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  1. Book: Settings for health promotion

    Poland, Blake D.

    linking theory and practice

    2000  

    Author's details Blake D. Poland ... ed
    Language English
    Size VIII, 373 S.
    Publisher Sage
    Publishing place Thousand Oaks u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT012925125
    ISBN 0-8039-7419-1 ; 0-8039-7418-3 ; 978-0-8039-7419-7 ; 978-0-8039-7418-0
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2001 A 1318 order for loan Magazin

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  2. Article ; Online: Mapping new theoretical and methodological terrain for knowledge translation: contributions from critical realism and the arts.

    Kontos, Pia C / Poland, Blake D

    Implementation science : IS

    2009  Volume 4, Page(s) 1

    Abstract: Background: Clinical practice guidelines have been a popular tool for the improvement of health care through the implementation of evidence from systematic research. Yet, it is increasingly clear that knowledge alone is insufficient to change practice. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Clinical practice guidelines have been a popular tool for the improvement of health care through the implementation of evidence from systematic research. Yet, it is increasingly clear that knowledge alone is insufficient to change practice. The social, cultural, and material contexts within which practice occurs may invite or reject innovation, complement or inhibit the activities required for success, and sustain or alter adherence to entrenched practices. However, knowledge translation (KT) models are limited in providing insight about how and why contextual contingencies interact, the causal mechanisms linking structural aspects of context and individual agency, and how these mechanisms influence KT. Another limitation of KT models is the neglect of methods to engage potential adopters of the innovation in critical reflection about aspects of context that influence practice, the relevance and meaning of innovation in the context of practice, and the identification of strategies for bringing about meaningful change.
    Discussion: This paper presents a KT model, the Critical Realism and the Arts Research Utilization Model (CRARUM), that combines critical realism and arts-based methodologies. Critical realism facilitates understanding of clinical settings by providing insight into the interrelationship between its structures and potentials, and individual action. The arts nurture empathy, and can foster reflection on the ways in which contextual factors influence and shape clinical practice, and how they may facilitate or impede change. The combination of critical realism and the arts within the CRARUM model promotes the successful embedding of interventions, and greater impact and sustainability.
    Conclusion: CRARUM has the potential to strengthen the science of implementation research by addressing the complexities of practice settings, and engaging potential adopters to critically reflect on existing and proposed practices and strategies for sustaining change.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1748-5908
    ISSN (online) 1748-5908
    DOI 10.1186/1748-5908-4-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Mapping new theoretical and methodological terrain for knowledge translation

    Kontos Pia C / Poland Blake D

    Implementation Science, Vol 4, Iss 1, p

    contributions from critical realism and the arts

    2009  Volume 1

    Abstract: Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines have been a popular tool for the improvement of health care through the implementation of evidence from systematic research. Yet, it is increasingly clear that knowledge alone is insufficient to change ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines have been a popular tool for the improvement of health care through the implementation of evidence from systematic research. Yet, it is increasingly clear that knowledge alone is insufficient to change practice. The social, cultural, and material contexts within which practice occurs may invite or reject innovation, complement or inhibit the activities required for success, and sustain or alter adherence to entrenched practices. However, knowledge translation (KT) models are limited in providing insight about how and why contextual contingencies interact, the causal mechanisms linking structural aspects of context and individual agency, and how these mechanisms influence KT. Another limitation of KT models is the neglect of methods to engage potential adopters of the innovation in critical reflection about aspects of context that influence practice, the relevance and meaning of innovation in the context of practice, and the identification of strategies for bringing about meaningful change. Discussion This paper presents a KT model, the Critical Realism and the Arts Research Utilization Model (CRARUM), that combines critical realism and arts-based methodologies. Critical realism facilitates understanding of clinical settings by providing insight into the interrelationship between its structures and potentials, and individual action. The arts nurture empathy, and can foster reflection on the ways in which contextual factors influence and shape clinical practice, and how they may facilitate or impede change. The combination of critical realism and the arts within the CRARUM model promotes the successful embedding of interventions, and greater impact and sustainability. Conclusion CRARUM has the potential to strengthen the science of implementation research by addressing the complexities of practice settings, and engaging potential adopters to critically reflect on existing and proposed practices and strategies for sustaining change.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 650
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Becoming a 'real' smoker: cultural capital in young women's accounts of smoking and other substance use.

