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  1. Article ; Online: Sources of particle number concentration and noise near London Gatwick Airport.

    Tremper, Anja H / Jephcote, Calvin / Gulliver, John / Hibbs, Leon / Green, David C / Font, Anna / Priestman, Max / Hansell, Anna L / Fuller, Gary W

    Environment international

    2022  Volume 161, Page(s) 107092

    Abstract: There is increasing evidence of potential health impacts from both aircraft noise and aircraft-associated ultrafine particles (UFP). Measurements of noise and UFP are however scarce near airports and so their variability and relationship are not well ... ...

    Abstract There is increasing evidence of potential health impacts from both aircraft noise and aircraft-associated ultrafine particles (UFP). Measurements of noise and UFP are however scarce near airports and so their variability and relationship are not well understood. Particle number size distributions and noise levels were measured at two locations near Gatwick airport (UK) in 2018-19 with the aim to characterize particle number concentrations (PNC) and link PNC sources, especially UFP, with noise. Positive Matrix Factorization was used on particle number size distribution to identify these sources. Mean PNC (7500-12,000 p cm
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants/analysis ; Airports ; Environmental Monitoring ; London ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Vehicle Emissions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-21
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107092
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Sources of particle number concentration and noise near London Gatwick Airport

    Tremper, Anja H. / Jephcote, Calvin / Gulliver, John / Hibbs, Leon / Green, David C. / Font, Anna / Priestman, Max / Hansell, Anna L. / Fuller, Gary W.

    Environment international. 2022 Mar., v. 161

    2022  

    Abstract: There is increasing evidence of potential health impacts from both aircraft noise and aircraft-associated ultrafine particles (UFP). Measurements of noise and UFP are however scarce near airports and so their variability and relationship are not well ... ...

    Abstract There is increasing evidence of potential health impacts from both aircraft noise and aircraft-associated ultrafine particles (UFP). Measurements of noise and UFP are however scarce near airports and so their variability and relationship are not well understood. Particle number size distributions and noise levels were measured at two locations near Gatwick airport (UK) in 2018–19 with the aim to characterize particle number concentrations (PNC) and link PNC sources, especially UFP, with noise. Positive Matrix Factorization was used on particle number size distribution to identify these sources. Mean PNC (7500–12,000 p cm⁻³) were similar to those measured close to a highly trafficked road in central London. Peak PNC (94,000 p cm⁻³) were highest at the site closer to the runway. The airport source factor contributed 17% to the PNC at both sites and the concentrations were greatest when the respective sites were downwind of the runway. However, the main source of PNC was associated with traffic emissions. At both sites noise levels were above the recommendations by the WHO (World Health Organisation). Regression models of identified UFP sources and noise suggested that the largest source of noise (LAeq-1hr) above background was associated with sources of fresh traffic and urban UFP depending on the site. Noise and UFP correlations were moderate to low suggesting that UFP are unlikely to be an important confounder in epidemiological studies of aircraft noise and health. Correlations between UFP and noise were affected by meteorological factors, which need to be considered in studies of short-term associations between aircraft noise and health.
    Keywords World Health Organization ; aircraft ; airports ; environment ; traffic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-03
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107092
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Source attribution and quantification of atmospheric nickel concentrations in an industrial area in the United Kingdom (UK)

    Font, Anna / Tremper, Anja H. / Priestman, Max / Kelly, Frank J. / Canonaco, Francesco / Prévôt, André S.H. / Green, David C.

    Environmental pollution. 2022 Jan. 15, v. 293

    2022  

    Abstract: Pontardawe in South Wales, United Kingdom (UK), consistently has the highest concentrations of nickel (Ni) in PM₁₀ in the UK and repeatedly breaches the 20 ng m⁻³ annual mean EU target value. Several local industries use Ni in their processes. To assist ... ...

    Abstract Pontardawe in South Wales, United Kingdom (UK), consistently has the highest concentrations of nickel (Ni) in PM₁₀ in the UK and repeatedly breaches the 20 ng m⁻³ annual mean EU target value. Several local industries use Ni in their processes. To assist policy makers and regulators in quantifying the relative Ni contributions of these industries and developing appropriate emission reduction approaches, the hourly concentrations of 23 elements were measured using X-ray fluorescence alongside meteorological variables and black carbon during a four-week campaign in November–December 2015. Concentrations of Ni ranged between 0 and 2480 ng m⁻³ as hourly means. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to identify sources contributing to measured elements. Cluster analysis of bivariate polar plots of those factors containing Ni in their profile was further used to quantify the industrial processes contributing to ambient PM₁₀ concentrations. Two sources were identified to contribute to Ni concentrations, stainless-steel (which contributed to 10% of the Ni burden) and the Ni refinery (contributing 90%). From the stainless-steel process, melting activities were responsible for 66% of the stainless-steel factor contribution.
    Keywords X-radiation ; carbon ; cluster analysis ; fluorescence ; issues and policy ; nickel ; pollution ; source attribution ; stainless steel
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0115
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118432
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Source attribution and quantification of atmospheric nickel concentrations in an industrial area in the United Kingdom (UK).

