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  1. Article ; Online: Curiosity and the dynamics of optimal exploration.

    Poli, Francesco / O'Reilly, Jill X / Mars, Rogier B / Hunnius, Sabine

    Trends in cognitive sciences

    2024  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 441–453

    Abstract: What drives our curiosity remains an elusive and hotly debated issue, with multiple hypotheses proposed but a cohesive account yet to be established. This review discusses traditional and emergent theories that frame curiosity as a desire to know and a ... ...

    Abstract What drives our curiosity remains an elusive and hotly debated issue, with multiple hypotheses proposed but a cohesive account yet to be established. This review discusses traditional and emergent theories that frame curiosity as a desire to know and a drive to learn, respectively. We adopt a model-based approach that maps the temporal dynamics of various factors underlying curiosity-based exploration, such as uncertainty, information gain, and learning progress. In so doing, we identify the limitations of past theories and posit an integrated account that harnesses their strengths in describing curiosity as a tool for optimal environmental exploration. In our unified account, curiosity serves as a 'common currency' for exploration, which must be balanced with other drives such as safety and hunger to achieve efficient action.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; Learning/physiology ; Animals ; Models, Psychological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010989-1
    ISSN 1879-307X ; 1364-6613
    ISSN (online) 1879-307X
    ISSN 1364-6613
    DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Eight-Month-Old Infants Meta-Learn by Downweighting Irrelevant Evidence.

    Poli, Francesco / Ghilardi, Tommaso / Mars, Rogier B / Hinne, Max / Hunnius, Sabine

    Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science

    2023  Volume 7, Page(s) 141–155

    Abstract: Infants learn to navigate the complexity of the physical and social world at an outstanding pace, but how they accomplish this learning is still largely unknown. Recent advances in human and artificial intelligence research propose that a key feature to ... ...

    Abstract Infants learn to navigate the complexity of the physical and social world at an outstanding pace, but how they accomplish this learning is still largely unknown. Recent advances in human and artificial intelligence research propose that a key feature to achieving quick and efficient learning is meta-learning, the ability to make use of prior experiences to learn how to learn better in the future. Here we show that 8-month-old infants successfully engage in meta-learning within very short timespans after being exposed to a new learning environment. We developed a Bayesian model that captures how infants attribute informativity to incoming events, and how this process is optimized by the meta-parameters of their hierarchical models over the task structure. We fitted the model with infants' gaze behavior during a learning task. Our results reveal how infants actively use past experiences to generate new inductive biases that allow future learning to proceed faster.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-2986
    ISSN (online) 2470-2986
    DOI 10.1162/opmi_a_00079
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Contributions of expected learning progress and perceptual novelty to curiosity-driven exploration.

    Poli, Francesco / Meyer, Marlene / Mars, Rogier B / Hunnius, Sabine

    Cognition

    2022  Volume 225, Page(s) 105119

    Abstract: Exploration is curiosity-driven when it relies on the intrinsic motivation to know rather than on extrinsic rewards. Recent evidence shows that artificial agents perform better on a variety of tasks when their learning is curiosity-driven, and humans ... ...

    Abstract Exploration is curiosity-driven when it relies on the intrinsic motivation to know rather than on extrinsic rewards. Recent evidence shows that artificial agents perform better on a variety of tasks when their learning is curiosity-driven, and humans often engage in curiosity-driven learning when sampling information from the environment. However, which mechanisms underlie curiosity is still unclear. Here, we let participants freely explore different unknown environments that contained learnable sequences of events with varying degrees of noise and volatility. A hierarchical reinforcement learning model captured how participants were learning in these different kinds of unknown environments, and it also tracked the errors they expected to make and the learning opportunities they were planning to seek. With this computational approach, we show that participants' exploratory behavior is guided by learning progress and perceptual novelty. Moreover, we demonstrate an overall tendency of participants to avoid extreme forms of uncertainty. These findings elucidate the cognitive mechanisms that underlie curiosity-driven exploration of unknown environments. Implications of this novel way of quantifying curiosity within a reinforcement learning framework are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Exploratory Behavior ; Humans ; Learning ; Motivation ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Reward
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1499940-7
    ISSN 1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
    ISSN (online) 1873-7838
    ISSN 0010-0277
    DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: How infant-directed actions enhance infants' attention, learning, and exploration: Evidence from EEG and computational modeling.

    Meyer, Marlene / van Schaik, Johanna E / Poli, Francesco / Hunnius, Sabine

    Developmental science

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) e13259

    Abstract: When teaching infants new actions, parents tend to modify their movements. Infants prefer these infant-directed actions (IDAs) over adult-directed actions and learn well from them. Yet, it remains unclear how parents' action modulations capture infants' ... ...

    Abstract When teaching infants new actions, parents tend to modify their movements. Infants prefer these infant-directed actions (IDAs) over adult-directed actions and learn well from them. Yet, it remains unclear how parents' action modulations capture infants' attention. Typically, making movements larger than usual is thought to draw attention. Recent findings, however, suggest that parents might exploit movement variability to highlight actions. We hypothesized that variability in movement amplitude rather than higher amplitude is capturing infants' attention during IDAs. Using EEG, we measured 15-month-olds' brain activity while they were observing action demonstrations with normal, high, or variable amplitude movements. Infants' theta power (4-5 Hz) in fronto-central channels was compared between conditions. Frontal theta was significantly higher, indicating stronger attentional engagement, in the variable compared to the other conditions. Computational modelling showed that infants' frontal theta power was predicted best by how surprising each movement was. Thus, surprise induced by variability in movements rather than large movements alone engages infants' attention during IDAs. Infants with higher theta power for variable movements were more likely to perform actions successfully and to explore objects novel in the context of the given goal. This highlights the brain mechanisms by which IDAs enhance infants' attention, learning, and exploration.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Infant ; Humans ; Learning ; Movement ; Brain ; Parents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2023952-X
    ISSN 1467-7687 ; 1363-755X
    ISSN (online) 1467-7687
    ISSN 1363-755X
    DOI 10.1111/desc.13259
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Individual differences in processing speed and curiosity explain infant habituation and dishabituation performance.

