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Article: Environmental exposure and sensitization patterns in a Swiss alpine pediatric cohort.

Fieten, Karin B / Maya-Manzano, José M / Rückert, Beate / Candeias, Joana / Pusch, Gudrun / Buters, Jeroen / Akdis, Cezmi A / Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia

The World Allergy Organization journal

2023 Volume 16, Issue 12, Page(s) 100847

Abstract: Background: The level of environmental exposure throughout life may contribute to the prevalence of allergic sensitization and allergic disease. The alpine climate has been considered a healthy climate with little allergen exposure and pollution. We ... ...

Abstract	Background: The level of environmental exposure throughout life may contribute to the prevalence of allergic sensitization and allergic disease. The alpine climate has been considered a healthy climate with little allergen exposure and pollution. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate local environmental exposure and concomitant prevalence of allergic sensitization among local school children born and raised in an alpine environment. Methods: Clinical and demographic data were collected with a questionnaire. Allergen content was assessed in residential settled dust samples, lifetime exposure to pollen and air pollution was calculated using data from national pollen and air pollution monitoring stations, and the allergic sensitization profile was determined with component resolved diagnostics (ISAC®). Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to estimate the relation between exposure and sensitization. Results: In a cohort of children born and raised in an alpine environment, sensitization to aeroallergens is quite common (38%), especially to grass (33%) and cat (16%). House dust mite allergen was detected in up to 38% of residential dust samples, but sensitization to HDM was low (2.5%). Pollutant levels were low, but an increasing trend was observed in the amount of ozone and PM Conclusion: In a healthy alpine environment, pollution might still be an important factor contributing to allergic sensitization.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2581968-9
ISSN	1939-4551
ISSN	1939-4551
DOI	10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100847
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Article: Effect of air filtration on house dust mite, cat and dog allergens and particulate matter in homes.

Maya-Manzano, José María / Pusch, Gudrun / Ebner von Eschenbach, Cordula / Bartusel, Elke / Belzner, Thomas / Karg, Erwin / Bardolatzy, Ulrich / Scheja, Michael / Schmidt-Weber, Carsten / Buters, Jeroen

Clinical and translational allergy

2022 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) e12137

Abstract: Background: Indoor allergens (i.e. from mite, cat and dog) are carried by airborne particulate matter. Thus, removal of particles would reduce allergen exposure. This work aims to assess the performance of air filtration on particulate matter and thus ... ...

Abstract	Background: Indoor allergens (i.e. from mite, cat and dog) are carried by airborne particulate matter. Thus, removal of particles would reduce allergen exposure. This work aims to assess the performance of air filtration on particulate matter and thus allergen removal in 22 bedrooms. Methods: Indoor air was sampled (with and without air filtration) with a cascade impactor and allergens were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Particulate matter (including ultrafine particles) was also monitored. Results: The median of allergen reduction was 75.2% for Der f 1 ( Conclusions: Air filtration was effective in removing mites, cat and dog allergens and also particulate matter from ambient indoor air, offering a fast and simple solution to mitigate allergen exposome.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2630865-4
ISSN	2045-7022
ISSN	2045-7022
DOI	10.1002/clt2.12137
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Article ; Online: Metabolic activation of phenanthrene by human and mouse cytochromes P450 and pharmacokinetics in CYP1A2 knockout mice.

Schober, Wolfgang / Pusch, Gudrun / Oeder, Sebastian / Reindl, Heidi / Behrendt, Heidrun / Buters, Jeroen T M

Chemico-biological interactions

2010 Volume 183, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–66

Abstract: In the present study V79 Chinese hamster cells were genetically engineered for stable expression of the cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2, 1B1, and 2E1 from man and mouse to investigate species-specific differences in the regioselective metabolism and toxicity ... ...