    Font, Anna / Tremper, Anja H / Priestman, Max / Kelly, Frank J / Canonaco, Francesco / Prévôt, André S H / Green, David C

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2021  Volume 293, Page(s) 118432

    Abstract: Pontardawe in South Wales, United Kingdom (UK), consistently has the highest concentrations of nickel (Ni) in ... ...

    Abstract Pontardawe in South Wales, United Kingdom (UK), consistently has the highest concentrations of nickel (Ni) in PM
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Industry ; Nickel ; Particulate Matter/analysis
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Nickel (7OV03QG267)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118432
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Air quality in enclosed railway stations: Quantifying the impact of diesel trains through deployment of multi-site measurement and random forest modelling.

    Font, Anna / Tremper, Anja H / Lin, Chun / Priestman, Max / Marsh, Daniel / Woods, Michael / Heal, Mathew R / Green, David C

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2020  Volume 262, Page(s) 114284

    Abstract: Concentrations of the air pollutants ( ... ...

    Abstract Concentrations of the air pollutants (NO
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; London ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; United Kingdom ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Vehicle Emissions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114284
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Air quality in enclosed railway stations: Quantifying the impact of diesel trains through deployment of multi-site measurement and random forest modelling

    Font, Anna / Tremper, Anja H / Lin, Chun / Priestman, Max / Marsh, Daniel / Woods, Michael / Heal, Mathew R / Green, David C

    Environmental pollution. 2020 July, v. 262

    2020  

    Abstract: Concentrations of the air pollutants (NO2 and particulate matter) were measured for several months and at multiple locations inside and outside two enclosed railway stations in the United Kingdom – Edinburgh Waverly (EDB) and London King’s Cross (KGX) – ... ...

    Abstract Concentrations of the air pollutants (NO2 and particulate matter) were measured for several months and at multiple locations inside and outside two enclosed railway stations in the United Kingdom – Edinburgh Waverly (EDB) and London King’s Cross (KGX) – which, respectively, had at the time 59% and 18% of their train services powered by diesel engines. Average concentrations of NO2 were above the 40 μg m−3 annual limit value outside the stations and were further elevated inside, especially at EDB. Concentrations of PM2.5 inside the stations were 30–40% higher at EDB than outside and up to 20% higher at KGX. Concentrations of both NO2 and PM2.5 were highest closer to the platforms, especially those with a higher frequency of diesel services. A random-forest regression model was used to quantify the impact of numbers of different types of diesel trains on measured concentrations allowing prediction of the impact of individual diesel-powered rolling stock.
    Keywords air pollutants ; air pollution ; air quality ; algorithms ; diesel engines ; models ; nitrogen dioxide ; particulates ; prediction ; rail transportation ; railroads ; regression analysis ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-07
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114284
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Book ; Online: Organic aerosol source apportionment in London 2013 with ME-2

    Reyes-Villegas, Ernesto / Green, David C. / Priestman, Max / Canonaco, Francesco / Coe, Hugh / Prévôt, André S. H. / Allan, James D.

    eISSN: 1680-7324

    exploring the solution space with annual and seasonal analysis

    2016  

    Abstract: The multilinear engine (ME-2) factorization tool is being widely used following the recent development of the Source Finder (SoFi) interface at the Paul Scherrer Institute. However, the success of this tool, when using the a value approach, largely ... ...

    Abstract The multilinear engine (ME-2) factorization tool is being widely used following the recent development of the Source Finder (SoFi) interface at the Paul Scherrer Institute. However, the success of this tool, when using the a value approach, largely depends on the inputs (i.e. target profiles) applied as well as the experience of the user. A strategy to explore the solution space is proposed, in which the solution that best describes the organic aerosol (OA) sources is determined according to the systematic application of predefined statistical tests. This includes trilinear regression, which proves to be a useful tool for comparing different ME-2 solutions. Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) measurements were carried out at the urban background site of North Kensington, London from March to December 2013, where for the first time the behaviour of OA sources and their possible environmental implications were studied using an ACSM. Five OA sources were identified: biomass burning OA (BBOA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), cooking OA (COA), semivolatile oxygenated OA (SVOOA) and low-volatility oxygenated OA (LVOOA). ME-2 analysis of the seasonal data sets (spring, summer and autumn) showed a higher variability in the OA sources that was not detected in the combined March–December data set; this variability was explored with the triangle plots f 44 : f 43 f 44 : f 60, in which a high variation of SVOOA relative to LVOOA was observed in the f 44 : f 43 analysis. Hence, it was possible to conclude that, when performing source apportionment to long-term measurements, important information may be lost and this analysis should be done to short periods of time, such as seasonally. Further analysis on the atmospheric implications of these OA sources was carried out, identifying evidence of the possible contribution of heavy-duty diesel vehicles to air pollution during weekdays compared to those fuelled by petrol.
    Subject code 551
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-16
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Online: Field and laboratory evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence instrument for determining the elemental composition of ambient aerosols

