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Article: Tricuspid Annular Abnormalities in Isolated Left Ventricular Non-compaction-Insights From the Three-dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiographic MAGYAR-Path Study.

Nemes, Attila / Rácz, Gergely / Kormányos, Árpád

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 694616

Abstract: Introduction: Prominent trabecular left ventricular (LV) meshwork and deep intertrabecular LV recesses are featuring LV non-compaction (LVNC). The aim of this study was to evaluate tricuspid annular (TA) morphological and functional abnormalities by ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Prominent trabecular left ventricular (LV) meshwork and deep intertrabecular LV recesses are featuring LV non-compaction (LVNC). The aim of this study was to evaluate tricuspid annular (TA) morphological and functional abnormalities by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) in patients with LVNC without right ventricular (RV) involvement. Materials and methods: This study consisted of 21 patients with isolated LVNC, from which 6 cases were excluded due to inferior image quality. The remaining patient group consisted of 15 subjects with a mean age of 52.1 ± 11.4 years (9 males). LVNC was defined according to the Jenni's criteria. Their results were compared to 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age: 52.4 ± 3.9 years, 14 males). Complete routine 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all the patients with isolated LVNC and healthy controls. End-systolic and end-diastolic TA dimensions were assessed on selected planes derived from full-volume 3D echocardiographic datasets during 3DSTE. Results: Patients with isolated LVNC showed significantly dilated end-systolic and end-diastolic TA diameter and area, which were accompanied with preserved TA functional properties and associated with right atrial (RA) volumes. TA plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) showed mild correlations with TA fractional area change (TAFAC) and TA fractional shortening (TAFS). No correlations could be demonstrated between TAPSE and TA morphological features. Extent of LVNC did not correlate with any echocardiographic parameters. Conclusion: TA is dilated with preserved sphincter-like function in patients with isolated LVNC. Longitudinal (TAPSE) and sphincter-like (TAFAC and TAFS) TA movements correlate with each other. TA dilation is associated with an increased RA volumes respecting cardiac cycle.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2781496-8
ISSN	2297-055X
ISSN	2297-055X
DOI	10.3389/fcvm.2022.694616
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Article ; Online: The physiological function of copper, the etiological role of copper excess and deficiency

Vetlényi, Enikő / Rácz, Gergely

Orvosi hetilap

2020 Volume 161, Issue 35, Page(s) 1488–1496

Abstract: Copper is an essential micronutrient for the human body, taking part in several metabolic processes. It is required for the terminal oxidation, the elimination of free radicals, the proper functioning of iron metabolism, the synthesis of hormones, ... ...

Title translation	A réz élettani funkciója, a rézfelhalmozódás és a rézhiány kóroktani szerepe.
Abstract	Copper is an essential micronutrient for the human body, taking part in several metabolic processes. It is required for the terminal oxidation, the elimination of free radicals, the proper functioning of iron metabolism, the synthesis of hormones, neurotransmitters and the stabilization of the extracellular matrix. Copper is a two-faced element. Its significance in protein-bounded form is undeniable, but free copper causes severe cell damage mainly through free radical reactions, substituting other essential metals in protein structure, and it has various effects on cell signaling pathways. The amount of copper present in the human body is part of a delicate balance. Both its deficiency and excess can develop severe symptoms and diseases. The nutritional copper balance is rarely broken, because the average daily consumption excessively covers the needs, and the body's copper stores can tolerate the temporary differences. Genetic diseases (Menkes and Wilson disease) helped to understand the copper metabolism and understand the clinical symptoms of deficiency and excessive intake. The role of copper in the development of chronic diseases is receiving increasing attention. Recent studies show its significance in neurodegenerative and cancerous diseases, both in pathogenesis and as a therapeutic target. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(35): 1488-1496.
MeSH term(s)	Copper/chemistry ; Copper/metabolism ; Free Radicals ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration/genetics ; Humans ; Metals ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Trace Elements
Chemical Substances	Free Radicals ; Metals ; Trace Elements ; Copper (789U1901C5)
Language	Hungarian
Publishing date	2020-08-27
Publishing country	Hungary
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123879-6
ISSN	1788-6120 ; 0030-6002
ISSN (online)	1788-6120
ISSN	0030-6002
DOI	10.1556/650.2020.31854
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Article ; Online: A műtétileg korrigált Fallot-tetralógiával élő felnőtt betegek multimodális képalkotó vizsgálata. Eredmények a CSONGRAD Regiszterből