Abstract	In the present study V79 Chinese hamster cells were genetically engineered for stable expression of the cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2, 1B1, and 2E1 from man and mouse to investigate species-specific differences in the regioselective metabolism and toxicity of phenanthrene (Phe), the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) forming a bay-region. Phe is present in various environmental samples and serves as a model substrate for PAH exposure in human biomonitoring studies. For this reason we explored metabolite profiles and metabolite-dependent cytotoxic activities in vitro. The total turnover of CYP-mediated transformation of Phe was as follows: human CYP1B1>CYP1A1>CYP1A2>>CYP2E1, and for mouse CYP1A2>>CYP2E1>CYP1A1. Striking species differences were seen as mouse CYP1B1 did not activate Phe at all, but human CYP1B1 exhibited a significant metabolic turnover comparable to CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. In vivo studies monitoring the whole blood Phe elimination in CYP1A2 knockout and wild-type mice after oral administration confirmed involvement of CYP1A2 in the bioactivation of Phe, but other processes must contribute also. Our data suggest that in humans not only CYP1A2 expressed solely in the liver plays a crucial role in Phe metabolism, but also constitutively expressed extrahepatic CYP1B1 in tissues such as lung, kidney or intestine. This finding will substantially improve the validity of human biomonitoring studies using individual Phe metabolites for the assessment of PAH exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/deficiency ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Phenanthrenes/blood ; Phenanthrenes/metabolism ; Phenanthrenes/toxicity ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/blood ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Phenanthrenes ; Protein Isoforms ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; phenanthrene (448J8E5BST) ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System (9035-51-2) ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 (EC 1.14.14.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-05
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218799-1
ISSN	1872-7786 ; 0009-2797
ISSN (online)	1872-7786
ISSN	0009-2797
DOI	10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.008
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Article: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel emissions exert proallergic effects in birch pollen allergic individuals through enhanced mediator release from basophils

Lubitz, Stefanie / Schober, Wolfgang / Pusch, Gudrun / Effner, Renate / Klopp, Norman / Behrendt, Heidrun / Buters, Jeroen T.M

Environmental toxicology. 2010 Apr., v. 25, no. 2

2010

Abstract: BACKGROUND:: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) act as adjuvants in the immune system and contribute to the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major components of DEPs, which may ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND:: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) act as adjuvants in the immune system and contribute to the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major components of DEPs, which may be involved in the induction and enhancement of proallergic processes. In this study we explored adjuvant effects of DEP-PAHs on activation parameters of human basophils, fostering allergic inflammation through the release of preformed or granule-derived mediators. METHODS:: Heparinized blood samples from birch pollen allergic and control donors were stimulated with Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen grains, alone or together with a mixture of 16 environmental prominent PAHs (EPA-PAH standard). Flow cytometric analysis was performed for quantitative determination of PAH-enhanced basophil activation. To assess direct PAH effects on basophils, enriched cultures from both donor groups were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or phenanthrene (Phe), two major DEP-PAHs, with and without allergen. Supernatants were assayed for IL-4 and IL-8 secretion and histamine release by means of ELISA. RESULTS:: At environmental relevant exposure levels EPA-PAH standard synergized with antigen and significantly enhanced basophil activation of all birch pollen allergic individuals up to 95%. Single PAHs significantly drove IL-8 secretion from sensitized basophils of all patients tested, and there was no further enhancement by addition of rBet v 1. B[a]P and Phe also significantly induced IL-4 secretion, a key factor for Th2 development, from purified sensitized basophils in the absence of antigen suggesting an adjuvant role of DEP-PAHs in allergic sensitization. None of the basophil samples from healthy controls showed any PAH effect on mediator release. CONCLUSION:: DEP-PAHs exert proallergic effects on sensitized basophils in an allergen independent fashion, suggesting a potential role of these pollutants for the allergic breakthrough in atopic individuals, who have not developed an allergic disease yet.
Keywords	Betula ; adjuvants ; antigens ; asthma ; basophils ; emissions ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; flow cytometry ; histamine ; humans ; inflammation ; interleukin-4 ; interleukin-8 ; morbidity ; patients ; phenanthrene ; pollen ; pollutants ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; rhinitis ; secretion
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-04
Size	p. 188-197.
Publishing place	Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463449-1
ISSN	1522-7278 ; 1520-4081
ISSN (online)	1522-7278
ISSN	1520-4081
DOI	10.1002/tox.20490
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Automatic and Online Pollen Monitoring.

