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Article: How can we estimate optimum fertilizer rates with accuracy and precision?

Miguez, Fernando E. / Poffenbarger, Hanna

Agricultural & environmental letters. 2022, v. 7, no. 1

2022

Abstract: For decades, agronomists have invested time and resources to identify the optimum nitrogen (N) rates for cereal crops. The most common method for estimating the agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) is to design a field experiment with several N fertilizer ... ...

Abstract	For decades, agronomists have invested time and resources to identify the optimum nitrogen (N) rates for cereal crops. The most common method for estimating the agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) is to design a field experiment with several N fertilizer rates and fit a regression model to the yield observations. Here, we concentrate on its accuracy and precision given choices of experimental design and statistical analysis. Our first finding is that the choice of functional form has a large agronomic effect on the estimate of the AONR, and this depends on the data‐generating model. Our second finding is that improving the precision and accuracy of AONR estimates will demand an increase in the number of N rates and replications. Finally, we propose that using either the best‐fitting model or a weighted model is preferable to always choosing either the linear‐plateau (negative bias) or quadratic‐plateau (positive bias) models.
Keywords	experimental design ; field experimentation ; models ; nitrogen ; nitrogen fertilizers ; regression analysis
Language	English
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN	2471-9625
DOI	10.1002/ael2.20075
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Effects of silicon supplementation on growth and silicon accumulation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)

Qian, Sara / Poffenbarger, Hanna / Unrine, Jason M.

Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2023 Aug. 27, v. 46, no. 14 p.3535-3546

2023

Abstract: Previous studies of the benefits of silicon (Si) supplementation in turfgrass have had inconsistent results. This study assessed the effect of Si supplementation on biomass production and Si accumulation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bentgrass ...

Abstract	Previous studies of the benefits of silicon (Si) supplementation in turfgrass have had inconsistent results. This study assessed the effect of Si supplementation on biomass production and Si accumulation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Plants were grown in buffered Hoagland’s media (pH 6) with four sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₄) treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mM Si). The two species responded differently to Si supplementation in terms of biomass. For bentgrass, biomass was enhanced by Si supplementation, but only significantly (p < 0.05) at the highest concentration (4 mM Si). Lower Si concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 mM Si) significantly increased biomass in tall fescue compared to control, but there was no increase in biomass at 4 mM Si. There was a positive linear relationship between Si concentrations in media and Si concentrations in tissue. At 4 mM Si, the Si concentrations in aboveground tissue of tall fescue and bentgrass averaged 24 and 30.5 g kg⁻¹ dry mass, respectively. Elevated Si concentrations in growth media promoted formation of silica bodies. The highest Si rates (4 mM Si) resulted in the highest silica body areal coverage in leaves of both species. We observed two silica body morphologies (which we termed long and barbed). Our findings indicate that tall fescue is likely to benefit from Si supplementation when soil pore water dissolved Si is below 0.5 mM, but increases in soil pore water dissolved Si above 2 mM are unlikely to increase biomass. In contrast, benefits in bentgrass may only be realized if dissolved Si in pore water is increased to 4 mM.
Keywords	Agrostis stolonifera ; Festuca arundinacea ; biomass production ; pH ; plant nutrition ; silica ; silicon ; sodium silicate ; soil pore water ; turf grasses ; Hydroponics ; silica body ; turfgrass
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0827
Size	p. 3535-3546.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	446190-3
ISSN	1532-4087 ; 0190-4167
ISSN (online)	1532-4087
ISSN	0190-4167
DOI	10.1080/01904167.2023.2206435
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Corn optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate and application timing when following a rye cover crop

Quinn, Daniel J. / Poffenbarger, Hanna J. / Miguez, Fernando E. / Lee, Chad D.

Field Crops Research. 2023 Feb., v. 291 p.108794-

2023

Abstract: Farmers and researchers continue to question the impact of rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops (RCC) on the optimal N fertilizer rate and grain yield of corn (Zea mays L.). In addition, minimal research has addressed the role of N fertilizer timing on ... ...

