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Article ; Online: The social and winding road between inflammation and PTSD.

Ursini, Gianluca / Punzi, Giovanna

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

2021 Volume 46, Issue 6, Page(s) 1064–1065

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Inflammation ; Social Support ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639471-1
ISSN	1740-634X ; 0893-133X
ISSN (online)	1740-634X
ISSN	0893-133X
DOI	10.1038/s41386-021-00979-7
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Article ; Online: Genetics Awakens the Complex Relationship Between Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders.

Ursini, Gianluca / Punzi, Giovanna

Biological psychiatry

2021 Volume 90, Issue 9, Page(s) 588–589

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Sleep
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	209434-4
ISSN	1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
ISSN (online)	1873-2402
ISSN	0006-3223
DOI	10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.08.017
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Book ; Online: A FPGA-based architecture for real-time cluster finding in the LHCb silicon pixel detector

Bassi, G. / Giambastiani, L. / Hennessy, K. / Lazzari, F. / Morello, M. J. / Pajero, T. / Prieto, A. Fernandez / Punzi, G.

2023

Abstract: This article describes a custom VHDL firmware implementation of a two-dimensional cluster-finder architecture for reconstructing hit positions in the new vertex pixel detector (VELO) that is part of the LHCb Upgrade. This firmware has been deployed to ... ...

Abstract	This article describes a custom VHDL firmware implementation of a two-dimensional cluster-finder architecture for reconstructing hit positions in the new vertex pixel detector (VELO) that is part of the LHCb Upgrade. This firmware has been deployed to the existing FPGA cards that perform the readout of the VELO, as a further enhancement of the DAQ system, and will run in real time during physics data taking, reconstructing VELO hits coordinates on-the-fly at the LHC collision rate. This pre-processing allows the first level of the software trigger to accept a 11% higher rate of events, as the ready-made hits coordinates accelerate the track reconstruction and consumes significantly less electrical power. It additionally allows the raw pixel data to be dropped at the readout level, thus saving approximately 14% of the DAQ bandwidth. Detailed simulation studies have shown that the use of this real-time cluster finding does not introduce any appreciable degradation in the tracking performance in comparison to a full-fledged software implementation. This work is part of a wider effort aimed at boosting the real-time processing capability of HEP experiments by delegating intensive tasks to dedicated computing accelerators deployed at the earliest stages of the data acquisition chain. Comment: 13 pages, 22 figures. This work has been published on IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science under a Creative Commons License
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Computer Science - Hardware Architecture ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; High Energy Physics - Experiment
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and schizophrenia.

Di Carlo, Pasquale / Punzi, Giovanna / Ursini, Gianluca

Psychiatric genetics

2019 Volume 29, Issue 5, Page(s) 200–210

Abstract: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a secretory growth factor that promotes neuronal proliferation and survival, synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation in the central nervous system. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor biosynthesis and ... ...

Abstract	The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a secretory growth factor that promotes neuronal proliferation and survival, synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation in the central nervous system. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor biosynthesis and secretion are chrono-topically regulated processes at the cellular level, accounting for specific localizations and functions. Given its role in regulating brain development and activity, BDNF represents a potentially relevant gene for schizophrenia, and indeed BDNF and its non-synonymous functional variant, rs6265 (C → T, Val → Met) have been widely studied in psychiatric genetics. Human and animal studies have indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is relevant for schizophrenia-related phenotypes, and that: (1) fine-tuned regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion and activity is necessary to guarantee brain optimal development and functioning; (2) the Val → Met substitution is associated with impaired activity-dependent secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor; (3) disruption of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling is associated with altered synaptic plasticity and neurodevelopment. However, genome-wide association studies failed to associate the BDNF locus with schizophrenia, even though a sub-threshold association exists. Here, we will review studies focused on the relationship between the genetic variation of BDNF and schizophrenia, trying to fill the gap between genetic risk per se and insights from molecular biology. A deeper understanding of brain-derived neurotrophic factor biology and of the epigenetic regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its interactome during development may help clarifying the potential role of this gene in schizophrenia, thus informing development of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-based strategies of prevention and treatment of this disorder.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Schizophrenia/genetics
Chemical Substances	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	1067837-2
ISSN	1473-5873 ; 0955-8829
ISSN (online)	1473-5873
ISSN	0955-8829
DOI	10.1097/YPG.0000000000000237
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Article ; Online: Neuroepigenetics of Schizophrenia.

