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Article: Duodenal stenosis, an unusual presentation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a case report.

Di Mari, Clelia / Pozzi, Elena / Mantegazza, Cecilia / Destro, Francesca / Meroni, Milena / Coletta, Marina / Sorge, Andrea / Pelizzo, Gloria / Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo

Frontiers in pediatrics

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) 1390946

Abstract: Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are rare, chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms and clinical presentations vary depending on the site and layer of the ... ...

Abstract	Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are rare, chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms and clinical presentations vary depending on the site and layer of the gastrointestinal wall infiltrated by eosinophils. Gastrointestinal obstruction is a serious, though uncommon, presentation. Management can be extremely challenging because of the rarity of the condition and the lack of robust scientific evidence. Current treatment approaches for EGIDs mainly focus on elimination diets, proton pump inhibitors and corticosteroids, which present high refractoriness rates. Novel targeted therapies are being investigated but not routinely used. Surgery should be avoided as far as possible; however, it may be the only option in gastrointestinal obstruction when long-term remission cannot be attained by any medical strategy. Herein we report the case of an adolescent boy affected by an eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease with progressive duodenal stenosis, refractory to medical therapy, who successfully benefitted from surgical management. He presented with a one-year history of gastrointestinal obstructive symptoms with feeding intolerance. After the diagnostic workup, he was diagnosed with an eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (esophagitis and enteritis) with a duodenal involvement causing a progressive duodenal stenosis. Due to refractoriness to the conventional medical therapies and the consequent high impact on his quality of life, related both to the need for enteral nutrition and repeated hospitalizations, we decided to perform a gastro-jejunum anastomosis, which allowed us to obtain a clinical and endoscopic long-term remission. The early discussion of the case and the involvement of all experienced specialists, pediatricians and pediatric surgeons is essential.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2711999-3
ISSN	2296-2360
ISSN	2296-2360
DOI	10.3389/fped.2024.1390946
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Article ; Online: Research Review: Child emotion regulation mediates the association between family factors and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents - a meta-analysis.

Lin, Sylvia Chu / Kehoe, Christiane / Pozzi, Elena / Liontos, Daniel / Whittle, Sarah

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines

2023 Volume 65, Issue 3, Page(s) 260–274

Abstract: Background: Parental influence on children's internalizing symptoms has been well established; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is child emotion regulation given evidence (a) of its associations with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Parental influence on children's internalizing symptoms has been well established; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is child emotion regulation given evidence (a) of its associations with internalizing symptoms and (b) that the development of emotion regulation during childhood and adolescence is influenced by aspects of the family environment. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically investigate the mediating role of child emotion regulation in the relationship between various family factors and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, and Web of Science for English articles up until November 2022. We included studies that examined child emotion regulation as a mediator between a family factor and child/adolescent internalizing symptoms. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled indirect effects and total effects for nine family factors. Heterogeneity and mediation ratio were also calculated. Results: Of 49 studies with 24,524 participants in this meta-analysis, family factors for which emotion regulation mediated the association with child/adolescent internalizing symptoms included: unsupportive emotion socialization, psychological control, secure attachment, aversiveness, family conflict, parent emotion regulation and parent psychopathology, but not supportive emotion socialization and behavioral control. Conclusions: Various family factors impact children's emotion regulation development, and in turn, contribute to the risk of internalizing symptoms in young people. Findings from this study highlight the need for interventions targeting modifiable parenting behaviors to promote healthy emotion regulation and better mental health in children and adolescents.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Emotional Regulation ; Emotions/physiology ; Parents/psychology ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parenting/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218136-8
ISSN	1469-7610 ; 0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
ISSN (online)	1469-7610
ISSN	0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
DOI	10.1111/jcpp.13894
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Article ; Online: Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation in Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Meta-analytic Study.

Pozzi, Elena / Vijayakumar, Nandita / Rakesh, Divyangana / Whittle, Sarah

Biological psychiatry

2020 Volume 89, Issue 2, Page(s) 194–204

Abstract: Background: The development of adaptive implicit and explicit emotion regulation skills is crucial for mental health. Adolescence and emerging adulthood are periods of heightened risk for psychopathology associated with emotion dysregulation, and ... ...