Abstract	Farmers and researchers continue to question the impact of rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops (RCC) on the optimal N fertilizer rate and grain yield of corn (Zea mays L.). In addition, minimal research has addressed the role of N fertilizer timing on reducing corn N stress and yield loss following a RCC. In this research, our objectives were to evaluate corn N fertilizer requirement following a RCC and different N fertilizer timings. Trials were established at three locations (2017-20) to evaluate corn response to N fertilizer rate (0 - 303 kg N ha⁻¹) following a RCC and no RCC with preplant and split-applied N fertilizer. A lower plant-available N supply, indicated by lower soil inorganic N and corn chlorophyll content, as well as a reduced plant stand were observed following a RCC. A RCC reduced corn grain yield by 20% at the 0 kg N ha⁻¹ due to apparent N deficiency, but did not reduce corn yield at the agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) or the economic optimum N rate (EONR). The AONR and EONR were statistically similar regardless of RCC presence and N application timing. However, corn chlorophyll content, agronomic efficiency, and yield was increased following a split N application. In addition, a quadratic-plateau regression analysis indicated greater yield increase per unit N applied for a split application than a preplant application. Our results suggest that farmers in similar production environments may benefit from a split N application to improve corn N use efficiency and yield regardless of the presence of a RCC. However, split application may be appealing following a RCC, where lower plant-available N supply requires more efficient fertilizer delivery to limit a higher N fertilizer rate.
Keywords	Secale cereale ; Zea mays ; chlorophyll ; corn ; cover crops ; fertilizer rates ; grain yield ; nitrogen fertilizers ; nutrient use efficiency ; regression analysis ; research ; rye ; soil ; split application ; AONR ; C ; EONR ; N ; QP ; RCC ; SOM ; UAN ; YAONR ; Maize ; Nitrogen ; Cover crop ; Agronomy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	435684-6
ISSN	1872-6852 ; 0378-4290
ISSN (online)	1872-6852
ISSN	0378-4290
DOI	10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108794
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Litter quality and living roots affected the formation of new mineral-associated organic carbon but did not affect total mineral-associated organic carbon in a short-term incubation

Canisares, Lucas P. / Banet, Travis / Rinehart, Brian / McNear, David / Poffenbarger, Hanna

Geoderma. 2023 Feb., v. 430 p.116302-

2023

Abstract: Storing carbon (C) in soil organic matter (SOM) is critical for mitigating climate change as well as for providing food security under extreme weather events. Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), which is the organic matter attached to silt and clay, ...

Abstract	Storing carbon (C) in soil organic matter (SOM) is critical for mitigating climate change as well as for providing food security under extreme weather events. Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), which is the organic matter attached to silt and clay, has a longer residence time than the light, sand-sized particulate organic matter (POM). Hence, increasing the C in this fraction is thought to be important for long-term C storage. However, the influence of litter quality and living plants on new MAOM formation and MAOM turnover is unclear. We hypothesized that lower C:N litter would form MAOM more efficiently and result in more MOAM than higher C:N litter because lower C:N litter favors biomass production of microbes, which are thought to be an important precursor of MAOM. In addition, we hypothesized that living plants would amplify the effect of litter quality on MAOM formation and turnover because roots growing with low C:N litter would be less N-stressed and rely less on MAOM turnover to access N than roots growing in high C:N litter. We conducted a greenhouse study where soil was mixed with four different plant litter treatments: a control without litter, soybean (Glycine max) with C:N = 21, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) with C:N = 35, and sudex (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench × S. sudanense [P.] Staph.) with C:N = 65. The four litter treatments were incubated with and without living oats (Avena sativa). The incubation was maintained for 40 days, and over this period soybean and buckwheat lost 89 % of their initial dry matter while sudex lost 69 % of its initial dry matter. Contrary to our expectation, the litter with the higher C:N (sudex) had the greatest proportion of degraded C transferred to MAOM (i.e., the litter MAOM-C transfer efficiency). However, the litter MAOM-C transfer efficiency was not associated with the total MAOM-C at the end of the incubation. The presence of living plants increased the amount of MAOM-C derived from soybean and sudex litter, but it did not increase the total MAOM-C. Thus, our results demonstrate that high C:N litter can efficiently form new MAOM-C, which can be enhanced by the presence of living plants, but the greater MAOM-C formation may be accompanied by a loss of pre-existing MAOM-C.
Keywords	Avena sativa ; Fagopyrum esculentum ; Glycine max ; Sorghum bicolor ; biomass production ; buckwheat ; carbon sequestration ; clay ; climate change ; food security ; greenhouse experimentation ; organic carbon ; particulate organic matter ; plant litter ; soil organic matter ; soybeans ; weather ; Mineral-associated organic matter ; Carbon transfer efficiency
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	281080-3
ISSN	1872-6259 ; 0016-7061
ISSN (online)	1872-6259
ISSN	0016-7061
DOI	10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116302
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Contributions of plant breeding to soil carbon storage: Retrospect and prospects

