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  1. Article ; Online: The placenta in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.

    Roberts, D J / Post, M D

    Journal of clinical pathology

    2008  Volume 61, Issue 12, Page(s) 1254–1260

    Abstract: Placental examination in pregnancies with complications such as pre-eclampsia/toxaemia of pregnancy (PET) or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can provide insight into specific diagnoses, recurrence risk and chronicity. Placental findings have ... ...

    Abstract Placental examination in pregnancies with complications such as pre-eclampsia/toxaemia of pregnancy (PET) or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can provide insight into specific diagnoses, recurrence risk and chronicity. Placental findings have clinical significance as they can identify the aetiology of the IUGR (as in inborn errors of metabolism) and predict recurrence (as in maternal floor infarcts). Evaluation of obstetric pathology in such pregnancies should be an integral part of clinical care. This review will highlight the placental findings in IUGR and PET.
    MeSH term(s) Decidua/pathology ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology ; Fetal Growth Retardation/pathology ; Humans ; Infarction/pathology ; Placenta/blood supply ; Placenta/pathology ; Pre-Eclampsia/pathology ; Pregnancy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80261-x
    ISSN 1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
    ISSN (online) 1472-4146
    ISSN 0021-9746
    DOI 10.1136/jcp.2008.055236
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: DUF1220 protein domains drive proliferation in human neural stem cells and are associated with increased cortical volume in anthropoid primates.

    Keeney, J G / Davis, J M / Siegenthaler, J / Post, M D / Nielsen, B S / Hopkins, W D / Sikela, J M

    Brain structure & function

    2014  Volume 220, Issue 5, Page(s) 3053–3060

    Abstract: Genome sequences encoding DUF1220 protein domains show a burst in copy number among anthropoid species and especially humans, where they have undergone the greatest human lineage-specific copy number expansion of any protein coding sequence in the genome. ...

    Abstract Genome sequences encoding DUF1220 protein domains show a burst in copy number among anthropoid species and especially humans, where they have undergone the greatest human lineage-specific copy number expansion of any protein coding sequence in the genome. While DUF1220 copy number shows a dosage-related association with brain size in both normal populations and in 1q21.1-associated microcephaly and macrocephaly, a function for these domains has not yet been described. Here we provide multiple lines of evidence supporting the view that DUF1220 domains function as drivers of neural stem cell proliferation among anthropoid species including humans. First, we show that brain MRI data from 131 individuals across 7 anthropoid species shows a strong correlation between DUF1220 copy number and multiple brain size-related measures. Using in situ hybridization analyses of human fetal brain, we also show that DUF1220 domains are expressed in the ventricular zone and primarily during human cortical neurogenesis, and are therefore expressed at the right time and place to be affecting cortical brain development. Finally, we demonstrate that in vitro expression of DUF1220 sequences in neural stem cells strongly promotes proliferation. Taken together, these data provide the strongest evidence so far reported implicating DUF1220 dosage in anthropoid and human brain expansion through mechanisms involving increasing neural stem cell proliferation.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Proliferation/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology ; Organ Size/physiology ; Primates ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-25
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2273162-3
    ISSN 1863-2661 ; 1863-2653
    ISSN (online) 1863-2661
    ISSN 1863-2653
    DOI 10.1007/s00429-014-0814-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Patterns of placental pathology in preterm premature rupture of membranes.

    Armstrong-Wells, J / Post, M D / Donnelly, M / Manco-Johnson, M J / Fisher, B M / Winn, V D

    Journal of developmental origins of health and disease

    2013  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) 249–255

    Abstract: Inflammation is associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and adverse neonatal outcomes. Subchorionic thrombi, with or without inflammation, may also be a significant pathological finding in PPROM. Patterns of inflammation and ... ...

