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  1. Article ; Online: Developmental antecedents of representing "group" behavior: A commentary on Pietraszewski's theory of groups.

    Pun, Anthea / Baron, Andrew

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2022  Volume 45, Page(s) e116

    Abstract: Central to Pietraszewski's theory is a set of group-constitutive roles within four triadic primitives. Although some data from the developmental and biological sciences support Pietraszewski's theory, other data raise questions about whether similar ... ...

    Abstract Central to Pietraszewski's theory is a set of group-constitutive roles within four triadic primitives. Although some data from the developmental and biological sciences support Pietraszewski's theory, other data raise questions about whether similar behavioral expectations hold across various ecological conditions and interactions. We discuss the potential for a broader set of conceptual primitives that support reasoning about groups.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X2100145X
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  2. Article ; Online: Infants infer third-party social dominance relationships based on visual access to intergroup conflict.

    Pun, Anthea / Birch, Susan A J / Baron, Andrew Scott

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 18250

    Abstract: During a conflict, having a greater number of allies than the opposition can improve one's success in a conflict. However, allies must be aware that has a conflict has occurred, and this is often influenced by what they are able to see. Here, we explored ...

    Abstract During a conflict, having a greater number of allies than the opposition can improve one's success in a conflict. However, allies must be aware that has a conflict has occurred, and this is often influenced by what they are able to see. Here, we explored whether infants' assessment of social dominance is influenced by whether or not social allies have visual access to an episode of intergroup conflict. In Experiment 1, 9-12-month-olds only expected an agent to be socially dominant if their allies were able to witness the conflict. Experiment 2 provided further support for this finding, as infants did not expect an agent from a numerically larger group to be socially dominant when allies were unable to witness the conflict. Together, these results suggest that infants do not simply use a heuristic in which "numerically larger groups are always more dominant". Importantly, infants are able to incorporate social allies' ability to witness a conflict when predicting social dominance between groups.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Humans ; Social Dominance ; Interpersonal Relations ; Social Skills ; Heuristics ; Awareness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-22640-z
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  3. Article: Erratum: Right-sided Bochdalek hernia in an adult: a case report.

    Pun, Ashis / Dhoubhadel, Pratibha / Dawadi, Kamal

    Journal of surgical case reports

    2021  Volume 2021, Issue 9, Page(s) rjab432

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab357.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab357.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ISSN 2042-8812
    ISSN 2042-8812
    DOI 10.1093/jscr/rjab432
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  4. Article: Right-sided Bochdalek hernia in an adult: a case report.

    Pun, Asish / Dhoubhadel, Pratibha / Dawadi, Kamal

    Journal of surgical case reports

    2021  Volume 2021, Issue 8, Page(s) rjab357

    Abstract: Bochdalek hernia (BH) is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and is usually left-sided. It typically presents in neonates and diagnosis in adults is a rarity. To date only 34 reported cases of right-sided BH have been surgically ... ...

    Abstract Bochdalek hernia (BH) is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and is usually left-sided. It typically presents in neonates and diagnosis in adults is a rarity. To date only 34 reported cases of right-sided BH have been surgically managed in adults in literature. We review a 21-year-old female with a right-sided BH diagnosed as acute calculus cholecystitis and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The diagnosis of BH was made incidentally during surgery. The hernia did not have a sac with no hernial contents. It was treated via laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing and patient postoperative period was uneventful. Right-sided BH is rare. Regardless of the symptoms surgical treatment should be done to avoid risk of visceral strangulation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2042-8812
    ISSN 2042-8812
    DOI 10.1093/jscr/rjab357
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  5. Article ; Online: The power of allies: Infants' expectations of social obligations during intergroup conflict.

    Pun, Anthea / Birch, Susan A J / Baron, Andrew Scott

    Cognition

    2021  Volume 211, Page(s) 104630

    Abstract: Many species of animals form social allegiances to enhance survival. Across disciplines, researchers have suggested that allegiances form to facilitate within group cooperation and defend each other against rival groups. Here, we explore humans' ... ...