Rácz, Gergely / Zagyi, Anna / Tóth, Attila / Kormányos, Árpád / Havasi, Kálmán / Forster, Tamás / Nemes, Attila

Orvosi hetilap

2023 Volume 164, Issue 5, Page(s) 186–194

Abstract: Introduction: There is an increasing ratio of surviving patients with congenital heart disease including tetralogy of Fallot.: Objective: The aim of the present study was a comparative assessment of echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance ... ...

Title translation	Multimodality imaging of adult patients with surgically corrected tetralogy of Fallot. Results from the CSONGRAD Registry
Abstract	Introduction: There is an increasing ratio of surviving patients with congenital heart disease including tetralogy of Fallot. Objective: The aim of the present study was a comparative assessment of echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived findings in patients with tetralogy of Fallot following early total reconstruction versus early palliation/late correction. Methods: The study comprised 17 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (mean age: 28.6 ± 10.4 years; 10 males). Early total reconstruction was performed in 10 cases (mean age: 25.0 ± 8.0 years; 8 males), while early palliation/late construction was done in 7 subjects (mean age: 33.7 ± 11.8 years; 2 males). Complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and cardiac resonance imaging were performed in all patients. Results: During long-term follow-up, lower left ventricular end-systolic (40.50 ± 10.55 ml/m2 vs. 58.14 ± 19.07 ml/m2, p = 0.013) and end-diastolic volume indices (86.60 ± 12.62 ml/m2 vs. 116.70 ± 23.70 ml/m2, p = 0.002) and stroke volume index (46.00 ± 6.77 ml/m2 vs. 58.43 ± 7.11 ml/m2, p = 0.001) could be detected, which were associated with higher echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (69.75 ± 6.80% vs. 61.67 ± 8.80%, p = 0.038) in patients with tetralogy of Fallot following early total reconstruction as compared to that of subjects late after early palliation/late correction. In regard with the right heart, larger right ventricular muscle mass (72.33 ± 21.03 g/m2 vs. 51.33 ± 22.33 g/m2, p = 0.044) could be seen in patients with tetralogy of Fallot following early total reconstruction. Conclusion: Beneficial left ventricular morphological and functional parameters, but more pronounced right ventricular hypertrophy could be detected in patients with tetralogy of Fallot following early total reconstruction as compared to that of subjects late after early palliation/late correction. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(5): 186-194.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Tetralogy of Fallot/diagnostic imaging ; Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Language	Hungarian
Publishing date	2023-02-05
Publishing country	Hungary
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123879-6
ISSN	1788-6120 ; 0030-6002
ISSN (online)	1788-6120
ISSN	0030-6002
DOI	10.1556/650.2023.32696
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Article: Tricuspid annular abnormalities following different surgical strategies in adults with corrected tetralogy of Fallot (Results from the CSONGRAD Registry and MAGYAR-Path Study).

