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  1. Article ; Online: Nanostructured titanium promotes keratinocyte density.

    Zile, Melanie A / Puckett, Sabrina / Webster, Thomas J

    Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A

    2011  Volume 97, Issue 1, Page(s) 59–65

    Abstract: Infection of a transcutaneous orthopedic prosthesis is undesirable and decreases the success rate of an implant. Critical to reducing this infection is to develop materials that can decrease bacteria colonization and/or increase skin growth. Since ... ...

    Abstract Infection of a transcutaneous orthopedic prosthesis is undesirable and decreases the success rate of an implant. Critical to reducing this infection is to develop materials that can decrease bacteria colonization and/or increase skin growth. Since previous studies have demonstrated significantly less bacteria colonization (yet promoted osteoblast, bone forming cell, functions) on titanium (Ti) with select nanofeatures, the objective of this in vitro study was to determine keratinocyte (skin forming cells) functions on Ti modified to have nanoscale surface features. To further promote keratinocyte functions, some Ti surfaces were functionalized with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Nanometer-sized topographical surface features were created on traditional Ti implants by anodization (termed nanotubular) and electron beam evaporation (termed nanorough). This study found that compared to conventional (nanosmooth) Ti, the nanotubular and nanorough Ti surfaces promoted keratinocyte density. Moreover, when functionalized with FGF-2, keratinocyte density increased on all surfaces, resulting in the greatest keratinocyte density on nanorough and nanotubular Ti-functionalized with FGF-2 after 5 days of culture. Interestingly, keratinocyte densities on nanorough and nanotubular Ti were similar to that achieved on conventional Ti functionalized with FGF-2. Therefore, when considered in the context of other studies, the results of this in vitro study demonstrated that certain nanometer-sized Ti topographies may be useful for increasing keratinocyte density while reducing bacteria adhesion and promoting bone tissue formation and, thus, should be further studied for improving the efficacy of various transcutaneous Ti-based orthopedic implants.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Count ; Electrodes ; Electrons ; Keratinocytes/cytology ; Keratinocytes/drug effects ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Nanostructures/ultrastructure ; Photoelectron Spectroscopy ; Thermodynamics ; Titanium/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Titanium (D1JT611TNE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2099989-6
    ISSN 1552-4965 ; 1549-3296 ; 0021-9304
    ISSN (online) 1552-4965
    ISSN 1549-3296 ; 0021-9304
    DOI 10.1002/jbm.a.33028
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6195: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Greater osteoblast and endothelial cell adhesion on nanostructured polyethylene and titanium.

    Raimondo, Theresa / Puckett, Sabrina / Webster, Thomas J

    International journal of nanomedicine

    2010  Volume 5, Page(s) 647–652

    Abstract: Mostly due to desirable mechanical properties (such as high durability and low wear), certain synthetic polymers (such as polyethylene) and metals (such as titanium) have found numerous applications in the medical device arena from orthopedics to the ... ...

    Abstract Mostly due to desirable mechanical properties (such as high durability and low wear), certain synthetic polymers (such as polyethylene) and metals (such as titanium) have found numerous applications in the medical device arena from orthopedics to the vasculature, yet frequently, they do not proactively encourage desirable cell responses. In an effort to improve the efficacy of such traditional materials for various implant applications, this study used electron beam evaporation to create nanostructured surface features that mimic those of natural tissue on polyethylene and titanium. For other materials, it has been shown that the creation of nanorough surfaces increases surface energy leading to greater select protein (such as vitronectin and fibronectin) interactions to increase specific cell adhesion. Here, osteoblast (bone forming cells) and endothelial cell (cells that line the vasculature) adhesion was determined on nanostructured compared to conventional, nano-smooth polyethylene and titanium. Results demonstrated that nanorough surfaces created by electron beam evaporation increased the adhesion of both cells markedly better than conventional smooth surfaces. In summary, this study provided evidence that electron beam evaporation can modify implant surfaces (specifically, polyethylene and titanium) to have nanostructured surface features to improve osteoblast and endothelial cell adhesion. Since the adhesion of anchorage dependent cells (such as osteoblasts and endothelial cells) is a prerequisite for their long-term functions, this study suggests that electron beam evaporation should be further studied for improving materials for various biomedical applications.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Adhesion/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells/physiology ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nanomedicine ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Nanostructures/ultrastructure ; Osteoblasts/physiology ; Polyethylene ; Rats ; Surface Properties ; Titanium
    Chemical Substances Polyethylene (9002-88-4) ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-09-07
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2364941-0
    ISSN 1178-2013 ; 1176-9114
    ISSN (online) 1178-2013
    ISSN 1176-9114
    DOI 10.2147/IJN.S13047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Nano rough micron patterned titanium for directing osteoblast morphology and adhesion.