    Abstract Many species of animals form social allegiances to enhance survival. Across disciplines, researchers have suggested that allegiances form to facilitate within group cooperation and defend each other against rival groups. Here, we explore humans' reasoning about social allegiances and obligations beginning in infancy, long before they have experience with intergroup conflict. In Experiments 1 and 2, we demonstrate that infants (17-19 months, and 9-13 months, respectively) expect a social ally to intervene and provide aid during an episode of intergroup conflict. Experiment 3 conceptually replicated the results of Experiments 1 and 2. Together, this set of experiments reveals that humans' understanding of social obligation and loyalty may be innate, and supported by infants' naïve sociology.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Child Development ; Group Processes ; Humans ; Infant ; Motivation ; Social Responsibility
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-24
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1499940-7
    ISSN 1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
    ISSN (online) 1873-7838
    ISSN 0010-0277
    DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104630
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  6. Article: Fluid-like cathode enhances valuable biomass production from brewery wastewater in purple phototrophic bacteria.

    Manchon, Carlos / Asensio, Yeray / Muniesa-Merino, Fernando / Llorente, María / Pun, Álvaro / Esteve-Núñez, Abraham

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1115956

    Abstract: The climate crisis requires rethinking wastewater treatment to recover resources, such as nutrients and energy. In this scenario, purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB), the most versatile microorganisms on earth, are a promising alternative to transform the ...

    Abstract The climate crisis requires rethinking wastewater treatment to recover resources, such as nutrients and energy. In this scenario, purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB), the most versatile microorganisms on earth, are a promising alternative to transform the wastewater treatment plant concept into a biorefinery model by producing valuable protein-enriched biomass. PPB are capable of interacting with electrodes, exchanging electrons with electrically conductive materials. In this work, we have explored for mobile-bed (either stirred or fluidized) cathodes to maximize biomass production. For this purpose, stirred-electrode reactors were operated with low-reduced (3.5 e
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1115956
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  7. Article ; Online: Nonverbal displays of dominance and prestige: Evidence for cross-cultural and early-emerging recognition.

    Witkower, Zachary / Hill, Alexander K / Pun, Anthea / Baron, Andrew S / Koster, Jeremy / Tracy, Jessica L

    Journal of experimental psychology. General

    2023  Volume 153, Issue 2, Page(s) 282–292

    Abstract: Two universal strategies for attaining influence-dominance, or the use of intimidation and force to obtain power, and prestige, or garnering respect by demonstrating knowledge and expertise-are communicated through distinct nonverbal displays in North ... ...

    Abstract Two universal strategies for attaining influence-dominance, or the use of intimidation and force to obtain power, and prestige, or garnering respect by demonstrating knowledge and expertise-are communicated through distinct nonverbal displays in North America. Given evidence for the emergence and effectiveness of these strategies across cultures, including non-Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic small-scale, traditional societies in Africa, Asia, and South America, the nonverbal displays that are used to reliably communicate these strategies also might be universal. Here, we demonstrate that the dominance display is recognized by the Mayangna, a small-scale society in rural Nicaragua, and by Canadian children as young as 2 and 3 years old. We also find that the prestige display is reliably differentiated from dominance by both groups, and judged as a high-rank signal by the Mayangna. However, members of the Mayangna confused the prestige display with happiness, and children confused the prestige display with a neutral expression. Overall, findings are consistent with a ubiquitous and early-emerging ability to recognize dominance, and with the suggestion that the prestige display is more culturally variable and ontogenetically slower to emerge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Social Dominance ; Canada ; Happiness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189732-9
    ISSN 1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
    ISSN (online) 1939-2222
    ISSN 0096-3445
    DOI 10.1037/xge0001481
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2255: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Advances in mobility aid use reporting: situational context and objective measurement improve understanding of daily aid use in older adults.

    Thomson, Sherri / Cornish, Benjamin F / Pun, Anthony / McIlroy, William E / Van Ooteghem, Karen

    Aging clinical and experimental research

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 11, Page(s) 2543–2553

    Abstract: Background: Understanding mobility aid use has implications for falls risk reduction and aid prescription. However, aid use in daily life is understudied and more complex than revealed by commonly used yes/no self-reporting.: Aims: To advance ... ...