    Abstract Inflammation is associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and adverse neonatal outcomes. Subchorionic thrombi, with or without inflammation, may also be a significant pathological finding in PPROM. Patterns of inflammation and thrombosis may give insight into mechanisms of adverse neonatal outcomes associated with PPROM. To characterize histologic findings of placentas from pregnancies complicated by PPROM at altitude, 44 placentas were evaluated for gross and histological indicators of inflammation and thrombosis. Student's t-test (or Mann-Whitney U-test), χ 2 analysis (or Fisher's exact test), mean square contingency and logistic regression were used when appropriate. The prevalence of histologic acute chorioamnionitis (HCA) was 59%. Fetal-derived inflammation (funisitis and chorionic plate vasculitis) was seen at lower frequency (30% and 45%, respectively) and not always in association with HCA. There was a trend for Hispanic women to have higher odds of funisitis (OR = 5.9; P = 0.05). Subchorionic thrombi were seen in 34% of all placentas. The odds of subchorionic thrombi without HCA was 6.3 times greater that the odds of subchorionic thrombi with HCA (P = 0.02). There was no difference in gestational age or rupture-to-delivery interval, with the presence or absence of inflammatory or thrombotic lesions. These findings suggest that PPROM is caused by or can result in fetal inflammation, placental malperfusion, or both, independent of gestational age or rupture-to-delivery interval; maternal ethnicity and altitude may contribute to these findings. Future studies focused on this constellation of PPROM placental findings, genetic polymorphisms and neonatal outcomes are needed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2554780-X
    ISSN 2040-1752 ; 2040-1744
    ISSN (online) 2040-1752
    ISSN 2040-1744
    DOI 10.1017/S2040174413000056
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  4. Article ; Online: Criteria for polycystic ovarian morphology in polycystic ovary syndrome as a function of age.

    Alsamarai, S / Adams, J M / Murphy, M K / Post, M D / Hayden, D L / Hall, J E / Welt, C K

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

    2009  Volume 94, Issue 12, Page(s) 4961–4970

    Abstract: Concept: Ovaries meeting criteria for polycystic ovary morphology during peak reproductive years may no longer meet the criteria with age.: Objective: Ovarian volume and follicle number decrease with age in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ...

    Abstract Concept: Ovaries meeting criteria for polycystic ovary morphology during peak reproductive years may no longer meet the criteria with age.
    Objective: Ovarian volume and follicle number decrease with age in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), permitting age-dependent criteria for PCOM.
    Design and setting: We conducted longitudinal (7-15 year interval) and cross-sectional studies to examine polycystic ovarian morphology over time at an outpatient clinic and pathology laboratory in a tertiary care hospital.
    Patients: Subjects included those with PCOS defined by the National Institutes of Health criteria (n = 11 and 483 for longitudinal and cross-sectional, respectively) and control women with regular menstrual cycles and no hyperandrogenism (n = 15 and 367), age 18-64 yr.
    Interventions: Subjects underwent an ovarian ultrasound by a single observer.
    Main outcome measures: Ovarian volume and follicle number were measured and ultrasound findings confirmed by a pathologist in a subset (n = 9).
    Results: Ovarian volume (15.2 +/- 7.4 vs. 7.1 +/- 3.7 ml; P < 0.01) and follicle number (12.8 +/- 3.2 vs. 8.1 +/- 3.9; P < 0.05) decreased longitudinally in PCOS and control women (volume 11.6 +/- 4.4 vs. 5.4 +/- 2.2 ml and follicle number 8.3 +/- 1.9 vs. 6.3 +/- 1.8; both P < 0.005). Using cross-sectional data, log ovarian volume and follicle number decreased in both groups, but the decrease in log ovarian volume was less pronounced in women with PCOS than in controls (P < 0.01). A combination of age, log ovarian volume, follicle number, and testosterone distinguished PCOS subjects from controls with a receiver operator characteristic curve area of 0.90.
    Conclusions: Ovarian volume and follicle number decrease with age in women with PCOS and controls necessitating age-based criteria to define polycystic ovarian morphology. It is possible to use these criteria to distinguish PCOS in women over age 40 yr.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aging/physiology ; Anthropometry ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Menstrual Cycle/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Ovary/pathology ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/pathology ; Waist Circumference ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Gonadal Steroid Hormones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-10-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 3029-6
    ISSN 1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
    ISSN (online) 1945-7197
    ISSN 0021-972X
    DOI 10.1210/jc.2009-0839
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    Uh III Zs.134: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article: Letters to the Editor.

    Post, M D

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    1965  Volume 150, Issue 3699, Page(s) 965–966

    Language English
    Publishing date 1965-11-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.150.3699.965-c
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  6. Article ; Online: Significance of histologic pattern of carcinoma and sarcoma components on survival outcomes of uterine carcinosarcoma.