Oteros, Jose / Pusch, Gudrun / Weichenmeier, Ingrid / Heimann, Ulrich / Möller, Rouven / Röseler, Stefani / Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia / Schmidt-Weber, Carsten / Buters, Jeroen T M

International archives of allergy and immunology

2015 Volume 167, Issue 3, Page(s) 158–166

Abstract: Background: Pollen are monitored in Europe by a network of about 400 pollen traps, all operated manually. To date, automated pollen monitoring has only been feasible in areas with limited variability in pollen species. There is a need for rapid ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pollen are monitored in Europe by a network of about 400 pollen traps, all operated manually. To date, automated pollen monitoring has only been feasible in areas with limited variability in pollen species. There is a need for rapid reporting of airborne pollen as well as for alleviating the workload of manual operation. We report our experience with a fully automated, image recognition-based pollen monitoring system, BAA500. Methods: The BAA500 sampled ambient air intermittently with a 3-stage virtual impactor at 60 m3/h in Munich, Germany. Pollen is deposited on a sticky surface that was regularly moved to a microscope equipped with a CCD camera. Images of the pollen were constructed and compared with a library of known samples. A Hirst-type pollen trap was operated simultaneously. Results: Over 480,000 particles sampled with the BAA500 were both manually and automatically identified, of which about 46,000 were pollen. Of the automatically reported pollen, 93.3% were correctly recognized. However, compared with manual identification, 27.8% of the captured pollen were missing in the automatic report, with most reported as unknown pollen. Salix pollen grains were not identified satisfactorily. The daily pollen concentrations reported by a Hirst-type pollen trap and the BAA500 were highly correlated (r = 0.98). Conclusions: The BAA500 is a functional automated pollen counter. Its software can be upgraded, and so we expected its performance to improve upon training. Automated pollen counting has great potential for workload reduction and rapid online pollen reporting.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollutants/immunology ; Allergens/analysis ; Allergens/immunology ; Automation ; Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Germany ; Humans ; Pollen/anatomy & histology ; Pollen/immunology ; Reproducibility of Results
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Allergens
Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1108932-5
ISSN	1423-0097 ; 1018-2438
ISSN (online)	1423-0097
ISSN	1018-2438
DOI	10.1159/000436968
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Article ; Online: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel emissions exert proallergic effects in birch pollen allergic individuals through enhanced mediator release from basophils.

Lubitz, Stefanie / Schober, Wolfgang / Pusch, Gudrun / Effner, Renate / Klopp, Norman / Behrendt, Heidrun / Buters, Jeroen T M

Environmental toxicology

2010 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 188–197

Abstract: Background: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) act as adjuvants in the immune system and contribute to the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major components of DEPs, which may ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) act as adjuvants in the immune system and contribute to the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major components of DEPs, which may be involved in the induction and enhancement of proallergic processes. In this study we explored adjuvant effects of DEP-PAHs on activation parameters of human basophils, fostering allergic inflammation through the release of preformed or granule-derived mediators. Methods: Heparinized blood samples from birch pollen allergic and control donors were stimulated with Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen grains, alone or together with a mixture of 16 environmental prominent PAHs (EPA-PAH standard). Flow cytometric analysis was performed for quantitative determination of PAH-enhanced basophil activation. To assess direct PAH effects on basophils, enriched cultures from both donor groups were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or phenanthrene (Phe), two major DEP-PAHs, with and without allergen. Supernatants were assayed for IL-4 and IL-8 secretion and histamine release by means of ELISA. Results: At environmental relevant exposure levels EPA-PAH standard synergized with antigen and significantly enhanced basophil activation of all birch pollen allergic individuals up to 95%. Single PAHs significantly drove IL-8 secretion from sensitized basophils of all patients tested, and there was no further enhancement by addition of rBet v 1. B[a]P and Phe also significantly induced IL-4 secretion, a key factor for Th2 development, from purified sensitized basophils in the absence of antigen suggesting an adjuvant role of DEP-PAHs in allergic sensitization. None of the basophil samples from healthy controls showed any PAH effect on mediator release. Conclusion: DEP-PAHs exert proallergic effects on sensitized basophils in an allergen independent fashion, suggesting a potential role of these pollutants for the allergic breakthrough in atopic individuals, who have not developed an allergic disease yet.
MeSH term(s)	Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Adult ; Air Pollutants/pharmacology ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, Plant/immunology ; Basophils/drug effects ; Basophils/immunology ; Benzo(a)pyrene/pharmacology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Cytokines/secretion ; Female ; Histamine/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Particulate Matter/pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes/pharmacology ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/pharmacology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/genetics ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology ; Tetraspanin 30 ; Vehicle Emissions ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Air Pollutants ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Plant ; CD63 protein, human ; Cytokines ; Particulate Matter ; Phenanthrenes ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Tetraspanin 30 ; Vehicle Emissions ; Benzo(a)pyrene (3417WMA06D) ; phenanthrene (448J8E5BST) ; Histamine (820484N8I3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1463449-1
ISSN	1522-7278 ; 1520-4081
ISSN (online)	1522-7278
ISSN	1520-4081
DOI	10.1002/tox.20490
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Article: Automatic and Online Pollen Monitoring

