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  1. Article ; Online: Phospholipase A2 (PLA 2 ) as an Early Indicator of Envenomation in Australian Elapid Snakebites (ASP-27)

    Geoffrey K. Isbister / Nandita Mirajkar / Kellie Fakes / Simon G. A. Brown / Punnam Chander Veerati

    Biomedicines, Vol 8, Iss 459, p

    2020  Volume 459

    Abstract: Early diagnosis of snake envenomation is essential, especially neurotoxicity and myotoxicity. We investigated the diagnostic value of serum phospholipase (PLA 2 ) in Australian snakebites. In total, 115 envenomated and 80 non-envenomated patients were ... ...

    Abstract Early diagnosis of snake envenomation is essential, especially neurotoxicity and myotoxicity. We investigated the diagnostic value of serum phospholipase (PLA 2 ) in Australian snakebites. In total, 115 envenomated and 80 non-envenomated patients were recruited over 2 years, in which an early blood sample was available pre-antivenom. Serum samples were analyzed for secretory PLA 2 activity using a Cayman sPLA 2 assay kit (#765001 Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor MI, USA). Venom concentrations were measured for snake identification using venom-specific enzyme immunoassay. The most common snakes were Pseudonaja spp. (33), Notechis scutatus (24), Pseudechis porphyriacus (19) and Tropidechis carinatus (17). There was a significant difference in median PLA 2 activity between non-envenomated (9 nmol/min/mL; IQR: 7–11) and envenomated patients (19 nmol/min/mL; IQR: 10–66, p < 0.0001) but Pseudonaja spp. were not different to non-envenomated. There was a significant correlation between venom concentrations and PLA 2 activity (r = 0.71; p < 0.0001). PLA 2 activity was predictive for envenomation; area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), 0.79 (95% confidence intervals [95%CI]: 0.72–0.85), which improved with brown snakes excluded, AUC-ROC, 0.88 (95%CI: 0.82–0.94). A cut-point of 16 nmol/min/mL gives a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 100% for Australian snakes, excluding Pseudonaja . PLA 2 activity was a good early predictor of envenomation in most Australian elapid bites. A bedside PLA 2 activity test has potential utility for early case identification but may not be useful for excluding envenomation.
    Keywords snakebite ; envenomation ; phospholipase ; diagnosis ; antivenom ; venom ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Comparison of commercially available differentiation media on cell morphology, function, and anti-viral responses in conditionally reprogrammed human bronchial epithelial cells

    Nikhil T. Awatade / Andrew T. Reid / Kristy S. Nichol / Kurtis F. Budden / Punnam Chander Veerati / Prabuddha S. Pathinayake / Christopher L. Grainge / Philip M. Hansbro / Peter A. B. Wark

    Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Primary air liquid interface (ALI) cultures of bronchial epithelial cells are used extensively to model airway responses. A recent advance is the development of conditional reprogramming that enhances proliferative capability. Several different ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Primary air liquid interface (ALI) cultures of bronchial epithelial cells are used extensively to model airway responses. A recent advance is the development of conditional reprogramming that enhances proliferative capability. Several different media and protocols are utilized, yet even subtle differences may influence cellular responses. We compared the morphology and functional responses, including innate immune responses to rhinovirus infection in conditionally reprogrammed primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) differentiated using two commonly used culture media. pBECs collected from healthy donors (n = 5) were CR using g-irradiated 3T3 fibroblasts and Rho Kinase inhibitor. CRpBECs were differentiated at ALI in either PneumaCult (PN-ALI) or bronchial epithelial growth medium (BEGM)-based differentiation media (BEBM:DMEM, 50:50, Lonza)—(AB-ALI) for 28 days. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), immunofluorescence, histology, cilia activity, ion channel function, and expression of cell markers were analyzed. Viral RNA was assessed by RT-qPCR and anti-viral proteins quantified by LEGENDplex following Rhinovirus-A1b infection. CRpBECs differentiated in PneumaCult were smaller and had a lower TEER and cilia beat frequency compared to BEGM media. PneumaCult media cultures exhibited increased FOXJ1 expression, more ciliated cells with a larger active area, increased intracellular mucins, and increased calcium-activated chloride channel current. However, there were no significant changes in viral RNA or host antiviral responses. There are distinct structural and functional differences in pBECs cultured in the two commonly used ALI differentiation media. Such factors need to be taken into consideration when designing CRpBECs ALI experiments for specific research questions.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Intra-Specific Venom Variation in the Australian Coastal Taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus

    Theo Tasoulis / Anjana Silva / Punnam Chander Veerati / Mark Baker / Wayne C. Hodgson / Nathan Dunstan / Geoffrey K. Isbister

    Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 485, p

    2020  Volume 485

    Abstract: Intra-specific venom variation has the potential to provide important insights into the evolution of snake venom, but remains a relatively neglected aspect of snake venom studies. We investigated the venom from 13 individual coastal taipans Oxyuranus ... ...