    Matsuo, K / Takazawa, Y / Ross, M S / Elishaev, E / Podzielinski, I / Yunokawa, M / Sheridan, T B / Bush, S H / Klobocista, M M / Blake, E A / Takano, T / Matsuzaki, S / Baba, T / Satoh, S / Shida, M / Nishikawa, T / Ikeda, Y / Adachi, S / Yokoyama, T /
    Takekuma, M / Fujiwara, K / Hazama, Y / Kadogami, D / Moffitt, M N / Takeuchi, S / Nishimura, M / Iwasaki, K / Ushioda, N / Johnson, M S / Yoshida, M / Hakam, A / Li, S W / Richmond, A M / Machida, H / Mhawech-Fauceglia, P / Ueda, Y / Yoshino, K / Yamaguchi, K / Oishi, T / Kajiwara, H / Hasegawa, K / Yasuda, M / Kawana, K / Suda, K / Miyake, T M / Moriya, T / Yuba, Y / Morgan, T / Fukagawa, T / Wakatsuki, A / Sugiyama, T / Pejovic, T / Nagano, T / Shimoya, K / Andoh, M / Shiki, Y / Enomoto, T / Sasaki, T / Mikami, M / Shimada, M / Konishi, I / Kimura, T / Post, M D / Shahzad, M M / Im, D D / Yoshida, H / Omatsu, K / Ueland, F R / Kelley, J L / Karabakhtsian, R G / Roman, L D

    Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology

    2016  Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 1257–1266

    Abstract: Background: To examine the effect of the histology of carcinoma and sarcoma components on survival outcome of uterine carcinosarcoma.: Patients and methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to examine uterine carcinosarcoma cases that ... ...

    Abstract Background: To examine the effect of the histology of carcinoma and sarcoma components on survival outcome of uterine carcinosarcoma.
    Patients and methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to examine uterine carcinosarcoma cases that underwent primary surgical staging. Archived slides were examined and histologic patterns were grouped based on carcinoma (low-grade versus high-grade) and sarcoma (homologous versus heterologous) components, correlating to clinico-pathological demographics and outcomes.
    Results: Among 1192 cases identified, 906 cases were evaluated for histologic patterns (carcinoma/sarcoma) with high-grade/homologous (40.8%) being the most common type followed by high-grade/heterologous (30.9%), low-grade/homologous (18.0%), and low-grade/heterologous (10.3%). On multivariate analysis, high-grade/heterologous (5-year rate, 34.0%, P = 0.024) and high-grade/homologous (45.8%, P = 0.017) but not low-grade/heterologous (50.6%, P = 0.089) were independently associated with decreased progression-free survival (PFS) compared with low-grade/homologous (60.3%). In addition, older age, residual disease at surgery, large tumor, sarcoma dominance, deep myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, and advanced-stage disease were independently associated with decreased PFS (all, P < 0.01). Both postoperative chemotherapy (5-year rates, 48.6% versus 39.0%, P < 0.001) and radiotherapy (50.1% versus 44.1%, P = 0.007) were significantly associated with improved PFS in univariate analysis. However, on multivariate analysis, only postoperative chemotherapy remained an independent predictor for improved PFS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27-0.43, P < 0.001]. On univariate analysis, significant treatment benefits for PFS were seen with ifosfamide for low-grade carcinoma (82.0% versus 49.8%, P = 0.001), platinum for high-grade carcinoma (46.9% versus 32.4%, P = 0.034) and homologous sarcoma (53.1% versus 38.2%, P = 0.017), and anthracycline for heterologous sarcoma (66.2% versus 39.3%, P = 0.005). Conversely, platinum, taxane, and anthracycline for low-grade carcinoma, and anthracycline for homologous sarcoma had no effect on PFS compared with non-chemotherapy group (all, P > 0.05). On multivariate analysis, ifosfamide for low-grade/homologous (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07-0.63, P = 0.005), platinum for high-grade/homologous (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.22-0.60, P < 0.001), and anthracycline for high-grade/heterologous (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14-0.62, P = 0.001) remained independent predictors for improved PFS. Analyses of 1096 metastatic sites showed that carcinoma components tended to spread lymphatically, while sarcoma components tended to spread loco-regionally (P < 0.001).
    Conclusion: Characterization of histologic pattern provides valuable information in the management of uterine carcinosarcoma.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma/drug therapy ; Carcinoma/epidemiology ; Carcinoma/pathology ; Carcinoma/radiotherapy ; Carcinosarcoma/drug therapy ; Carcinosarcoma/epidemiology ; Carcinosarcoma/pathology ; Carcinosarcoma/radiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Ifosfamide ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma/drug therapy ; Sarcoma/epidemiology ; Sarcoma/pathology ; Sarcoma/radiotherapy ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Uterine Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Uterine Neoplasms/pathology ; Uterine Neoplasms/radiotherapy
    Chemical Substances Ifosfamide (UM20QQM95Y)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025984-3
    ISSN 1569-8041 ; 0923-7534
    ISSN (online) 1569-8041
    ISSN 0923-7534
    DOI 10.1093/annonc/mdw161
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