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  1. Article ; Online: Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization of Apple Orchard on Soil Mineral Nitrogen Content, Yielding of the Apple Trees and Nutritional Status of Leaves and Fruits

    Kowalczyk, Wojciech / Wrona, Dariusz / Przybyłko, Sebastian

    Agriculture. 2022 Dec. 17, v. 12, no. 12

    2022  

    Abstract: Contemporary trends in horticulture are aimed at limiting the use of mineral fertilizers to the necessary minimum, which is to guarantee adequate profitability of production while maintaining high-quality fruit and at the same time preventing ... ...

    Abstract Contemporary trends in horticulture are aimed at limiting the use of mineral fertilizers to the necessary minimum, which is to guarantee adequate profitability of production while maintaining high-quality fruit and at the same time preventing environmental pollution. Thus, in the presented study, we investigate the effect of diversified nitrogen fertilization on soil mineral nitrogen content during vegetation season, yielding of apple trees and the nutritional status of apple leaves and fruits. We compared several ammonium nitrate treatments as well as growth without fertilization as a control. The results of our study show that under the conditions of humus-rich soils and with appropriate agrotechnics, N mineralization from the organic matter available in the soil may completely cover demand of apple trees for this component. Achieved outcomes clearly revealed that nitrogen fertilization in the amount of 100 kg N · ha⁻¹ on the entire soil surface carries a real risk of groundwater contamination, and the same nitrogen dose applied within the grassland does not bring any production effects, therefore it should be considered as unjustified. Obtained results revealed that in a rationally managed, fully fruiting apple orchard, the annual dose of N should not exceed 50 kg N∙ha⁻¹. This dosage of N should fully secure the nutritional needs of apple trees, guaranteeing their high yield and complete safety for the environment. What is important is, nitrogen fertilization strongly affects macroelemental composition of apple leaves and fruits.
    Keywords agriculture ; ammonium nitrate ; apples ; fruits ; grasslands ; groundwater contamination ; horticulture ; mineralization ; nitrogen ; nitrogen content ; nutritional status ; orchards ; organic matter ; profitability ; risk ; soil ; soil minerals
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1217
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2651678-0
    ISSN 2077-0472
    ISSN 2077-0472
    DOI 10.3390/agriculture12122169
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Tree Root-Associated Microbial Communities Depend on Various Floor Management Systems in an Intensive Apple (

    Bokszczanin, Kamila Łucja / Przybyłko, Sebastian / Molska-Kawulok, Karolina / Wrona, Dariusz

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 12

    Abstract: Regenerative 3agriculture prioritizes soil health to build up organic soil carbon and nitrogen stocks while supporting the active and diverse soil biota that is a prerequisite for maintaining crop productivity and quality in sustainable food production. ... ...

    Abstract Regenerative 3agriculture prioritizes soil health to build up organic soil carbon and nitrogen stocks while supporting the active and diverse soil biota that is a prerequisite for maintaining crop productivity and quality in sustainable food production. This study aimed at unravelling the impact of organic and inorganic soil maintenance systems in a 'Red Jonaprince' apple (
    MeSH term(s) Malus/microbiology ; Trees ; Microbiota ; Soil/chemistry ; Bacteria/genetics ; Soil Microbiology
    Chemical Substances Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms24129898
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees

    Bokszczanin, Kamila Łucja / Wrona, Dariusz / Przybyłko, Sebastian

    Agronomy. 2021 Nov. 19, v. 11, no. 11

    2021  

    Abstract: The European Green Deal strategy currently implemented in the EU aims to, among others, reduce the negative impact of fertilization on the environment. One of the solutions influencing the nutritional status of plants and the improvement of soil quality ... ...