Oteros, Jose / Pusch, Gudrun / Weichenmeier, Ingrid / Heimann, Ulrich / Möller, Rouven / Röseler, Stefani / Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia / Schmidt-Weber, Carsten / Buters, Jeroen T.M.

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology

2015 Volume 167, Issue 3, Page(s) 158–166

Institution	ZAUM, Center of Allergy & Environment, Helmholtz Zentrum München UNIKA-T, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen Helmut Hund GmbH, Wetzlar, and Outpatient Clinic for Environmental Medicine, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany CK-CARE, Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
Abstract	Background: Pollen are monitored in Europe by a network of about 400 pollen traps, all operated manually. To date, automated pollen monitoring has only been feasible in areas with limited variability in pollen species. There is a need for rapid reporting of airborne pollen as well as for alleviating the workload of manual operation. We report our experience with a fully automated, image recognition-based pollen monitoring system, BAA500. Methods: The BAA500 sampled ambient air intermittently with a 3-stage virtual impactor at 60 m3/h in Munich, Germany. Pollen is deposited on a sticky surface that was regularly moved to a microscope equipped with a CCD camera. Images of the pollen were constructed and compared with a library of known samples. A Hirst-type pollen trap was operated simultaneously. Results: Over 480,000 particles sampled with the BAA500 were both manually and automatically identified, of which about 46,000 were pollen. Of the automatically reported pollen, 93.3% were correctly recognized. However, compared with manual identification, 27.8% of the captured pollen were missing in the automatic report, with most reported as unknown pollen. Salix pollen grains were not identified satisfactorily. The daily pollen concentrations reported by a Hirst-type pollen trap and the BAA500 were highly correlated (r = 0.98). Conclusions: The BAA500 is a functional automated pollen counter. Its software can be upgraded, and so we expected its performance to improve upon training. Automated pollen counting has great potential for workload reduction and rapid online pollen reporting.
Keywords	Aerobiology ; Pollen ; Air quality ; Automation ; Environmental monitoring
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-19
Publisher	S. Karger AG
Publishing place	Basel, Switzerland
Document type	Article
Note	Original Paper
ZDB-ID	1108932-5
ISSN	1423-0097 ; 1018-2438
ISSN (online)	1423-0097
ISSN	1018-2438
DOI	10.1159/000436968
Database	Karger publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Variation of the group 5 grass pollen allergen content of airborne pollen in relation to geographic location and time in season.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

2015 Volume 136, Issue 1, Page(s) 87–95.e6

Abstract: Background: Allergies to grass pollen are the number one cause of outdoor hay fever. The human immune system reacts with symptoms to allergen from pollen.: Objective: We investigated the natural variability in release of the major group 5 allergen ... ...