    Tremper, Anja H. / Font, Anna / Priestman, Max / Hamad, Samera H. / Chung, Tsai-Chia / Pribadi, Ari / Brown, Richard J. C. / Goddard, Sharon L. / Grassineau, Nathalie / Petterson, Krag / Kelly, Frank J. / Green, David C.

    eISSN: 1867-8548

    2018  

    Abstract: Measuring the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information on the concentration of regulated toxic metals, support modelling approaches for source detection and assist in the identification and validation of ... ...

    Abstract Measuring the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information on the concentration of regulated toxic metals, support modelling approaches for source detection and assist in the identification and validation of abatement techniques. Undertaking these at a high time resolution (1 h or less) enables receptor modelling techniques to be more robustly linked to emission processes. This study describes a comprehensive laboratory and field evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument (CES XACT 625) for a range of elements (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) against alternative techniques: high time resolution mass measurements, high time resolution ion chromatography, aerosol mass spectrometry, and established filter-based, laboratory analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Laboratory evaluation was carried out using a novel mass-based calibration technique to independently assess the accuracy of the XRF against laboratory generated aerosols, which resulted in slopes that were not significantly different from unity. This demonstrated that generated particles can serve as an alternative calibration method for this instrument. The XACT was evaluated in three contrasting field deployments; a heavily trafficked roadside site (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), an industrial location downwind of a nickel refinery (PM 10 ) and an urban background location influenced by nearby industries and motorways (PM 10 ). The XRF technique agreed well with the ICP-MS measurements of daily filter samples in all cases with a median R 2 of 0.93 and a median slope of 1.07 for the elements As, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Ti, V and Zn. Differences in the results were attributed to a combination of inlet location and sampling temperature, variable blank levels in filter paper and recovery rates from acid digestion. The XRF technique also agreed well with the other high time resolution measurements but showed a clear positive difference (slopes between 1.41 and 4.6), probably due to differences in the size selection methodology, volatility and water solubility of the PM in aerosol mass spectrometry (SO 4 ) and ion chromatography (Ca, Cl, K and SO 4 ), respectively. A novel filter analysis technique using the XACT showed promising initial results: filters analysed off-line with the XACT compared well to in situ XACT measurements with a median R 2 of 0.96 and median slope of 1.07. The resulting range of slopes was comparable to slopes produced in the ICP-MS comparison. This technique provides an opportunity to use the XACT when it is not deployed in the field; thus expanding the potential use of this instrument in future studies.
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-07
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: European aerosol phenomenology − 8: Harmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS datasets

    Chen, Gang / Canonaco, Francesco / Tobler, Anna / Aas, Wenche / Alastuey, A. / Allan, James / Atabakhsh, Samira / Aurela, Minna / Baltensperger, Urs / Bougiatioti, Aikaterini / De Brito, Joel F. / Ceburnis, Darius / Chazeau, Benjamin / Chebaicheb, Hasna / Daellenbach, Kaspar R. / Ehn, Mikael / El Haddad, Imad / Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos / Favez, Olivier /
    Flentje, Harald / Font, Anna / Fossum, Kirsten / Freney, Evelyn / Gini, Maria / Green, David C. / Heikkinen, Liine / Herrmann, Hartmut / Kalogridis, Athina-Cerise / Keernik, Hannes / Lhotka, Radek / Lin, Chunshui / Lunder, Chris / Maasikmets, Marek / Manousakas, Manousos I. / Marchand, Nicolas / Marín, Cristina / Marmureanu, Luminita / Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos / Močnik, Griša / Nęcki, Jaroslaw / O'Dowd, Colin / Ovadnevaite, Jurgita / Peter, Thomas / Petit, Jean-Eudes / Pikridas, Michael / Matthew Platt, Stephen / Pokorná, Petra / Poulain, Laurent / Priestman, Max / Riffault, Véronique / Rinaldi, Matteo / Różański, Kazimierz / Schwarz, Jaroslav / Sciare, Jean / Simon, Leïla / Skiba, Alicja / Slowik, Jay G. / Sosedova, Yulia / Stavroulas, Iasonas / Styszko, Katarzyna / Teinemaa, Erik / Timonen, Hilkka / Tremper, Anja / Vasilescu, Jeni / Via, Marta / Vodička, Petr / Wiedensohler, Alfred / Zografou, Olga / Cruz Minguillón, María / Prévôt, André S.H.