    Abstract The European Green Deal strategy currently implemented in the EU aims to, among others, reduce the negative impact of fertilization on the environment. One of the solutions influencing the nutritional status of plants and the improvement of soil quality is the use of plant symbiosis with microorganisms. Thus, in this study we investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonization on the nutritional status of apple leaves and fruit, depending on the nitrogen treatment. In a fully factorial experiment, trees were grown for nine years with or without AMFs and PGPR. We compared several ammonium nitrate treatments as well as growth without fertilization as a control. The interactions between inoculation and doses of nitrogen fertilization were observed. AMF + PGPR significantly increased the concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in leaves up to 5%, 23%, and 19%, respectively, depending on the N dosage. Conversely, in uninoculated trees, the nitrogen treatment had a negative impact on the leaf P mineral status. On the other hand, under microbial inoculation conditions, the dose of 100 kg N∙ha⁻¹ diminished the leaf phosphorus content in comparison to other N doses, by a maximum of 9.6%. AMF + PGPR, depending on the N treatment, either did not influence or it decreased the Mg and Ca concentrations in the leaves by maximums of 8% and 15%, respectively. Microbial inoculation had no effect on the acquisition of Ca and Mg by fruits, except for the coupled negative influence of the 100 kg N∙ha⁻¹ treatment. Symbiosis positively conditioned the K in fruits under a specific N regime—100 kg N∙ha⁻¹ divided into two applications during the season and 50 kg N∙ha⁻¹ applied to the herbicide strip, increasing the concentration by approximately 4% and 8%, respectively. This study greatly contributes to our understanding of the benefits of AMF and PGPR on perennials and encourages the future exploration of their effects on apple yield and fruit quality.
    Keywords agronomy ; ammonium nitrate ; apples ; fruit quality ; fruits ; herbicides ; leaves ; nitrogen ; nitrogen content ; nutritional status ; phosphorus ; phosphorus content ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria ; potassium ; soil quality ; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1119
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2607043-1
    ISSN 2073-4395
    ISSN 2073-4395
    DOI 10.3390/agronomy11112348
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi and PGPR on Tree Nutritional Status and Growth in Organic Apple Production

    Przybyłko, Sebastian / Kowalczyk, Wojciech / Wrona, Dariusz

    Agronomy. 2021 July 13, v. 11, no. 7

    2021  

    Abstract: The desire to reduce the negative impact of crops on the environment, as well as the growing concern for consumer health, is increasing interest in organic fruit production. In this context, the development of new environmentally friendly agrotechnical ... ...

    Abstract The desire to reduce the negative impact of crops on the environment, as well as the growing concern for consumer health, is increasing interest in organic fruit production. In this context, the development of new environmentally friendly agrotechnical methods which allows for reducing the use of organic fertilizers by improving the nutrient use efficiency and consequently decreasing the leaching of them is a task of a great importance. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi (AMF) combined with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth and nutritional status of apple trees cultivated on a silty-loam, rich in clay minerals and humus soil under organic farming conditions. Thus, a trial was established in an experimental orchard in Wilanów in Central Poland with three cultivars (‘Topaz’, ‘Odra’, and ‘Chopin’) and a promising clone, U 8869. Trees were or were not inoculated with AMF + PGPR within a split-block experimental design with four replicates. According to the results, mycorrhizal frequency obtained in the inoculated tree roots was on average two-fold higher than in the roots of the control plants. After four years of AMF + PGPR inoculation, 24% higher trunk cross-section area (TCSA) was observed, with the nitrogen and magnesium concentrations in leaves increasing, on average, by 7.8% and 64.2%, and phosphorus and potassium content decreasing by 37.2% and 46.5%, respectively. This study shows that using AMF + PGPR inoculum supports tree roots colonization by AMF. As a result, better nitrogen nutrition status is observed that promote vigorous growth of trees and more efficient uptake of magnesium from the bulk soil. On the other hand, lower phosphorus content in inoculated tree leaves might be explained by a dilution effect, and potassium decrease could occur as a result of fungus–plant competition in conditions of this element deficiency in soil.
    Keywords agronomy ; apples ; clay ; cultivars ; experimental design ; fruits ; inoculum ; magnesium ; nitrogen ; nutrient use efficiency ; nutritional status ; orchards ; phosphorus ; phosphorus content ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria ; potassium ; Poland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0713
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2607043-1
    ISSN 2073-4395
    ISSN 2073-4395
    DOI 10.3390/agronomy11071402
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Different Floor Management Systems Affect Soil Properties and Initial Development of Apple Tree (Malus × domestica Borkh.) in an Orchard

    Przybyłko, Sebastian / Szpadzik, Ewa / Marszał, Jacek / Kowalczyk, Wojciech / Wrona, Dariusz

    Agriculture. 2022 Dec. 02, v. 12, no. 12

    2022  

    Abstract: In order to achieve sustainable food production, non-chemical weed management practices need to be developed for fruit growing. Tailor-made floor management systems enable efficient weed regulation, but they also affect the soil quality in an orchard. In ...