Nemes, Attila / Rácz, Gergely / Kormányos, Árpád / Ambrus, Nóra / Havasi, Kálmán

Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy

2022 Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 1276–1283

Abstract: Background: Although there is an increasing number of patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot (cTOF), who reach adulthood due to recent successful surgical procedures, some of them suffers from late complications, including functional tricuspid ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although there is an increasing number of patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot (cTOF), who reach adulthood due to recent successful surgical procedures, some of them suffers from late complications, including functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). The purpose of the present study was to examine tricuspid annular (TA) abnormalities in adult cTOF patients and their relationship right atrial (RA) volumes respecting the cardiac cycle assessed by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE). Moreover, the effect of different surgical procedures on TA morphologic and functional parameters was examined as well. Methods: The study comprised 24 cTOF patients (32.8±13.5 years, 9 males) in which early palliative surgery and late total correction were performed in 12 cases (pcTOF), while early total reconstruction was performed in 12 subjects (etrTOF). Their results were compared to those of 33 matched healthy adults (36.7±7.2 years, 15 males). Results: Dilated end-systolic and end-diastolic TA morphologic parameters and their body surface area-indexed counterpart could be detected in cTOF patients as compared to that of controls. TA fractional area change and TA fractional shortening proved to be reduced in cTOF patients as well as in etrTOF and pcTOF patients compared to controls. None of the TA morphologic and functional parameters showed any differences between etrTOF and pcTOF patients. Increased maximum, preatrial contraction and minimum RA volumes could be detected in cTOF patients compared to controls, which correlated with TA dimensions. Conclusions: TA is dilated with reduced function in adult patients with cTOF. TA dilation is related to RA volumes. etrTOF and pcTOF patients have similar TA dimensions and TA functional properties. Keywords: Fallot; tricuspid annulus; three-dimensional (3D); speckle-tracking; echocardiography.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-08
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2685043-6
ISSN	2223-3660 ; 2223-3652
ISSN (online)	2223-3660
ISSN	2223-3652
DOI	10.21037/cdt-21-256
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Article: The tricuspid annulus in amyloidosis with cardiac involvement: Detailed analysis from the three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR-Path Study.

Nemes, Attila / Rácz, Gergely / Kormányos, Árpád / Földeák, Dóra / Borbényi, Zita

International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature

2022 Volume 40, Page(s) 101026

Abstract: Introduction: Amyloidosis is a rare condition due to extracellular deposition of excessive amount of protein in parenchymal tissues including the heart. The present study aimed to test whether cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is associated with morphological ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Amyloidosis is a rare condition due to extracellular deposition of excessive amount of protein in parenchymal tissues including the heart. The present study aimed to test whether cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is associated with morphological and functional abnormalities of the tricuspid annulus (TA). For this aim, the results of patients having CA were compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE). Moreover, differences in TA parameters between light-chain CA (AL-CA) and transthyretin CA (TTR-CA) were studies as well. Materials and methods: The study comprised 27 CA patients (mean age: 62.7 ± 9.1 years, 21 males), their results were compared to those of 20 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (59.3 ± 3.8 years, 13 males). Complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE were performed in all CA patients and controls. Results: Dilated end-diastolic and end-systolic TA diameter, area and perimeter could be detected in all CA patients and in the AL-CA and TTR-CA subgroups, as well. Although only a few TTR-CA patients were involved, morphologic TA parameters proved to be tendentiously higher as compared to those of AL-CA patients. Functional parameters of TA were found to be reduced in CA patients, which were more deteriorated in AL-CA patients. Conclusions: Dilated TA is associated with its functional deterioration in CA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2818464-6
ISSN	2352-9067
ISSN	2352-9067
DOI	10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101026
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Article: Tricuspid annular and right atrial volume changes are associated in healthy adults-insights from the three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR-Healthy Study.

Nemes, Attila / Kormányos, Árpád / Rácz, Gergely / Ruzsa, Zoltán / Achim, Alexandru / Ambrus, Nóra / Lengyel, Csaba