Abstract	Background: The development of adaptive implicit and explicit emotion regulation skills is crucial for mental health. Adolescence and emerging adulthood are periods of heightened risk for psychopathology associated with emotion dysregulation, and neurodevelopmental mechanisms have been proposed to account for this increased risk. However, progress in understanding these mechanisms has been hampered by an incomplete knowledge of the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation during development. Methods: Using activation likelihood estimation, we conducted a quantitative analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in healthy developmental samples (i.e., adolescence [10-18 years of age] and emerging adulthood [19-30 years of age]) investigating emotion reactivity (N studies = 48), and implicit (N studies = 41) and explicit (N studies = 19) emotion regulation processes. Results: Explicit emotion regulation was associated with activation in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, whereas both implicit regulation and emotion reactivity were associated with activation in the amygdala and posterior temporal regions. During implicit regulation, adolescents exhibited more consistent activation of the amygdala, fusiform gyrus, and thalamus than emerging adults, who showed more consistent activation in the posterior superior temporal sulcus. Conclusions: Our results suggest that emotion reactivity and regulation in developmental samples engage a robust group of regions that are implicated in bottom-up and top-down emotional responding. Adolescents are also more likely to recruit regions involved in early stages of emotion processing during implicit regulation, while emerging adults recruit higher-order regions involved in the extraction of semantic meaning. Findings have implications for future research aiming to better understand the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying risk for psychopathology.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Amygdala/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Emotional Regulation ; Emotions ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Thalamus
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209434-4
ISSN	1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
ISSN (online)	1873-2402
ISSN	0006-3223
DOI	10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.006
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Article: Barrier Impairment and Type 2 Inflammation in Allergic Diseases: The Pediatric Perspective.

Ghezzi, Michele / Pozzi, Elena / Abbattista, Luisa / Lonoce, Luisa / Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo / D'Auria, Enza

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 8, Issue 12

Abstract: Allergic diseases represent a global burden. Although the patho-physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood, epithelial barrier dysfunction and Th2 inflammatory response play a pivotal role. Barrier dysfunction, characterized by a loss of ... ...

Abstract	Allergic diseases represent a global burden. Although the patho-physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood, epithelial barrier dysfunction and Th2 inflammatory response play a pivotal role. Barrier dysfunction, characterized by a loss of differentiation, reduced junctional integrity, and altered innate defence, underpins the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Epithelial barrier impairment may be a potential therapeutic target for new treatment strategies Up now, monoclonal antibodies and new molecules targeting specific pathways of the immune response have been developed, and others are under investigation, both for adult and paediatric populations, which are affected by atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), or eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In children affected by severe asthma biologics targeting IgE, IL-5 and against IL-4 and IL-13 receptors are already available, and they have also been applied in CRSwNP. In severe AD Dupilumab, a biologic which inhibits both IL-4 and IL-13, the most important cytokines involved in inflammation response, has been approved for treatment of patients over 12 years. While a biological approach has already shown great efficacy on the treatment of severe atopic conditions, early intervention to restore epithelial barrier integrity, and function may prevent the inflammatory response and the development of the atopic march.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2732685-8
ISSN	2227-9067
ISSN	2227-9067
DOI	10.3390/children8121165
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Article ; Online: Structural Brain Development and Aggression: A Longitudinal Study in Late Childhood.

Roberts, Hannah / Pozzi, Elena / Vijayakumar, Nandita / Richmond, Sally / Bray, Katherine / Deane, Camille / Whittle, Sarah

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience

2021 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 401–411

Abstract: This longitudinal study examined the neurodevelopmental correlates of aggression in children, focusing on structural brain properties. A community sample of 110 (60 females) children participated at age 8 years and again at age 10 years. Brain structure ... ...

Abstract	This longitudinal study examined the neurodevelopmental correlates of aggression in children, focusing on structural brain properties. A community sample of 110 (60 females) children participated at age 8 years and again at age 10 years. Brain structure was assessed by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and parents reported on child aggression using the Child Behavior Checklist. Analyses examined the relationship between aggression and development of volume of subcortical regions, cortical thickness, and subcortical-cortical structural coupling. Females with relatively high aggression exhibited reduced right hippocampal growth over time. Across males and females, aggression was associated with amygdala- and hippocampal-cortical developmental coupling, with findings for amygdala-cortical coupling potentially indicating reduced top-down prefrontal control of the amygdala in those with increasing aggression over time. Findings suggest that aggressive behaviors may be associated with alterations in normative brain development; however, results were not corrected for multiple comparisons and should be interpreted with caution.
MeSH term(s)	Aggression ; Amygdala ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2029088-3
ISSN	1531-135X ; 1530-7026
ISSN (online)	1531-135X
ISSN	1530-7026
DOI	10.3758/s13415-021-00871-3
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Article: Maternal warmth is associated with network segregation across late childhood: A longitudinal neuroimaging study.