    Abstract In order to achieve sustainable food production, non-chemical weed management practices need to be developed for fruit growing. Tailor-made floor management systems enable efficient weed regulation, but they also affect the soil quality in an orchard. In this article, the effects of various floor management systems in a ‘Red Jonaprince’ apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchard on the soil properties and the trees’ nutritional status and initial development during the first two years after the orchard’s establishment were assessed. The experiment was set up in the spring of 2017 in the Experimental Orchard of WULS. ‘Red Jonaprince’ cv. trees grafted on M.9 rootstock were planted with 3.5 × 1 m spacing between them. Different floor management systems were applied to the rows, including the selected organic mulches: Miscanthus × giganteus straw (MG1 and MG2), spent mushroom substrates (SMS1 and SMS2), herbicide strip (HS), clear mechanical soil cultivation (MC), and synthetic black mulch (BC). The organic mulches affected the soil properties significantly. Spent mushroom substrates (SMS1, SMS2) increased the P and K contents in the soil, increased the salinity 10-fold, and retarded the growth in terms of the trunk cross-section area (TCSA) and its increment compared with other systems. Miscanthus × giganteus straw mulch (MG1, MG2) was associated with a more vigorous shoot growth compared with other combinations in the first year of the study as it provided a better tree nitrogen nutritional status. The floor management system affected the generative development of the trees. Mulching with a spent mushroom substrate boosted the flower bud formation intensity, but it did not affect the yielding quantity. Moreover, due to the poor fruit set, the trees mulched with a spent mushroom substrate (SMS2) gave a low initial bearing. High crop loads were noted for the trees treated with black synthetic mulch (BC) and the trees mulched with Miscanthus × giganteus straw (MG1). This was an effect of the tree size rather than the blooming intensity, while there were no differences in the cropping efficiency index (CEI) parameter.
    Keywords Malus domestica ; Miscanthus giganteus ; agriculture ; apples ; flower buds ; fruit set ; fruits ; herbicides ; management systems ; mushrooms ; nitrogen ; nutritional status ; orchards ; rootstocks ; salinity ; soil ; soil quality ; spent mushroom compost ; spring ; straw ; straw mulches ; sustainable agriculture ; tillage ; trees ; weed control ; weeds
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1202
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2651678-0
    ISSN 2077-0472
    ISSN 2077-0472
    DOI 10.3390/agriculture12122070
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Influence of an Alternative Soil Management System to Herbicide Use on Tree Vigor, Yield, and Quality of Apple Fruit

    Bokszczanin, Kamila Łucja / Wrona, Dariusz / Przybyłko, Sebastian

    Agronomy. 2020 Dec. 29, v. 11, no. 1

    2020  

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alternative soil maintenance systems in a ‘Gold Chief’ apple orchard to the herbicide strip on tree growth, yield, and optimal fruit quality during 2012–2016. We compared several floor management ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alternative soil maintenance systems in a ‘Gold Chief’ apple orchard to the herbicide strip on tree growth, yield, and optimal fruit quality during 2012–2016. We compared several floor management systems: organic mulch comprised of Miscanthus spp., mechanical cultivation, black polypropylene cover, and herbicide strip as the control, with particular emphasis on the suitability and effectiveness of the organic mulch. During this five-year experiment Miscanthus spp. mulched trees grew most vigorously and significantly more than trees from other systems. The increment of the trunk cross-sectional area was higher for Miscanthus spp. mulched trees when compared to both mechanical fallow and herbicide strip. On average, fruits from trees grown in Miscanthus spp. plots were significantly larger than fruits from mechanical fallow and black polypropylene cover plots. The cumulative yield from the entire experiment was not significantly different for organic mulch, herbicide strip, and black polypropylene cover and was significantly higher than the mechanical cultivation. Different floor management systems had a significant effect on the solid soluble content in fruit both directly after harvesting and after storage. Our study shows that organic mulch can be a good alternative for soil management in orchard production systems.
    Keywords Miscanthus ; agronomy ; apples ; area ; exhibitions ; fallow ; fruit quality ; fruits ; gold ; harvesting ; herbicides ; management systems ; mulching ; orchards ; organic mulches ; polypropylenes ; soil ; storage ; tree growth ; trees ; vigor
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-1229
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 2607043-1
    ISSN 2073-4395
    ISSN 2073-4395
    DOI 10.3390/agronomy11010058
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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