Abstract	Background: Allergies to grass pollen are the number one cause of outdoor hay fever. The human immune system reacts with symptoms to allergen from pollen. Objective: We investigated the natural variability in release of the major group 5 allergen from grass pollen across Europe. Methods: Airborne pollen and allergens were simultaneously collected daily with a volumetric spore trap and a high-volume cascade impactor at 10 sites across Europe for 3 consecutive years. Group 5 allergen levels were determined with a Phl p 5-specific ELISA in 2 fractions of ambient air: particulate matter of greater than 10 μm in diameter and particulate matter greater than 2.5 μm and less than 10 μm in diameter. Mediator release by ambient air was determined in FcεRI-humanized basophils. The origin of pollen was modeled and condensed to pollen potency maps. Results: On average, grass pollen released 2.3 pg of Phl p 5 per pollen. Allergen release per pollen (potency) varied substantially, ranging from less than 1 to 9 pg of Phl p 5 per pollen (5% to 95% percentile). The main variation was locally day to day. Average potency maps across Europe varied between years. Mediator release from basophilic granulocytes correlated better with allergen levels per cubic meter (r(2) = 0.80, P < .001) than with pollen grains per cubic meter (r(2) = 0.61, P < .001). In addition, pollen released different amounts of allergen in the non-pollen-bearing fraction of ambient air, depending on humidity. Conclusion: Across Europe, the same amount of pollen released substantially different amounts of group 5 grass pollen allergen. This variation in allergen release is in addition to variations in pollen counts. Molecular aerobiology (ie, determining allergen in ambient air) might be a valuable addition to pollen counting.
MeSH term(s)	Air/analysis ; Basophils/physiology ; Cell Degranulation ; Europe ; Humans ; Humidity ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Plant Proteins/analysis ; Poaceae/immunology ; Pollen/chemistry ; Receptors, IgE/genetics ; Receptors, IgE/metabolism ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology ; Seasons
Chemical Substances	FcepsilonRI gamma-chain, human ; Particulate Matter ; Phl p V protein, Phleum pratense ; Plant Proteins ; Receptors, IgE
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121011-7
ISSN	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725 ; 0091-6749
ISSN (online)	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725
ISSN	0091-6749
DOI	10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.049
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Article ; Online: Airborne indoor particles from schools are more toxic than outdoor particles.

Oeder, Sebastian / Jörres, Rudolf A / Weichenmeier, Ingrid / Pusch, Gudrun / Schober, Wolfgang / Pfab, Florian / Behrendt, Heidrun / Schierl, Rudolf / Kronseder, Angelika / Nowak, Dennis / Dietrich, Silvio / Fernández-Caldas, Enrique / Lintelmann, Jutta / Zimmermann, Ralf / Lang, Roland / Mages, Jörg / Fromme, Hermann / Buters, Jeroen T M

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology

2012 Volume 47, Issue 5, Page(s) 575–582

Abstract: High concentrations of particulate matter (PM(10)) were measured in classrooms. This study addresses the hazard of indoor particles in comparison to the better-studied outdoor particles. Samples were taken from six schools during teaching hours. Genome- ... ...

Abstract	High concentrations of particulate matter (PM(10)) were measured in classrooms. This study addresses the hazard of indoor particles in comparison to the better-studied outdoor particles. Samples were taken from six schools during teaching hours. Genome-wide gene expression in human BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells was analyzed and verified by quantitative PCR. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, endotoxin, and cat allergen (Fel d 1) were analyzed by standard methods. Enhancement of allergic reactivity by PM(10) was confirmed in human primary basophils. Acceleration of human blood coagulation was determined with supernatants of PM(10)-exposed human peripheral blood monocytes. Indoor PM(10) induced serine protease inhibitor B2 (involved in blood coagulation) and inflammatory genes (such as CXCL6, CXCL1, IL6, IL8; all P < 0.001). Outdoor PM(10) induced xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 1A1, CYP1B1, TIPARP; all P < 0.001). The induction of inflammatory genes by indoor PM(10) was explained by endotoxin (indoor 128.5 ± 42.2 EU/mg versus outdoor 13.4 ± 21.5 EU/mg; P < 0.001), the induction of CYP by outdoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (indoor 8.3 ± 4.9 ng/mg versus outdoor 16.7 ± 15.2 ng/mg; P < 0.01). The induction of serine protease inhibitor B2 was confirmed by a more rapid human blood coagulation (P < 0.05). Indoor PM(10) only affected allergic reactivity from human primary basophils from cat-allergic individuals. This was explained by varying Fel d 1 concentrations in indoor PM(10) (P < 0.001). Indoor PM(10), compared with outdoor PM(10), was six times higher and, on an equal weight basis, induced more inflammatory and allergenic reactions, and accelerated blood coagulation. Outdoor PM(10) had significantly lower effects, but induced detoxifying enzymes. Therefore, preliminary interventions for the reduction of classroom PM(10) seem reasonable, perhaps through intensified ventilation.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollutants/immunology ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; Allergens/analysis ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Basophils/drug effects ; Basophils/immunology ; Basophils/physiology ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Endotoxins/analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Monocytes/drug effects ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Particulate Matter/immunology ; Particulate Matter/toxicity ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Schools ; Transcriptome
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Allergens ; Endotoxins ; Particulate Matter ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1025960-0
ISSN	1535-4989 ; 1044-1549
ISSN (online)	1535-4989
ISSN	1044-1549
DOI	10.1165/rcmb.2012-0139OC
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Article: Release of Bet v 1 from birch pollen from 5 European countries. Results from the HIALINE study