    Puckett, Sabrina / Pareta, Rajesh / Webster, Thomas J

    International journal of nanomedicine

    2008  Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 229–241

    Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated greater functions ofosteoblasts (bone-forming cells) on nanophase compared with conventional metals. Nanophase metals possess a biologically inspired nanostructured surface that mimics the dimensions of constituent ... ...

    Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated greater functions ofosteoblasts (bone-forming cells) on nanophase compared with conventional metals. Nanophase metals possess a biologically inspired nanostructured surface that mimics the dimensions of constituent components in bone, including collagen and hydroxyapatite. Not only do these components possess dimensions on the nanoscale, they are aligned in a parallel manner creating a defined orientation in bone. To date, research has yet to evaluate the effect that organized nanosurface features can have on the interaction of osteoblasts with material surfaces. Therefore, to determine if surface orientation of features can mediate osteoblast adhesion and morphology, this study investigated osteoblast function on patterned titanium substrates containing alternating regions of micron rough and nano rough surfaces prepared by novel electron beam evaporation techniques. This study was also interested in determining whether or not the size of the patterned regions had an effect on osteoblast behavior and alignment. Results indicated early controlled osteoblast alignment on these patterned materials as well as greater osteoblast adhesion on the nano rough regions of these patterned substrates. Interestingly, decreasing the width of the nano rough regions (from 80 microm to 22 microm) on these patterned substrates resulted in a decreased number of osteoblasts adhering to these areas. Changes in the width of the nano rough regions also resulted in changes in osteoblast morphology, thus, suggesting there is an optimal pattern dimension that osteoblasts prefer. In summary, results of this study provided evidence that aligned nanophase metal features on the surface of titanium improved early osteoblast functions (morphology and adhesion) promising for their long term functions, criteria necessary to improve orthopedic implant efficacy.
    MeSH term(s) Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Cell Size ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Nanoparticles/ultrastructure ; Osteoblasts/cytology ; Osteoblasts/physiology ; Surface Properties ; Titanium/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Biocompatible Materials ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-08-04
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2364941-0
    ISSN 1178-2013 ; 1176-9114
    ISSN (online) 1178-2013
    ISSN 1176-9114
    DOI 10.2147/ijn.s2448
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The relationship between the nanostructure of titanium surfaces and bacterial attachment.

    Puckett, Sabrina D / Taylor, Erik / Raimondo, Theresa / Webster, Thomas J

    Biomaterials

    2010  Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 706–713

    Abstract: Infection of an orthopedic prosthesis is undesirable and causes a decrease in the success rate of an implant. Reducing the adhesion of a broad range of bacteria could be an attractive means to decrease infection and allow for subsequent appropriate ... ...

    Abstract Infection of an orthopedic prosthesis is undesirable and causes a decrease in the success rate of an implant. Reducing the adhesion of a broad range of bacteria could be an attractive means to decrease infection and allow for subsequent appropriate tissue integration with the biomaterial surface. In this in vitro study, nanometer sized topographical features of titanium (Ti) surfaces, which have been previously shown to enhance select protein adsorption and subsequent osteoblast (bone-forming cell) functions, were investigated as a means to also reduce bacteria adhesion. This study examined the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on conventional Ti, nanorough Ti produced by electron beam evaporation, and nanotubular and nanotextured Ti produced by two different anodization processes. This study found that compared to conventional (nano-smooth) Ti, the nanorough Ti surfaces produced by electron beam evaporation decreased the adherence of all of the aforementioned bacteria the most. The conventional and nanorough Ti surfaces were found to have crystalline TiO(2) while the nanotubular and nanotextured Ti surfaces were found to be amorphous. The surface chemistries were similar for the conventional and nanorough Ti while the anodized Ti surfaces contained fluorine. Therefore, the results of this study in vitro study demonstrated that certain nanometer sized Ti topographies may be useful for reducing bacteria adhesion while promoting bone tissue formation and, thus, should be further studied for improving the efficacy of Ti-based orthopedic implants.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibronectins/chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Nanostructures/ultrastructure ; Prostheses and Implants/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects ; Titanium/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Fibronectins ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 603079-8
    ISSN 1878-5905 ; 0142-9612
    ISSN (online) 1878-5905
    ISSN 0142-9612
    DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.081
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    Zs.B 2371: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Decreased bacteria activity on Si₃N₄ surfaces compared with PEEK or titanium.