Poffenbarger, Hanna / Castellano, Michael / Egli, Dennis / Jaconi, Angelica / Moore, Virginia

Crop Science. 2023 , v. 63, no. 3 p.990-1018

2023

Abstract: There is interest in harnessing cropland C storage potential at a large scale to mitigate climate change and improve land productivity. While the effects of soil management practices on C storage have been studied extensively, opportunities to select for ...

Abstract	There is interest in harnessing cropland C storage potential at a large scale to mitigate climate change and improve land productivity. While the effects of soil management practices on C storage have been studied extensively, opportunities to select for C sequestration traits in crop plants remain largely unexplored. This review describes how genetic improvement of major US crops may have altered soil C stocks historically and identifies potential opportunities for plant breeding to increase cropland C stocks. Through quantitative literature review, we find that breeding has led to an increase in aboveground residue C inputs to the soil for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr) and a decrease in aboveground residue C inputs for wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum turgidum L.). Breeding has largely not altered the root:shoot ratio of these crops. Given that there is limited potential for further major improvements in harvest index, breeding for high grain yields may necessitate increasing aboveground biomass and residue production in the future. Crop root traits and residue quality may influence the stabilization of crop‐derived C in soil, but there is uncertainty regarding historical changes in these traits due to breeding, the magnitude of their effect on soil organic C stocks, and tradeoffs or synergies with breeding for high yield. Nevertheless, root traits such as suberin content, rhizodeposition, mycorrhizal association, and depth emerge as potential targets for more efficient C stabilization. There is also a large opportunity for plant breeding to enhance the performance of cover crops, double crops, perennial grains, and perennial groundcovers, which can increase annual C inputs to the soil by occupying fallow periods. Our review reveals that there are many opportunities for plant genetic improvement to fix more C in cropping systems and enhance its stabilization in the soil to meet the goals of sustainable intensification and cropland C capture.
Keywords	Glycine max ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum turgidum ; Zea mays ; aboveground biomass ; carbon sequestration ; climate change ; corn ; cropland ; genetic improvement ; harvest index ; land productivity ; rhizodeposition ; root shoot ratio ; soil ; soil management ; soil organic carbon ; suberin ; uncertainty ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Size	p. 990-1018.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	410209-5
ISSN	0011-183X
ISSN	0011-183X
DOI	10.1002/csc2.20920
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Chemical differences in cover crop residue quality are maintained through litter decay.

Thapa, Resham / Cabrera, Miguel / Schomberg, Harry H / Reberg-Horton, Chris / Poffenbarger, Hanna / Mirsky, Steven B

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e0289352

Abstract: As plant litter decomposes, its mass exponentially decreases until it reaches a non-zero asymptote. However, decomposition rates vary considerably among litter types as a function of their overall quality (i.e., carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio and litter ... ...