Buters, Jeroen T.M / Thibaudon, Michel / Smith, Matt / Kennedy, Roy / Rantio-Lehtimäki, Auli / Albertini, Roberto / Reese, Gerald / Weber, Bernhard / Galan, Carmen / Brandao, Rui / Antunes, Celia M / Jäger, Siegfried / Berger, Uwe / Celenk, Sevcan / Grewling, Łukasz / Jackowiak, Bogdan / Sauliene, Ingrida / Weichenmeier, Ingrid / Pusch, Gudrun /

Sarioglu, Hakan / Ueffing, Marius / Behrendt, Heidrun / Prank, Marje / Sofiev, Mikhail / Cecchi, Lorenzo

Atmospheric environment. 2012 Aug., v. 55

2012

Abstract: Exposure to allergens is pivotal in determining sensitization and allergic symptoms in individuals. Pollen grain counts in ambient air have traditionally been assessed to estimate airborne allergen exposure. However, the exact allergen content of ambient ...

Institution	The HIALINE working group
Abstract	Exposure to allergens is pivotal in determining sensitization and allergic symptoms in individuals. Pollen grain counts in ambient air have traditionally been assessed to estimate airborne allergen exposure. However, the exact allergen content of ambient air is unknown. We therefore monitored atmospheric concentrations of birch pollen grains and the matched major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 simultaneously across Europe within the EU-funded project HIALINE (Health Impacts of Airborne Allergen Information Network). Pollen count was assessed with Hirst type pollen traps at 10 l min⁻¹ at sites in France, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Finland. Allergen concentrations in ambient air were sampled at 800 l min⁻¹ with a Chemvol® high-volume cascade impactor equipped with stages PM > 10 μm, 10 μm > PM > 2.5 μm, and in Germany also 2.5 μm > PM > 0.12 μm. The major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 was determined with an allergen specific ELISA. Bet v 1 isoform patterns were analyzed by 2D-SDS-PAGE blots and mass spectrometric identification. Basophil activation was tested in an FcɛR1-humanized rat basophil cell line passively sensitized with serum of a birch pollen symptomatic patient. Compared to 10 previous years, 2009 was a representative birch pollen season for all stations. About 90% of the allergen was found in the PM > 10 μm fraction at all stations. Bet v 1 isoforms pattern did not vary substantially neither during ripening of pollen nor between different geographical locations. The average European allergen release from birch pollen was 3.2 pg Bet v 1/pollen and did not vary much between the European countries. However, in all countries a >10-fold difference in daily allergen release per pollen was measured which could be explained by long-range transport of pollen with a deviating allergen release. Basophil activation by ambient air extracts correlated better with airborne allergen than with pollen concentration. Although Bet v 1 is a mixture of different isoforms, its fingerprint is constant across Europe. Bet v 1 was also exclusively linked to pollen. Pollen from different days varied >10-fold in allergen release. Thus exposure to allergen is inaccurately monitored by only monitoring birch pollen grains. Indeed, a humanized basophil activation test correlated much better with allergen concentrations in ambient air than with pollen count. Monitoring the allergens themselves together with pollen in ambient air might be an improvement in allergen exposure assessment.
Keywords	Betula ; air ; allergens ; atmospheric chemistry ; blood serum ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; exposure assessment ; mass spectrometry ; monitoring ; patients ; pollen ; rats ; ripening ; spore traps ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-08
Size	p. 496-505.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.054
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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