    Haines, Rebecca J / Poland, Blake D / Johnson, Joy L

    Sociology of health & illness

    2009  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 66–80

    Abstract: This paper draws from a qualitative study of tobacco use by young women in Toronto, Canada. Narrative interviews were used to understand the multiple roles and functions of smoking within the everyday lives of female adolescents. Guided by a Bourdieusian ...

    Abstract This paper draws from a qualitative study of tobacco use by young women in Toronto, Canada. Narrative interviews were used to understand the multiple roles and functions of smoking within the everyday lives of female adolescents. Guided by a Bourdieusian theoretical framework this study employed the core construct of cultural capital in order to position tobacco and other substance use as field-specific capital that young women accumulate while navigating the social worlds of adolescence. Departing from the psychosocial or peer-influence models that inform the majority of tobacco research with young people, this analysis provides a nuanced understanding of how smoking, drinking, using drugs are much more than simple forms of teenage experimentation or rebellion, but can also serve as key resources for defining the self, acquiring status and making social distinctions within adolescent social worlds. In this context it is also argued that initiation into substance use practices is a way that young women demonstrate and develop social and cultural competencies.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Ontario ; Power (Psychology) ; Self Concept ; Smoking/psychology ; Social Environment ; Social Identification ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 795552-2
    ISSN 1467-9566 ; 0141-9889
    ISSN (online) 1467-9566
    ISSN 0141-9889
    DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2008.01119.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: 'The missing picture': tobacco use through the eyes of smokers.

    Haines, Rebecca J / Oliffe, John L / Bottorff, Joan L / Poland, Blake D

    Tobacco control

    2010  Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 206–212

    Abstract: Background: The use of visual methodologies has gained increased prominence among health researchers working with socially marginalised populations, including those studying tobacco and other types of substance use.: Objectives: This article draws ... ...

    Abstract Background: The use of visual methodologies has gained increased prominence among health researchers working with socially marginalised populations, including those studying tobacco and other types of substance use.
    Objectives: This article draws from two separate studies combining qualitative and photographic methods to illustrate the unique insights that visual research with smokers can generate for tobacco control.
    Methods: A purposeful selection of photographs and captions produced by research participants in a study with (1) 20 new fathers that smoke and, (2) a study with 21 adolescent girls that smoke are analysed and discussed in detail.
    Results: Images produced by smokers illustrate the roles of gender and social context in shaping smoking status, as well as the private struggles with tobacco use experienced by smokers in their day-to-day lives and relationships.
    Conclusions: Photographic methods have the potential to generate information that may assist in developing tobacco control messaging and programming that speaks to smokers' perceptions of their tobacco use.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Adult ; Fathers ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Male ; Photography ; Self Concept ; Smoking/psychology ; Social Environment ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1146554-2
    ISSN 1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
    ISSN (online) 1468-3318
    ISSN 0964-4563
    DOI 10.1136/tc.2008.027565
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Creating the socially marginalised youth smoker: the role of tobacco control.

    Frohlich, Katherine L / Mykhalovskiy, Eric / Poland, Blake D / Haines-Saah, Rebecca / Johnson, Joy

    Sociology of health & illness

    2012  Volume 34, Issue 7, Page(s) 978–993

    Abstract: We discuss how the tobacco control discourse on youth smoking in Canada appears to be producing and constituting socially marginalised smokers. We analyse material from a study on social inequalities in Canadian youth smoking. Individual interviews were ... ...

    Abstract We discuss how the tobacco control discourse on youth smoking in Canada appears to be producing and constituting socially marginalised smokers. We analyse material from a study on social inequalities in Canadian youth smoking. Individual interviews were conducted in 2007 and 2008 with tobacco control practitioners specialising in youth smoking prevention in British Columbia and Quebec. We found that the discourse on youth smoking is creating a set of divisive practices, separating youths who have a capacity for self-control from those who do not, youths who are able to make responsible decisions from those who are not - with these distinctions often framed as a function of social class. Youths who smoke were not described simply as persons who smoke cigarettes but as individuals who, through their economic and social marginalisation, are biologically fated and behaviourally inclined to be smokers. This 'smokers' risk' discourse obscures the social structural conditions under which people smoke and reproduces the biological and behavioural reductionism of biomedicine. The collision of risk and class in the discourse on poor youth who smoke may not only be doubly burdening but may intensify social inequalities in youth smoking by forming subcultures of resistance and risk-taking.
    MeSH term(s) Administrative Personnel/psychology ; Administrative Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Canada/epidemiology ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Health Promotion/methods ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Program Evaluation ; Qualitative Research ; Risk Factors ; Risk Reduction Behavior ; Risk-Taking ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence ; Smoking/psychology ; Social Class ; Social Marginalization ; Tobacco Use Cessation/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 795552-2
    ISSN 1467-9566 ; 0141-9889
    ISSN (online) 1467-9566
    ISSN 0141-9889
    DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01449.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 2727: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article: Involving street youth in peer harm reduction education. The challenges of evaluation.