Abstract	As plant litter decomposes, its mass exponentially decreases until it reaches a non-zero asymptote. However, decomposition rates vary considerably among litter types as a function of their overall quality (i.e., carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio and litter chemistry). We investigated the effects of hairy vetch (HV: Vicia villosa Roth):cereal rye (RYE: Secale cereale L.) biomass proportions with or without broadcasted poultry manure on overall litter quality before and during decomposition. As HV biomass proportions increased from 0 to 100%, the relative susceptibility of HV:RYE mixtures to microbial decomposition increased due to: (i) decrease in the initial C:N ratio (87:1 to 10:1 in 2012 and 67:1 to 9:1 in 2013), (ii) increase in the non-structural labile carbohydrates (33 to 61% across years), and (iii) decrease in the structural holo-cellulose (59 to 33% across years) and lignin (8 to 6% across years) fractions. Broadcasted poultry manure decreased the overall initial quality of HV-dominated litters and increased the overall initial quality of RYE-dominated litters. Across all HV:RYE biomass proportions with or without poultry manure, chemical changes during litter decay were related to proportional mass loss. Therefore, the relative decrease in carbohydrates and the concomitant increase in holo-cellulose and lignin fractions were more pronounced for fast decomposing litter types, i.e., litters dominated by HV rather than RYE. While our results suggest possible convergence of litter C:N ratios, initial differences in litter chemistry neither converged nor diverged. Therefore, we conclude that the initial chemistry of litter before decomposition exerts a strong control on its chemical composition throughout the decay continuum.
MeSH term(s)	Lignin/analysis ; Manure/analysis ; Biomass ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Carbon/analysis ; Cellulose/analysis ; Vicia ; Edible Grain/chemistry ; Soil ; Plant Leaves/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Lignin (9005-53-2) ; Manure ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Cellulose (9004-34-6) ; Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0289352
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Weather-dependent relationships between topographic variables and yield of maize and soybean

Leuthold, Sam J. / Wendroth, Ole / Salmerón, Montserrat / Poffenbarger, Hanna

Field crops research. 2022 Feb. 01, v. 276

2022

Abstract: Weather and topography are two important drivers of spatial variability in crop yield, but interactions between these two factors remain poorly understood. To elucidate how spatial yield variability shifts in response to precipitation, we collected data ... ...

Abstract	Weather and topography are two important drivers of spatial variability in crop yield, but interactions between these two factors remain poorly understood. To elucidate how spatial yield variability shifts in response to precipitation, we collected data from published literature that examined the yield response of maize (Zea mays L.) or soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) to elevation, slope, planar curvature, or profile curvature. From these studies, we extracted correlations between yield and topographic variables for 86 site-years. We assessed the response of yield–topography correlations to the spring and total growing season precipitation of each site-year. Averaged across all site-years, maize yield was negatively correlated to elevation and planar curvature while soybean yield was negatively correlated to slope. For maize, the correlations between yield and elevation, slope, planar curvature, and profile curvature increased from negative to positive with increasing growing season precipitation, whereas for soybean the correlations between yield and elevation and between yield and slope became more negative with increasing growing season precipitation. Spring precipitation was a better predictor of yield–topography correlations than growing season precipitation for soybean but not for maize. We conclude that maize and soybean generally yield higher in low-elevation and low-slope landscape positions, respectively, but the yield–topography relationships vary with precipitation.
Keywords	Glycine max ; Zea mays ; corn ; crop yield ; landscapes ; research ; soybeans ; spring ; weather
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	435684-6
ISSN	1872-6852 ; 0378-4290
ISSN (online)	1872-6852
ISSN	0378-4290
DOI	10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108368
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A method for phenotyping roots of large plants

Rinehart, Brian / Poffenbarger, Hanna / Lau, Daniel / McNear, Dave

The Plant Phenome Journal. 2022, v. 5, no. 1 p.e20041-

2022

Abstract: Linking root traits to plant functions can enable crop improvement for yield and ecosystem functions. However, plant breeding efforts targeting belowground traits are limited by appropriate phenotyping methods for large root systems. While advances have ... ...