    Abstract Intra-specific venom variation has the potential to provide important insights into the evolution of snake venom, but remains a relatively neglected aspect of snake venom studies. We investigated the venom from 13 individual coastal taipans Oxyuranus scutellatus from four localities on the north-east coast of Australia, spanning a distance of 2000km. The intra-specific variation in taipan venom was considerably less than the inter-specific variation between it and the other Australian elapids to which it was compared. The electrophoretic venom profile of O. scutellatus was visually different to six other genera of Australian elapids, but not to its congener inland taipan O. microlepidotus. There was minimal geographical variation in taipan venom, as the intra-population variation exceeded the inter-population variation for enzymatic activity, procoagulant activity, and the abundance of neurotoxins. The pre-synaptic neurotoxin (taipoxin) was more abundant than the post-synaptic neurotoxins (3FTx), with a median of 11.0% (interquartile range (IQR): 9.7% to 18.3%; range: 6.7% to 23.6%) vs. a median of 3.4% (IQR: 0.4% to 6.7%; range: 0% to 8.1%). Three taipan individuals almost completely lacked post-synaptic neurotoxins, which was not associated with geography and occurred within two populations. We found no evidence of sexual dimorphism in taipan venom. Our study provides a basis for evaluating the significance of intra-specific venom variation within a phylogenetic context by comparing it to the inter-specific and inter-generic variation. The considerable intra-population variation we observed supports the use of several unpooled individuals from each population when making inter-specific comparisons.
    Keywords snake venom ; taipan ; intra-specific variation ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Corticosteroid suppression of antiviral immunity increases bacterial loads and mucus production in COPD exacerbations

    Aran Singanayagam / Nicholas Glanville / Jason L. Girkin / Yee Man Ching / Andrea Marcellini / James D. Porter / Marie Toussaint / Ross P. Walton / Lydia J. Finney / Julia Aniscenko / Jie Zhu / Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo / Maria Adelaide Calderazzo / Chris Grainge / Su-Ling Loo / Punnam Chander Veerati / Prabuddha S. Pathinayake / Kristy S. Nichol / Andrew T. Reid /
    Phillip L. James / Roberto Solari / Peter A. B. Wark / Darryl A. Knight / Miriam F. Moffatt / William O. Cookson / Michael R. Edwards / Patrick Mallia / Nathan W. Bartlett / Sebastian L. Johnston

    Nature Communications, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 16

    Abstract: Corticosteroid therapy is frequently used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but its use is associated with increased risk of pneumonia. Here the authors show that corticosteroid use impairs innate and adaptive immunity to rhinovirus ... ...

    Abstract Corticosteroid therapy is frequently used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but its use is associated with increased risk of pneumonia. Here the authors show that corticosteroid use impairs innate and adaptive immunity to rhinovirus infection, which is restored by exogenous IFNβ.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  5. Article ; Online: Corticosteroid suppression of antiviral immunity increases bacterial loads and mucus production in COPD exacerbations

    Aran Singanayagam / Nicholas Glanville / Jason L. Girkin / Yee Man Ching / Andrea Marcellini / James D. Porter / Marie Toussaint / Ross P. Walton / Lydia J. Finney / Julia Aniscenko / Jie Zhu / Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo / Maria Adelaide Calderazzo / Chris Grainge / Su-Ling Loo / Punnam Chander Veerati / Prabuddha S. Pathinayake / Kristy S. Nichol / Andrew T. Reid /
    Phillip L. James / Roberto Solari / Peter A. B. Wark / Darryl A. Knight / Miriam F. Moffatt / William O. Cookson / Michael R. Edwards / Patrick Mallia / Nathan W. Bartlett / Sebastian L. Johnston

    Nature Communications, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 16

    Abstract: Corticosteroid therapy is frequently used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but its use is associated with increased risk of pneumonia. Here the authors show that corticosteroid use impairs innate and adaptive immunity to rhinovirus ... ...

    Abstract Corticosteroid therapy is frequently used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but its use is associated with increased risk of pneumonia. Here the authors show that corticosteroid use impairs innate and adaptive immunity to rhinovirus infection, which is restored by exogenous IFNβ.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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