    Gorth, Deborah J / Puckett, Sabrina / Ercan, Batur / Webster, Thomas J / Rahaman, Mohamed / Bal, B Sonny

    International journal of nanomedicine

    2012  Volume 7, Page(s) 4829–4840

    Abstract: A significant need exists for orthopedic implants that can intrinsically resist bacterial colonization. In this study, three biomaterials that are used in spinal implants--titanium (Ti), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄)--were ... ...

    Abstract A significant need exists for orthopedic implants that can intrinsically resist bacterial colonization. In this study, three biomaterials that are used in spinal implants--titanium (Ti), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄)--were tested to understand their respective susceptibility to bacterial infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphlococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. Specifically, the surface chemistry, wettability, and nanostructured topography of respective biomaterials, and the effects on bacterial biofilm formation, colonization, and growth were investigated. Ti and PEEK were received with as-machined surfaces; both materials are hydrophobic, with net negative surface charges. Two surface finishes of Si₃N₄ were examined: as-fired and polished. In contrast to Ti and PEEK, the surface of Si₃N₄ is hydrophilic, with a net positive charge. A decreased biofilm formation was found, as well as fewer live bacteria on both the as-fired and polished Si₃N₄. These differences may reflect differential surface chemistry and surface nanostructure properties between the biomaterials tested. Because protein adsorption on material surfaces affects bacterial adhesion, the adsorption of fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin on Ti, PEEK, and Si₃N₄ were also examined. Significantly greater amounts of these proteins adhered to Si₃N₄ than to Ti or PEEK. The findings of this study suggest that surface properties of biomaterials lead to differential adsorption of physiologic proteins, and that this phenomenon could explain the observed in-vitro differences in bacterial affinity for the respective biomaterials. Intrinsic biomaterial properties as they relate to resistance to bacterial colonization may reflect a novel strategy toward designing future orthopedic implants.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Joint Prosthesis/microbiology ; Ketones/chemistry ; Ketones/pharmacology ; Materials Testing ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology ; Silicon Compounds/chemistry ; Silicon Compounds/pharmacology ; Surface Properties ; Titanium/chemistry ; Titanium/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Ketones ; Silicon Compounds ; polyetheretherketone (31694-16-3) ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE) ; silicon nitride (QHB8T06IDK)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09-07
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2364941-0
    ISSN 1178-2013 ; 1176-9114
    ISSN (online) 1178-2013
    ISSN 1176-9114
    DOI 10.2147/IJN.S35190
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 6606: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Nanotextured titanium surfaces for enhancing skin growth on transcutaneous osseointegrated devices.

    Puckett, Sabrina D / Lee, Phin Peng / Ciombor, Deborah M / Aaron, Roy K / Webster, Thomas J

    Acta biomaterialia

    2010  Volume 6, Issue 6, Page(s) 2352–2362

    Abstract: A major problem with transcutaneous osseointegrated implants is infection, mainly due to improper closure of the implant-skin interface. Therefore, the design of transcutaneous osseointegrated devices that better promote skin growth around these exit ... ...

    Abstract A major problem with transcutaneous osseointegrated implants is infection, mainly due to improper closure of the implant-skin interface. Therefore, the design of transcutaneous osseointegrated devices that better promote skin growth around these exit sites needs to be examined and, if successful, would clearly limit infection. Due to the success already demonstrated for orthopedic implants, developing surfaces with biologically inspired nanometer features is a design criterion that needs to be investigated for transcutaneous devices. This study therefore examined the influence of nanotextured titanium (Ti) created through electron beam evaporation and anodization on keratinocyte (skin-forming cell) function. Electron beam evaporation created Ti surfaces with nanometer features while anodization created Ti surfaces with nanotubes. Conventional Ti surfaces were largely micron rough, with few nanometer surface features. Results revealed increased keratinocyte adhesion in addition to increased keratinocyte spreading and differences in keratinocyte filopodia extension on the nanotextured Ti surfaces prepared by either electron beam evaporation or anodization compared to their conventional, unmodified counterparts after 4h. Results further revealed increased keratinocyte proliferation and cell spreading over 3 and 5days only on the nanorough Ti surfaces prepared by electron beam evaporation compared to both the anodized nanotubular and unmodified Ti surfaces. Therefore, the results from this in vitro study provided the first evidence that nano-modification techniques should be further researched as a means to possibly improve skin growth, thereby improving transcutaneous osseointegrated orthopedic implant longevity.
    MeSH term(s) Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/cytology ; Keratinocytes/physiology ; Materials Testing ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Nanostructures/ultrastructure ; Osseointegration/physiology ; Prostheses and Implants ; Skin/cytology ; Skin/growth & development ; Surface Properties ; Titanium/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Biocompatible Materials ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2173841-5
    ISSN 1878-7568 ; 1742-7061
    ISSN (online) 1878-7568
    ISSN 1742-7061
    DOI 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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