    Abstract Background: Understanding mobility aid use has implications for falls risk reduction and aid prescription. However, aid use in daily life is understudied and more complex than revealed by commonly used yes/no self-reporting.
    Aims: To advance approaches for evaluating mobility aid use among older adults using a situational (context-driven) questionnaire and wearable sensors.
    Methods: Data from two cross-sectional observational studies of older adults were used: (1) 190 participants (86 ± 5 years) completed tests of standing, sit-to-stand, walking, grip strength, and self-reported fear of falling and (2) 20 participants (90 ± 4 years) wore two body-worn and one aid-mounted sensors continuously for seven days to objectively quantify aid use during walking. Situational and traditional binary reporting stratified participants into aid dependency levels (0-4) and aid-user groups, respectively. Physical performance and fear of falling were compared between aid users, and dependency levels and sensor-derived walking behaviors were compared to reported aid use.
    Results: Physical performance and fear of falling differed between aid-user groups (P < 0.05). Sensor-derived outputs revealed differences in walking behaviors and aid use when categorized by dependency level and walking bout length (P < 0.05). Walking bout frequency (rho(18) = - 0.47, P = 0.038) and aid use time (rho(13) = .72, P = 0.002) were associated with dependency level.
    Discussion: Comparisons of situational aid dependency revealed heterogeneity between aid users suggesting binary aid use reporting fails to identify individual differences in walking and aid use behaviors.
    Conclusions: Enhanced subjective aid use reporting and objective measurements of walking and aid use may improve aid prescription and inform intervention to support safe and effective mobility in older adults.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Accidental Falls ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fear ; Standing Position ; Walking ; Aged, 80 and over ; Observational Studies as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-31
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2104785-6
    ISSN 1720-8319 ; 1594-0667
    ISSN (online) 1720-8319
    ISSN 1594-0667
    DOI 10.1007/s40520-023-02533-5
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  9. Book ; Online: A Compact Representation for AVL Trees

    Chizewer, Jeremy / Melczer, Stephen / Munro, J. Ian / Pun, Ava

    2023  

    Abstract: We use arithmetic codes to create a static representation of AVL trees -- a class of self-balancing binary search trees -- using less than $0.99933$ bits per node. Our encoding supports efficient full traversal of the tree. To evaluate how close to ... ...

    Abstract We use arithmetic codes to create a static representation of AVL trees -- a class of self-balancing binary search trees -- using less than $0.99933$ bits per node. Our encoding supports efficient full traversal of the tree. To evaluate how close to optimal our encoding is, we derive asymptotics for the information theoretic lower-bound on the number of bits needed to store AVL trees. Specifically, we show that at least $0.938$ bits per node are necessary to encode AVL trees. Our method characterizes the exponential growth for the counting sequence of combinatorial classes whose generating functions satisfy certain functional equations, and may be of independent interest.

    Comment: 17 pages
    Keywords Mathematics - Combinatorics ; Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
    Publishing date 2023-11-26
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Ringer's Lactate Hydration and Incidence of Post ERCP Pancreatitis: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

    Pun, Ashis / Dhungana, Amit / Neupane, Dipendra

    JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

    2020  Volume 58, Issue 229, Page(s) 645–649

    Abstract: Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is one of the most frequently used treatment modality for various pancreatobiliary problems. Frequent complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography include pancreatitis, ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is one of the most frequently used treatment modality for various pancreatobiliary problems. Frequent complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography include pancreatitis, cholangitis, hemorrhage and perforation. This study was done to see the prevalence of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patient aggressively hydrated with Ringer's Lactate solution.
    Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on patient undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at Bharatpur Hospital from June 2018 to August 2020. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional Review Committee Bharatpur Hospital (reference number 16/076/77). The convenient sampling method was applied. Data were collected and analyzed in statistical package for the social sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
    Results: Pain abdomen was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale and it was found that 8.1% of patients (15 patients) complained of pain abdomen with visual analogue scale> 3. Serum amylase was sent only in those patients who complained of pain abdomen and only in three patients (1.6%) serum amylase was increased more than 3 times the upper limit of normal value suggestive of pancreatitis. All three patients who had pancreatitis had precut sphincterotomy.
    Conclusions: In this study we found that incidence of pancreatitis slumped after aggressive hydration with Ringer's lactate solution and adjunct use of other prophylactic measures for prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis might yield further better results.
    MeSH term(s) Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde/adverse effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pancreatitis/epidemiology ; Pancreatitis/etiology ; Ringer's Lactate
    Chemical Substances Ringer's Lactate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-27
    Publishing country Nepal
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2209910-4
    ISSN 1815-672X ; 0028-2715
    ISSN (online) 1815-672X
    ISSN 0028-2715
    DOI 10.31729/jnma.5435
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