2017 Volume 509, Page(s) 98–111

Abstract: Most orthopoxviruses, including vaccinia virus (VACV), contain genes in the E3L and K3L families. The protein products of these genes have been shown to combat PKR, a host defense pathway. Interestingly, ectromelia virus (ECTV) contains an E3L ortholog ... ...

Abstract	Most orthopoxviruses, including vaccinia virus (VACV), contain genes in the E3L and K3L families. The protein products of these genes have been shown to combat PKR, a host defense pathway. Interestingly, ectromelia virus (ECTV) contains an E3L ortholog but does not possess an intact K3L gene. Here, we gained insight into how ECTV can still efficiently evade PKR despite lacking K3L. Relative to VACV, we found that ECTV-infected BS-C-1 cells accumulated considerably less double-stranded (ds) RNA, which was due to lower mRNA levels and less transcriptional read-through of some genes by ECTV. The abundance of dsRNA in VACV-infected cells, detected using a monoclonal antibody, was able to activate the RNase L pathway at late time points post-infection. Historically, the study of transcription by orthopoxviruses has largely focused on VACV as a model. Our data suggest that there could be more to learn by studying other members of this genus.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Ectromelia virus/physiology ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Immune Evasion ; RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vaccinia virus/physiology ; Virus Replication ; eIF-2 Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
Chemical Substances	RNA, Double-Stranded ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Viral ; eIF-2 Kinase (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.010
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Article ; Online: Localization of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the brains of the honeybee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus

Evans Elizabeth C / Shah Karan S / Pizzorno Marie C

Virology Journal, Vol 6, Iss 1, p

2009 Volume 182

Abstract: Abstract Background Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that infects European honeybees ( Apis mellifera L.) and has been isolated from the brains of aggressive bees in Japan. DWV is known to be transmitted both vertically and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that infects European honeybees ( Apis mellifera L.) and has been isolated from the brains of aggressive bees in Japan. DWV is known to be transmitted both vertically and horizontally between bees in a colony and can lead to both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in bees. In environmentally stressful conditions, DWV can contribute to the demise of a honeybee colony. The purpose of the current study is to identify regions within the brains of honeybees where DWV replicates using in-situ hybridization. Results In-situ hybridizations were conducted with both sense and antisense probes on the brains of honeybees that were positive for DWV as measured by real-time RT-PCR. The visual neuropils demonstrated detectable levels of the DWV positive-strand genome. The mushroom bodies and antenna lobe neuropils also showed the presence of the viral genome. Weaker staining with the sense probe in the same regions demonstrates that the antigenome is also present and that the virus is actively replicating in these regions of the brain. Conclusion These results demonstrate that in bees infected with DWV the virus is replicating in critical regions of the brain, including the neuropils responsible for vision and olfaction. Therefore DWV infection of the brain could adversely affect critical sensory functions and alter normal bee behavior.
Keywords	Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Microbiology ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Localization of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the brains of the honeybee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus.

Shah, Karan S / Evans, Elizabeth C / Pizzorno, Marie C

Virology journal

2009 Volume 6, Page(s) 182

Abstract: Background: Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that infects European honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and has been isolated from the brains of aggressive bees in Japan. DWV is known to be transmitted both vertically and horizontally ... ...

Abstract	Background: Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that infects European honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and has been isolated from the brains of aggressive bees in Japan. DWV is known to be transmitted both vertically and horizontally between bees in a colony and can lead to both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in bees. In environmentally stressful conditions, DWV can contribute to the demise of a honeybee colony. The purpose of the current study is to identify regions within the brains of honeybees where DWV replicates using in-situ hybridization. Results: In-situ hybridizations were conducted with both sense and antisense probes on the brains of honeybees that were positive for DWV as measured by real-time RT-PCR. The visual neuropils demonstrated detectable levels of the DWV positive-strand genome. The mushroom bodies and antenna lobe neuropils also showed the presence of the viral genome. Weaker staining with the sense probe in the same regions demonstrates that the antigenome is also present and that the virus is actively replicating in these regions of the brain. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that in bees infected with DWV the virus is replicating in critical regions of the brain, including the neuropils responsible for vision and olfaction. Therefore DWV infection of the brain could adversely affect critical sensory functions and alter normal bee behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees/virology ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/virology ; In Situ Hybridization ; RNA Virus Infections/veterinary ; RNA Virus Infections/virology ; RNA Viruses/isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1743-422X
ISSN (online)	1743-422X
DOI	10.1186/1743-422X-6-182
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Article ; Online: Ectromelia virus lacking the E3L ortholog is replication-defective and nonpathogenic but does induce protective immunity in a mouse strain susceptible to lethal mousepox.

Frey, Tiffany R / Forsyth, Katherine S / Sheehan, Maura M / De Haven, Brian C / Pevarnik, Julia G / Hand, Erin S / Pizzorno, Marie C / Eisenlohr, Laurence C / Hersperger, Adam R

Virology

2018 Volume 518, Page(s) 335–348

Abstract: All known orthopoxviruses, including ectromelia virus (ECTV), contain a gene in the E3L family. The protein product of this gene, E3, is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein. It can impact host range and is used by orthopoxviruses to combat cellular ... ...