    Environment International. 2022 Aug., v. 166 p.107325-

    2022  

    Abstract: Organic aerosol (OA) is a key component of total submicron particulate matter (PM₁), and comprehensive knowledge of OA sources across Europe is crucial to mitigate PM₁ levels. Europe has a well-established air quality research infrastructure from which ... ...

    Abstract Organic aerosol (OA) is a key component of total submicron particulate matter (PM₁), and comprehensive knowledge of OA sources across Europe is crucial to mitigate PM₁ levels. Europe has a well-established air quality research infrastructure from which yearlong datasets using 21 aerosol chemical speciation monitors (ACSMs) and 1 aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were gathered during 2013–2019. It includes 9 non-urban and 13 urban sites. This study developed a state-of-the-art source apportionment protocol to analyse long-term OA mass spectrum data by applying the most advanced source apportionment strategies (i.e., rolling PMF, ME-2, and bootstrap). This harmonised protocol was followed strictly for all 22 datasets, making the source apportionment results more comparable. In addition, it enables quantification of the most common OA components such as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), cooking-like OA (COA), more oxidised-oxygenated OA (MO-OOA), and less oxidised-oxygenated OA (LO-OOA). Other components such as coal combustion OA (CCOA), solid fuel OA (SFOA: mainly mixture of coal and peat combustion), cigarette smoke OA (CSOA), sea salt (mostly inorganic but part of the OA mass spectrum), coffee OA, and ship industry OA could also be separated at a few specific sites. Oxygenated OA (OOA) components make up most of the submicron OA mass (average = 71.1%, range from 43.7 to 100%). Solid fuel combustion-related OA components (i.e., BBOA, CCOA, and SFOA) are still considerable with in total 16.0% yearly contribution to the OA, yet mainly during winter months (21.4%). Overall, this comprehensive protocol works effectively across all sites governed by different sources and generates robust and consistent source apportionment results. Our work presents a comprehensive overview of OA sources in Europe with a unique combination of high time resolution (30–240 min) and long-term data coverage (9–36 months), providing essential information to improve/validate air quality, health impact, and climate models.
    Keywords aerosols ; air quality ; biomass ; chemical speciation ; cigarettes ; climate ; coal ; combustion ; data collection ; environment ; industry ; infrastructure ; particulates ; peat ; smoke ; spectrometers ; Europe ; European Overview ; Source apportionment ; Harmonised Protocol ; Organic Aerosol ; Long-term Datasets ; Rolling PMF
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107325
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: European aerosol phenomenology - 8: Harmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS datasets.

    Chen, Gang / Canonaco, Francesco / Tobler, Anna / Aas, Wenche / Alastuey, Andres / Allan, James / Atabakhsh, Samira / Aurela, Minna / Baltensperger, Urs / Bougiatioti, Aikaterini / De Brito, Joel F / Ceburnis, Darius / Chazeau, Benjamin / Chebaicheb, Hasna / Daellenbach, Kaspar R / Ehn, Mikael / El Haddad, Imad / Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos / Favez, Olivier /
    Flentje, Harald / Font, Anna / Fossum, Kirsten / Freney, Evelyn / Gini, Maria / Green, David C / Heikkinen, Liine / Herrmann, Hartmut / Kalogridis, Athina-Cerise / Keernik, Hannes / Lhotka, Radek / Lin, Chunshui / Lunder, Chris / Maasikmets, Marek / Manousakas, Manousos I / Marchand, Nicolas / Marin, Cristina / Marmureanu, Luminita / Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos / Močnik, Griša / Nęcki, Jaroslaw / O'Dowd, Colin / Ovadnevaite, Jurgita / Peter, Thomas / Petit, Jean-Eudes / Pikridas, Michael / Matthew Platt, Stephen / Pokorná, Petra / Poulain, Laurent / Priestman, Max / Riffault, Véronique / Rinaldi, Matteo / Różański, Kazimierz / Schwarz, Jaroslav / Sciare, Jean / Simon, Leïla / Skiba, Alicja / Slowik, Jay G / Sosedova, Yulia / Stavroulas, Iasonas / Styszko, Katarzyna / Teinemaa, Erik / Timonen, Hilkka / Tremper, Anja / Vasilescu, Jeni / Via, Marta / Vodička, Petr / Wiedensohler, Alfred / Zografou, Olga / Cruz Minguillón, María / Prévôt, André S H

    Environment international

    2022  Volume 166, Page(s) 107325

    Abstract: Organic aerosol (OA) is a key component of total submicron particulate matter ( ... ...

    Abstract Organic aerosol (OA) is a key component of total submicron particulate matter (PM
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107325
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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