Abstract	Linking root traits to plant functions can enable crop improvement for yield and ecosystem functions. However, plant breeding efforts targeting belowground traits are limited by appropriate phenotyping methods for large root systems. While advances have been made allowing for imaging large in situ root systems, many of these methods are inaccessible due to expensive technology requirements. The aim of this work was to develop a plant phenotyping platform and analysis method suitable for assessing root traits of large, intact root systems. With the use of a purpose‐built imaging table and automated photo capture system, machine learning‐based image segmentation, and off‐the‐shelf trait analysis software, the developed method yielded results of comparable accuracy to commercial root scanning platforms without requiring access to prohibitively expensive equipment. This methodology enables root studies to move beyond the size limitations of scanner‐based methods, integrate whole‐system traits like root depth distribution, and save time on root image capture.
Keywords	automation ; computer software ; ecosystems ; equipment ; image analysis ; phenotype
Language	English
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN	2578-2703
DOI	10.1002/ppj2.20041
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Article: Rye Cover Crop and In-Furrow Fertilizer and Fungicide Impacts on Corn Optimum Seeding Rate and Grain Yield

Quinn, Daniel J. / Poffenbarger, Hanna J. / Lee, Chad D.

European journal of agronomy. 2022 Apr. 25,

2022

Abstract: Higher corn seeding rates and in-furrow fertilizer and fungicide combinations may be effective tools to overcome early-season corn (Zea mays L.) stress, stand reductions, and yield loss following a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop (RCC). The objective ... ...

Abstract	Higher corn seeding rates and in-furrow fertilizer and fungicide combinations may be effective tools to overcome early-season corn (Zea mays L.) stress, stand reductions, and yield loss following a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop (RCC). The objective of this research trial was to evaluate corn growth and yield response and optimum seeding rate requirement following a RCC and different in-furrow starter treatments. Trials were established at three Kentucky, USA locations (2017-20, 7 site-years to evaluate corn response to seeding rate (49421 – 108726 seeds ha⁻¹) following a RCC and no cover crop, and in-furrow fertilizer (10-34-0) + fungicide (pyraclostrobin) and no in-furrow starter. At 2 of 3 locations, a RCC reduced corn V5 chlorophyll content and grain yield by 3.1 and 2.7%, respectively. The inclusion of an in-furrow starter failed to increase corn yield at any location and no interaction with a RCC was observed. Furthermore, an in-furrow starter reduced corn plant stand by 3.2% at 2 of 3 locations. At Lexington, quadratic regression analysis revealed that a higher corn agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) and economic optimum seeding rate (EOSR) was required to maximize corn following a RCC compared to no cover crop. However, no significant stand loss was observed at this location. Overall, these results suggest that in-furrow fertilizer and fungicide do not ameliorate negative effects from a RCC and may cause negative impacts when applied simultaneously in-furrow. In addition, a higher corn AOSR and EOSR may be required following a RCC to maximize corn yield. However, because the effects of a RCC on AOSR were inconsistent among locations, further research may be required.
Keywords	Secale cereale ; Zea mays ; agronomy ; chlorophyll ; corn ; cover crops ; fertilizers ; grain yield ; pyraclostrobin ; regression analysis ; rye ; Kentucky
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0425
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1157136-6
ISSN	1873-7331 ; 1161-0301
ISSN (online)	1873-7331
ISSN	1161-0301
DOI	10.1016/j.eja.2022.126529
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Article: Genetic Variation and Heritability of Sensory and Artisan Bread Traits in a Set of SRW Wheat Breeding Lines.

Castellari, Maria P / Simsek, Senay / Ohm, Jae-Bom / Perry, Robert / Poffenbarger, Hanna J / Phillips, Timothy D / Jacobsen, Krista L / Van Sanford, David A

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 13

Abstract: Focus on local food production and supply chains has heightened in recent years, as evidenced and amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the suitability of soft red winter (SRW) wheat breeding lines for local artisan bakers ... ...

Abstract	Focus on local food production and supply chains has heightened in recent years, as evidenced and amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the suitability of soft red winter (SRW) wheat breeding lines for local artisan bakers interested in locally sourced, strong gluten wheat for bread. Seventy-six genotyped SRW wheat breeding lines were milled into whole wheat flour and baked into small loaves. Bread aroma, flavor, and texture were evaluated by a sensory panel, and bread quality traits, including sedimentation volume, dough extensibility, and loaf volume, were measured to estimate heritability. SE-HPLC was performed on white flour, and breeding lines were characterized for different protein fraction ratios. Heritability of loaf volume was moderately high (h
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods12132617
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