    Poli, Francesco / Ghilardi, Tommaso / Beijers, Roseriet / de Weerth, Carolina / Hinne, Max / Mars, Rogier B / Hunnius, Sabine

    Developmental science

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) e13460

    Abstract: Habituation and dishabituation are the most prevalent measures of infant cognitive functioning, and they have reliably been shown to predict later cognitive outcomes. Yet, the exact mechanisms underlying infant habituation and dishabituation are still ... ...

    Abstract Habituation and dishabituation are the most prevalent measures of infant cognitive functioning, and they have reliably been shown to predict later cognitive outcomes. Yet, the exact mechanisms underlying infant habituation and dishabituation are still unclear. To investigate them, we tested 106 8-month-old infants on a classic habituation task and a novel visual learning task. We used a hierarchical Bayesian model to identify individual differences in sustained attention, learning performance, processing speed and curiosity from the visual learning task. These factors were then related to habituation and dishabituation. We found that habituation time was related to individual differences in processing speed, while dishabituation was related to curiosity, but only for infants who did not habituate. These results offer novel insights in the mechanisms underlying habituation and serve as proof of concept for hierarchical models as an effective tool to measure individual differences in infant cognitive functioning. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We used a hierarchical Bayesian model to measure individual differences in infants' processing speed, learning performance, sustained attention, and curiosity. Faster processing speed was related to shorter habituation time. High curiosity was related to stronger dishabituation responses, but only for infants who did not habituate.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Humans ; Habituation, Psychophysiologic/physiology ; Processing Speed ; Individuality ; Bayes Theorem ; Exploratory Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2023952-X
    ISSN 1467-7687 ; 1363-755X
    ISSN (online) 1467-7687
    ISSN 1363-755X
    DOI 10.1111/desc.13460
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Building news measures from textual data and an application to volatility forecasting

    Caporin, Massimiliano / Poli, Francesco

    Econometrics : open access journal Vol. 5, No. 3 , p. 1-46

    2017  Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 1–46

    Abstract: We retrieve news stories and earnings announcements of the S&P 100 constituents from two professional news providers, along with ten macroeconomic indicators. We also gather data from Google Trends about these firms’ assets as an index of retail ... ...

    Author's details Massimiliano Caporin and Francesco Poli
    Abstract We retrieve news stories and earnings announcements of the S&P 100 constituents from two professional news providers, along with ten macroeconomic indicators. We also gather data from Google Trends about these firms’ assets as an index of retail investors’ attention. Thus, we create an extensive and innovative database that contains precise information with which to analyze the link between news and asset price dynamics. We detect the sentiment of news stories using a dictionary of sentiment-related words and negations and propose a set of more than five thousand information-based variables that provide natural proxies for the information used by heterogeneous market players. We first shed light on the impact of information measures on daily realized volatility and select them by penalized regression. Then, we perform a forecasting exercise and show that the model augmented with news-related variables provides superior forecasts.
    Keywords volatility ; news ; Google Trends ; sentiment analysis ; big data ; lasso ; regularization
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource
    Publisher MDPI
    Publishing place Basel
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2717594-7
    ISSN 2225-1146
    ISSN 2225-1146
    DOI 10.3390/econometrics5030035
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  7. Book ; Conference proceedings: Derossi Associati

    Poli, Francesco

    racconti di architettura ; [Torino, Fondazione Merz, 13 maggio - 23 luglio 2006]

    2006  

    Institution Derossi Associati
    Fondazione Merz
    Event/congress Mostra (2006.05.13-07.23, Torino)
    Author's details con un testo di Francesco Poli
    Language Italian ; English
    Size 103 S, zahlr. Ill, 28 cm
    Publisher Skira
    Publishing place Milano
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    Note Text ital. und engl.
    ISBN 8876248242 ; 9788876248245
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  8. Article: How to Get Rid of the Belief Bias: Boosting Analytical Thinking via Pragmatics.

    Macchi, Laura / Poli, Francesco / Caravona, Laura / Vezzoli, Michela / Franchella, Miriam A G / Bagassi, Maria

    Europe's journal of psychology

    2019  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 595–613

    Abstract: The previous research attempts to reduce the influence of the belief bias on deductive thinking have often been unsuccessful and, when they succeeded, they failed to replicate. In this paper, we propose a new way to see an old problem. Instead of ... ...

    Abstract The previous research attempts to reduce the influence of the belief bias on deductive thinking have often been unsuccessful and, when they succeeded, they failed to replicate. In this paper, we propose a new way to see an old problem. Instead of considering the analytical abilities of the respondent, we focus on the communicative characteristics of the experimental task. By changing the pragmatics into play through a subtle manipulation of the instruction of the syllogism problem, we obtained a strong improvement in the accuracy of the performance in both untrained and trained in logic respondents. We suggest that current models of deductive thinking should be broadened to consider also communicative understanding as part of the processing of the problem.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-27
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1841-0413
    ISSN 1841-0413
    DOI 10.5964/ejop.v15i3.1794
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Book: Produzione artistica e mercato

    Poli, Francesco

    (Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi ; 237)

    1975  

    Author's details Francesco Poli
    Series title Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi ; 237
    Keywords Kunsthandel
    Size VI, 169 S
    Publisher Giulio Einaudi
    Publishing place Torino
    Document type Book
    Database ECONomics Information System

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