Richmond, Sally / Beare, Richard / Johnson, Katherine A / Bray, Katherine / Pozzi, Elena / Allen, Nicholas B / Seal, Marc L / Whittle, Sarah

Frontiers in psychology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 917189

Abstract: The negative impact of adverse experiences in childhood on neurodevelopment is well documented. Less attention however has been given to the impact of variations in "normative" parenting behaviors. The influence of these parenting behaviors is likely to ... ...

Abstract	The negative impact of adverse experiences in childhood on neurodevelopment is well documented. Less attention however has been given to the impact of variations in "normative" parenting behaviors. The influence of these parenting behaviors is likely to be marked during periods of rapid brain reorganization, such as late childhood. The aim of the current study was to investigate associations between normative parenting behaviors and the development of structural brain networks across late childhood. Data were collected from a longitudinal sample of 114 mother-child dyads (54% female children,
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917189
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Article: Atrioventricular Block in Celiac Disease: An Unusual Clinical Presentation in a Child. A Case-Based Review.

Mannarino, Savina / Santacesaria, Sara / Raso, Irene / Fini, Giulia / Pozzi, Elena / Cocuccio, Cristina / Calcaterra, Valeria / Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 9, Issue 11

Abstract: Congenital or acquired atrioventricular block (AVB) is a rare disorder in the pediatric population, while celiac disease (CeD) is a common multisystemic autoimmune disorder that is characterized by intestinal manifestations as they are the typical ... ...

Abstract	Congenital or acquired atrioventricular block (AVB) is a rare disorder in the pediatric population, while celiac disease (CeD) is a common multisystemic autoimmune disorder that is characterized by intestinal manifestations as they are the typical clinical presentation. Sometimes CeD presents more complex multisystemic involvement which includes the heart. Cardiac involvement, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis or conduction disease, have been mainly described in untreated adult patients with or without gastro-intestinal symptoms; rare cases of AVB and CeD have been also reported, particularly in association with extra-cardiac manifestations. We describe a case of a progressive acquired AVB block in a 4-year-old child, in which CeD was later diagnosed. A rapid and significantly improvement of the AVB grade has been obtained after the child started a strict gluten-free diet, and so we suggest including diagnostic exams for CeD in all of the children with acquired AVB.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2732685-8
ISSN	2227-9067
ISSN	2227-9067
DOI	10.3390/children9111627
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Article ; Online: Individual differences in brain structure and self-reported empathy in children.

Bray, Katherine O / Pozzi, Elena / Vijayakumar, Nandita / Richmond, Sally / Deane, Camille / Pantelis, Christos / Anderson, Vicki / Whittle, Sarah

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience

2022 Volume 22, Issue 5, Page(s) 1078–1089

Abstract: Empathy refers to the understanding and sharing of others' emotions and comprises cognitive and affective components. Empathy is important for social functioning, and alterations in empathy have been demonstrated in many developmental or psychiatric ... ...

Abstract	Empathy refers to the understanding and sharing of others' emotions and comprises cognitive and affective components. Empathy is important for social functioning, and alterations in empathy have been demonstrated in many developmental or psychiatric disorders. While several studies have examined associations between empathy and brain structure in adults, few have investigated this relationship in children. Investigating associations between empathy and brain structure during childhood will help us to develop a deeper understanding of the neural correlates of empathy across the lifespan. A total of 125 children (66 females, mean age 10 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Grey matter volume and cortical thickness from structural images were examined using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) within Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) software. Children completed questionnaire measures of empathy (cognitive empathy, affective empathy: affective sharing, empathic concern, and empathic distress). In hypothesised region of interest analyses, individual differences in affective and cognitive empathy were related to grey matter volume in the insula and the precuneus. Although these relationships were of similar strength to those found in previous research, they did not survive correction for the total number of models computed. While no significant findings were detected between grey matter volume and empathy in exploratory whole-brain analysis, associations were found between cortical thickness and empathic concern in the right precentral gyrus. This study provides preliminary evidence that individual differences in self-reported empathy in children may be related to aspects of brain structure. Findings highlight the need for more research investigating the neurobiological correlates of empathy in children.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Emotions ; Empathy ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Self Report
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2029088-3
ISSN	1531-135X ; 1530-7026
ISSN (online)	1531-135X
ISSN	1530-7026
DOI	10.3758/s13415-022-00993-2
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Article ; Online: Investigating Associations Between Maternal Behavior and the Development of Functional Connectivity During the Transition From Late Childhood to Early Adolescence.