Punzi, Giovanna / Bharadwaj, Rahul / Ursini, Gianluca

Progress in molecular biology and translational science

2018 Volume 158, Page(s) 195–226

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex disorder of the brain, where genetic variants explain only a portion of risk. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms may explain the remaining share of risk, as well as the transition from susceptibility to the actual disease. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	Schizophrenia is a complex disorder of the brain, where genetic variants explain only a portion of risk. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms may explain the remaining share of risk, as well as the transition from susceptibility to the actual disease. Here, we discuss the most recent findings in the field of brain epigenetics applied to the study of schizophrenia. Methylome studies have found several candidates exhibiting methylation modifications in association with the disorder, but genes affected do not always overlap. Notably, these studies converge in that genes within the schizophrenia risk loci or genes differentially methylated in patients affected with the disorder are dynamically regulated during early life. They also imply that schizophrenia-associated genetic variation may affect DNA methylation in fetal and adult brains. Histone modifications may help mediating the effect of genetic risk variants associated with schizophrenia, and regulating chromatin higher-order structure. The 3D-organization of chromatin in the brain creates physical interactions within chromosomes, so that schizophrenia-associated genetic variants can be linked with genes distant from their loci; this suggests that chromatin conformation matters in the mechanism of risk for the disorder. Non-coding RNAs provide a novel and complex mechanism of gene regulation potentially significant for schizophrenia, as proposed by research on specific microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Finally, a recent study in epitranscriptomics identifies RNA methylation as a further epigenetic mechanism active in human brain and specifically in a portion of the transcriptome associated with schizophrenia susceptibility. These findings indicate that, as expected from the complexity of the brain and its development, several epigenetic mechanisms may intervene in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. An understanding of their roles calls for research approaches integrating the investigation of different epigenetic mechanisms and of environmental and genetic risk, in the context of development.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers/blood ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Schizophrenia/blood ; Schizophrenia/genetics
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Chromatin
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2471995-X
ISSN	1878-0814 ; 0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
ISSN (online)	1878-0814
ISSN	0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
DOI	10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.010
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Uc I Zs 357: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Prioritization of potential causative genes for schizophrenia in placenta.

Ursini, Gianluca / Di Carlo, Pasquale / Mukherjee, Sreya / Chen, Qiang / Han, Shizhong / Kim, Jiyoung / Deyssenroth, Maya / Marsit, Carmen J / Chen, Jia / Hao, Ke / Punzi, Giovanna / Weinberger, Daniel R

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2613

Abstract: Our earlier work has shown that genomic risk for schizophrenia converges with early life complications in affecting risk for the disorder and sex-biased neurodevelopmental trajectories. Here, we identify specific genes and potential mechanisms that, in ... ...

Abstract	Our earlier work has shown that genomic risk for schizophrenia converges with early life complications in affecting risk for the disorder and sex-biased neurodevelopmental trajectories. Here, we identify specific genes and potential mechanisms that, in placenta, may mediate such outcomes. We performed TWAS in healthy term placentae (N = 147) to derive candidate placental causal genes that we confirmed with SMR; to search for placenta and schizophrenia-specific associations, we performed an analogous analysis in fetal brain (N = 166) and additional placenta TWAS for other disorders/traits. The analyses in the whole sample and stratifying by sex ultimately highlight 139 placenta and schizophrenia-specific risk genes, many being sex-biased; the candidate molecular mechanisms converge on the nutrient-sensing capabilities of placenta and trophoblast invasiveness. These genes also implicate the Coronavirus-pathogenesis pathway and showed increased expression in placentae from a small sample of SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnancies. Investigating placental risk genes for schizophrenia and candidate mechanisms may lead to opportunities for prevention that would not be suggested by study of the brain alone.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Placenta/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/genetics ; Schizophrenia/metabolism ; COVID-19/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Trophoblasts/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-38140-1
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Article ; Online: Chromatic Information and Feature Detection in Fast Visual Analysis.

Del Viva, Maria M / Punzi, Giovanni / Shevell, Steven K

PloS one

2016 Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) e0159898

Abstract: The visual system is able to recognize a scene based on a sketch made of very simple features. This ability is likely crucial for survival, when fast image recognition is necessary, and it is believed that a primal sketch is extracted very early in the ... ...

Abstract	The visual system is able to recognize a scene based on a sketch made of very simple features. This ability is likely crucial for survival, when fast image recognition is necessary, and it is believed that a primal sketch is extracted very early in the visual processing. Such highly simplified representations can be sufficient for accurate object discrimination, but an open question is the role played by color in this process. Rich color information is available in natural scenes, yet artist's sketches are usually monochromatic; and, black-and-white movies provide compelling representations of real world scenes. Also, the contrast sensitivity of color is low at fine spatial scales. We approach the question from the perspective of optimal information processing by a system endowed with limited computational resources. We show that when such limitations are taken into account, the intrinsic statistical properties of natural scenes imply that the most effective strategy is to ignore fine-scale color features and devote most of the bandwidth to gray-scale information. We find confirmation of these information-based predictions from psychophysics measurements of fast-viewing discrimination of natural scenes. We conclude that the lack of colored features in our visual representation, and our overall low sensitivity to high-frequency color components, are a consequence of an adaptation process, optimizing the size and power consumption of our brain for the visual world we live in.
MeSH term(s)	Color Perception/physiology ; Databases, Factual ; Discriminant Analysis ; Humans ; Internet ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Photic Stimulation
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0159898
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Article ; Online: A multidisciplinary approach in overkill: Analysis of 13 cases and review of the literature.