    Poland, Blake D / Tupker, Elsbeth / Breland, Kim

    Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

    2002  Volume 93, Issue 5, Page(s) 344–348

    Abstract: Objectives: To describe and discuss the challenges in evaluation of a participatory action research with street-involved youth.: Methods: A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized for both process and outcome evaluations. ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To describe and discuss the challenges in evaluation of a participatory action research with street-involved youth.
    Methods: A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized for both process and outcome evaluations. Process evaluation methods included in-depth individual interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and session debriefing forms. Summative evaluation research included focus testing of the harm reduction video and a survey of video users.
    Findings: Members of the youth team reported favourably on the experience, citing friendship, skills development, fun, and pride of accomplishment among the key benefits of participation. Political tensions arose because of the focus on reducing harm from drug use rather than encouraging abstension. The heavy demands of participatory research and development, resource constraints and the priority given to product development in these kinds of projects necessarily precludes extensive youth participation in the design, implementation and analysis of additional evaluation research. Even when resources are directed towards evaluation, there is a tendency to focus on data collection, which may limit time and resources for data analysis. Finally, there is an inclination to focus on the product development rather than dissemination and impact of the product.
    Interpretation: Despite the challenges inherent in participatory action research and its evaluation, this project was regarded as an empowering experience by the street youth who participated in it. It is worthwhile to direct resources to evaluation which optimally gives proportional attention to data collection as well as data analysis, and focusses not only on product development but also on its dissemination and impact.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Community Participation ; Focus Groups ; Health Education/methods ; Health Planning ; Homeless Youth/education ; Humans ; Peer Group ; Persuasive Communication ; Power, Psychological ; Program Evaluation ; Public Health ; Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-09-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 417262-0
    ISSN 0008-4263
    ISSN 0008-4263
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Book: Settings for health promotion

    Poland, Blake D / Green, Lawrence W / Rootman, I

    linking theory and practice

    2000  

    Author's details Blake D. Poland, Lawrence W. Green, Irving Rootman, editors
    MeSH term(s) Health Promotion ; Social Medicine ; Community Health Services
    Language English
    Size viii, 373 p. :, ill. ;, 24 cm.
    Publisher Sage Publications
    Publishing place Thousand Oaks, Calif
    Document type Book
    ISBN 9780803974180 ; 0803974183 ; 9780803974197 ; 0803974191
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  9. Article: Is 'stage of change' related to knowledge of health effects and support for tobacco control?

    Cohen, Joanna E / Pederson, Linda L / Ashley, Mary Jane / Bull, Shelley B / Ferrence, Roberta / Poland, Blake D

    Addictive behaviors

    2002  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–61

    Abstract: We examine the heterogeneity among current and former smokers categorized by 'stage of change' with respect to their perceptions about tobacco and tobacco control. Current and former smokers (n = 846) from a general population sample of adults in Ontario, ...

    Abstract We examine the heterogeneity among current and former smokers categorized by 'stage of change' with respect to their perceptions about tobacco and tobacco control. Current and former smokers (n = 846) from a general population sample of adults in Ontario, Canada, were subdivided according to the stages of change categories (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination) and compared on measures of knowledge, attitudes, and support. Multivariate analyses were conducted adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Adjusted overall increases across the six stages were observed for seven of eight knowledge items and for all attitude and support items. Among current smokers, adjusted increases across the three stages were detected for a majority of items. However, statistically significant differences from one stage to the next, across all three current smoker stages, were detected only for one item. Among former smokers, adjusted increases across the three stages were observed for a minority of items. The stages of change classification was useful for differentiating subgroups of current smokers with regard to knowledge, attitudes, and support for tobacco control measures.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking Prevention ; Social Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-01-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197618-7
    ISSN 1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
    ISSN (online) 1873-6327
    ISSN 0306-4603
    DOI 10.1016/s0306-4603(00)00162-3
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