Pozzi, Elena / Rakesh, Divyangana / Gracia-Tabuenca, Zeus / Bray, Katherine O / Richmond, Sally / Seal, Marc L / Schwartz, Orli / Vijayakumar, Nandita / Yap, Marie B H / Whittle, Sarah

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging

2023 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 398–406

Abstract: Background: Parenting behavior is thought to affect child brain development, with implications for mental health. However, longitudinal studies that use whole-brain approaches are lacking. In this study, we investigated associations between parenting ... ...

Abstract	Background: Parenting behavior is thought to affect child brain development, with implications for mental health. However, longitudinal studies that use whole-brain approaches are lacking. In this study, we investigated associations between parenting behavior, age-related changes in whole-brain functional connectivity, and psychopathology symptoms in children and adolescents. Methods: Two hundred forty (126 female) children underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at up to two time points, providing a total of 398 scans covering the age range 8 to 13 years. Parenting behavior was self-reported at baseline. Parenting factors (positive parenting, inattentive parenting, and harsh and inconsistent discipline) were identified based on a factor analysis of self-report parenting questionnaires. Longitudinal measures of child internalizing and externalizing symptoms were collected. Network-based R-statistics was used to identify associations between parenting and age-related changes in functional connectivity. Results: Higher maternal inattentive behavior was associated with lower decreases in connectivity over time, particularly between regions of the ventral attention and default mode networks and frontoparietal and default mode networks. However, this association was not significant after strict correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: While results should be considered preliminary, they suggest that inattentive parenting may be associated with a reduction in the normative pattern of increased network specialization that occurs with age. This may reflect a delayed development of functional connectivity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Female ; Brain ; Maternal Behavior/psychology ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Parenting/psychology ; Psychopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2879089-3
ISSN	2451-9030 ; 2451-9022
ISSN (online)	2451-9030
ISSN	2451-9022
DOI	10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.05.008
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Article ; Online: Maternal parenting behavior and functional connectivity development in children: A longitudinal fMRI study.

Pozzi, Elena / Vijayakumar, Nandita / Byrne, Michelle L / Bray, Katherine O / Seal, Marc / Richmond, Sally / Zalesky, Andrew / Whittle, Sarah L

Developmental cognitive neuroscience

2021 Volume 48, Page(s) 100946

Abstract: Parenting behavior is associated with internalizing symptoms in children, and cross-sectional research suggests that this association may be mediated by the influence of parenting on the development of frontoamygdala circuitry. However, longitudinal ... ...

Abstract	Parenting behavior is associated with internalizing symptoms in children, and cross-sectional research suggests that this association may be mediated by the influence of parenting on the development of frontoamygdala circuitry. However, longitudinal studies are lacking. Moreover, there is a paucity of studies that have investigated parenting and large-scale networks implicated in affective functioning. In this longitudinal study, data from 95 (52 female) children and their mothers were included. Children underwent magnetic resonance imaging that included a 6 min resting state sequence at wave 1 (mean age = 8.4 years) and wave 2 (mean age = 9.9 years). At wave 1, observational measures of positive and negative maternal behavior were collected during mother-child interactions. Region-of-interest analysis of the amygdala, and independent component and dual-regression analyses of the Default Mode Network (DMN), Executive Control Network (ECN) and the Salience Network (SN) were carried out. We identified developmental effects as a function of parenting: positive parenting was associated with decreased coactivation of the superior parietal lobule with the ECN at wave 2 compared to wave 1. Thus our findings provide preliminary longitudinal evidence that positive maternal behavior is associated with maturation of the connectivity between higher-order control networks.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; Neural Pathways ; Parenting
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2572271-2
ISSN	1878-9307 ; 1878-9307
ISSN (online)	1878-9307
ISSN	1878-9307
DOI	10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100946
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