Solarino, Biagio / Punzi, Giovanna / Di Vella, Giancarlo / Carabellese, Felice / Catanesi, Roberto

Forensic science international

2019 Volume 298, Page(s) 402–407

Abstract: The term overkill usually indicates the infliction of massive injuries by far exceeding the extent necessary to kill the victim. Only few articles or textbooks report this term that is mostly associated with sex-motivated homicides where injuries, ... ...

Abstract	The term overkill usually indicates the infliction of massive injuries by far exceeding the extent necessary to kill the victim. Only few articles or textbooks report this term that is mostly associated with sex-motivated homicides where injuries, generally stabbing, are directed to significant sexual parts of the body. The aim of this study is to shed light on the phenomenon of overkill by reviewing some cases personally analyzed by the authors from both a forensic pathology rather than forensic psychiatry views. The reported results coupled with the literature revision confirmed the importance of a complete analysis of all criminological elements for better defining overkill cases.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Homicide/psychology ; Humans ; Insanity Defense ; Intelligence ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Motivation ; Multiple Trauma/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology ; Weapons ; Wounds, Stab/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-22
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.029
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Article ; Online: Reduced community viral load does not coincide with a reduction in the rate of new HIV diagnoses and recent infections: data from a region of southern Italy.

Monno, L / Saracino, A / Scudeller, L / Santoro, C / Brindicci, G / Punzi, G / Lagioia, A / Lo Caputo, S / Angarano, G

HIV medicine

2017 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) 711–723

Abstract: Objectives: We assessed whether changes in community viral load (CVL) over time were associated with the rate of new HIV diagnoses (NDs).: Methods: HIV-1-positive individuals referred to our institute and permanently residing in our province were ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: We assessed whether changes in community viral load (CVL) over time were associated with the rate of new HIV diagnoses (NDs). Methods: HIV-1-positive individuals referred to our institute and permanently residing in our province were considered for inclusion in the study. A total of 861 HIV-infected adults with at least one HIV RNA measurement (12 530 measurements in total) between 2008 and 2014 were included. Viraemia copy-years were calculated from all HIV RNA values for each patient using the trapezoidal rule; multiple CVL indicators were considered. Total NDs and recent infections (< 1 year) were analysed separately. The association between NDs and CVL was tested by means of mixed Poisson models, with CVL as a fixed effect and year as a random effect. Results: The incidence of NDs was 2.28 per 100 000 residents in 2008 and 2.52 per 100 000 residents in 2014. Total numbers of NDs and recent infections did not vary significantly over time (P for trend 0.879 and 0.39, respectively). Mean HIV RNA decreased from 31 095.8 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL in 2008 to 21 231.5 copies/mL in 2014 (P < 0.001); a downward trend was always observed regardless of the CVL indicator considered. Depending on the indicator, there were some differences in CVL by patient characteristics. The most substantial contributors to CVL appeared to be male individuals, men who have sex with men (MSM), non-Italians, and untreated subjects (all P < 0.05). The relative risk of ND increased among Italians and MSM with an increasing proportion of subjects having an undetectable HIV RNA, and decreased in the same population with increasing levels of CVL. Conclusions: In our setting, CVL represented a good marker of access to care and treatment; however, reduced CVL did not coincide with a reduction in the rate of NDs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Italy/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Viral Load ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2001932-4
ISSN	1468-1293 ; 1464-2662
ISSN (online)	1468-1293
ISSN	1464-2662
DOI	10.1111/hiv.12515
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Article ; Online: Increased expression of MARCKS in post-mortem brain of violent suicide completers is related to transcription of a long, noncoding, antisense RNA.

Punzi, G / Ursini, G / Shin, J H / Kleinman, J E / Hyde, T M / Weinberger, D R

Molecular psychiatry

2014 Volume 19, Issue 10, Page(s) 1057–1059

MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers/blood ; Humans ; Male ; Suicidal Ideation
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1330655-8
ISSN	1476-5578 ; 1359-4184
ISSN (online)	1476-5578
ISSN	1359-4184
DOI	10.1038/mp.2014.41
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