Abstract	All known orthopoxviruses, including ectromelia virus (ECTV), contain a gene in the E3L family. The protein product of this gene, E3, is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein. It can impact host range and is used by orthopoxviruses to combat cellular defense pathways, such as PKR and RNase L. In this work, we constructed an ECTV mutant with a targeted disruption of the E3L open reading frame (ECTVΔE3L). Infection with this virus resulted in an abortive replication cycle in all cell lines tested. We detected limited transcription of late genes but no significant translation of these mRNAs. Notably, the replication defects of ECTVΔE3L were rescued in human and mouse cells lacking PKR. ECTVΔE3L was nonpathogenic in BALB/c mice, a strain susceptible to lethal mousepox disease. However, infection with ECTVΔE3L induced protective immunity upon subsequent challenge with wild-type virus. In summary, E3L is an essential gene for ECTV.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Line ; Ectromelia virus/genetics ; Ectromelia virus/immunology ; Ectromelia virus/pathogenicity ; Ectromelia virus/physiology ; Ectromelia, Infectious/prevention & control ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Humans ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage ; Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/genetics ; Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	E3L protein, Ectromelia virus ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Viral Proteins ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2018.03.016
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Genome Sequences of Three Cluster AU

Adair, Tamarah L / Stowe, Emily / Pizzorno, Marie C / Krukonis, Gregory / Harrison, Melinda / Cresawn, Steven G / Garlena, Rebecca A / Russell, Daniel A / Pope, Welkin H / Jacobs-Sera, Deborah / Hatfull, Graham F

Genome announcements

2017 Volume 5, Issue 45

Abstract: Caterpillar, Nightmare, and Teacup are cluster AU siphoviral phages isolated from enriched soil ... ...

Abstract	Caterpillar, Nightmare, and Teacup are cluster AU siphoviral phages isolated from enriched soil on
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704277-7
ISSN	2169-8287
ISSN	2169-8287
DOI	10.1128/genomeA.01121-17
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Article ; Online: Honey Bee Deformed Wing Virus Structures Reveal that Conformational Changes Accompany Genome Release.

Organtini, Lindsey J / Shingler, Kristin L / Ashley, Robert E / Capaldi, Elizabeth A / Durrani, Kulsoom / Dryden, Kelly A / Makhov, Alexander M / Conway, James F / Pizzorno, Marie C / Hafenstein, Susan

Journal of virology

2017 Volume 91, Issue 2

Abstract: The picornavirus-like deformed wing virus (DWV) has been directly linked to colony collapse; however, little is known about the mechanisms of host attachment or entry for DWV or its molecular and structural details. Here we report the three-dimensional ( ... ...

Abstract	The picornavirus-like deformed wing virus (DWV) has been directly linked to colony collapse; however, little is known about the mechanisms of host attachment or entry for DWV or its molecular and structural details. Here we report the three-dimensional (3-D) structures of DWV capsids isolated from infected honey bees, including the immature procapsid, the genome-filled virion, the putative entry intermediate (A-particle), and the empty capsid that remains after genome release. The capsids are decorated by large spikes around the 5-fold vertices. The 5-fold spikes had an open flower-like conformation for the procapsid and genome-filled capsids, whereas the putative A-particle and empty capsids that had released the genome had a closed tube-like spike conformation. Between the two conformations, the spikes undergo a significant hinge-like movement that we predicted using a Robetta model of the structure comprising the spike. We conclude that the spike structures likely serve a function during host entry, changing conformation to release the genome, and that the genome may escape from a 5-fold vertex to initiate infection. Finally, the structures illustrate that, similarly to picornaviruses, DWV forms alternate particle conformations implicated in assembly, host attachment, and RNA release. Importance: Honey bees are critical for global agriculture, but dramatic losses of entire hives have been reported in numerous countries since 2006. Deformed wing virus (DWV) and infestation with the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor have been linked to colony collapse disorder. DWV was purified from infected adult worker bees to pursue biochemical and structural studies that allowed the first glimpse into the conformational changes that may be required during transmission and genome release for DWV.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bees/virology ; Capsid/metabolism ; Capsid/ultrastructure ; Insect Viruses/physiology ; Insect Viruses/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Picornaviridae/physiology ; Picornaviridae/ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; Viral Proteins/chemistry ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; Virion/ultrastructure
Chemical Substances	Viral Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/JVI.01795-16
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Article: Complete Genome Sequences of 44

Klyczek, Karen K / Jacobs-Sera, Deborah / Adair, Tamarah L / Adams, Sandra D / Ball, Sarah L / Benjamin, Robert C / Bonilla, J Alfred / Breitenberger, Caroline A / Daniels, Charles J / Gaffney, Bobby L / Harrison, Melinda / Hughes, Lee E / King, Rodney A / Krukonis, Gregory P / Lopez, A Javier / Monsen-Collar, Kirsten / Pizzorno, Marie C / Rinehart, Claire A / Staples, Amanda K /

Stowe, Emily L / Garlena, Rebecca A / Russell, Daniel A / Cresawn, Steven G / Pope, Welkin H / Hatfull, Graham F

Genome announcements

2018 Volume 6, Issue 5

Abstract: We report here the complete genome sequences of 44 phages ... ...

Abstract	We report here the complete genome sequences of 44 phages infecting
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704277-7
ISSN	2169-8287
ISSN	2169-8287
DOI	10.1128/genomeA.01474-17
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