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1140599

Abstract: Introduction: The tricuspid valve and its annulus (TA) and the right atrium (RA) play a significant role in regulating blood flow in the right heart. However, their effect on each other is not fully understood even in normal circumstances. Three- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The tricuspid valve and its annulus (TA) and the right atrium (RA) play a significant role in regulating blood flow in the right heart. However, their effect on each other is not fully understood even in normal circumstances. Three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is able to simultaneously assess TA and RA at the same time in a non-invasive way. The present study aimed to examine associations between tricuspid annular (TA) dimensions and right atrial (RA) volumes in healthy adults by 3DSTE. Methods: The present study comprised 144 healthy subjects (mean age: 34.4 ± 12.6 years, 72 males), who participated in this study on a voluntary basis for screening between 2011 and 2015. In all subjects, electrocardiography, two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE have been performed. Results: With increasing end-systolic maximum RA volume, all end-systolic and end-diastolic TA dimensions showed simultaneous increase, but in various degrees resulting in (non-significant) reduction of TA functional properties. Similarly, with increasing diastolic pre-atrial contraction and minimum RA volumes, TA dimensions increased simultaneously (except end-diastolic TA diameter), but in various degrees resulting in reduced TA fractional shortening and fractional area change. With increasing RA dimensions, end-systolic and end-diastolic TA dimensions showed simultaneous increase, but in different, sometimes not significant degrees. While RA stroke volumes showed increasing pattern with TA dilation, RA emptying fractions have not changed substantially. Conclusions: 3DSTE is suitable for non-invasive assessment of TA dimensions and RA volumes at the same time using the same 3D echocardiographic dataset. Significant associations between TA size and RA volumes exist in healthy circumstances. Strong associations in case of dilation of TA in the presence of higher RA volumes could partly explain functional tricuspid regurgitation later developing in subjects in sinus rhythm.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2781496-8
ISSN	2297-055X
ISSN	2297-055X
DOI	10.3389/fcvm.2023.1140599
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Article: The Relationship between Tricuspid Annular Longitudinal and Sphincter-like Features of Its Function in Healthy Adults: Insights from the MAGYAR-Healthy Study.

Nemes, Attila / Rácz, Gergely / Kormányos, Árpád / Ruzsa, Zoltán / Achim, Alexandru / Lengyel, Csaba

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 10

Abstract: Introduction: The tricuspid valve is an atrioventricular valve located on the right side of the heart, which consists of the fibrous tricuspid annulus (TA), three valvular leaflets and a supporting apparatus, the papillary muscles and the tendinous ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The tricuspid valve is an atrioventricular valve located on the right side of the heart, which consists of the fibrous tricuspid annulus (TA), three valvular leaflets and a supporting apparatus, the papillary muscles and the tendinous chords. The TA is an oval-shaped three-dimensional (3D) fibrous structure with a complex spatial movement during the cardiac cycle. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) could help during "en-face" assessment of TA dimensions and related functional properties featuring its "sphincter-like" function. TA plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is a displacement of the lateral edge of the TA toward the apex in systole measured in apical long-axis using M-mode echocardiography (MME). The aim of this study was to determine potential relationships between TA size and its "sphincter-like" and "longitudinal" functions in healthy adults with no functional tricuspid regurgitation. Methods: The present study consisted of 119 healthy patients (age: 34.6 ± 11.5 years, 70 men) who underwent routine echocardiography with M-mode-derived TAPSE measurement and 3DE. Two subgroups of healthy subjects were compared with each other. A total of 29 subjects with TAPSE between 17 and 21 mm were compared with 90 cases with TAPSE ≥ 22 mm. Results: Subjects with TAPSE of 17-21 mm had tendentiously dilated TA dimensions compared with subjects with TAPSE ≥ 22 mm. Significant differences could be detected in the end-systolic TA area (5.85 ± 1.90 cm Conclusions: Three-dimensional echocardiography is capable of measuring TA dimensions and functional "sphincter-like" properties, which are associated with MME-derived TAPSE, suggesting a sensitive and harmonic TA function in healthy adults without functional tricuspid regurgitation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life13102079
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Article ; Online: Discovery of two new isoforms of the human DUT gene.

Rácz, Gergely Attila / Nagy, Nikolett / Várady, György / Tóvári, József / Apáti, Ágota / Vértessy, Beáta G

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 7760

Abstract: In human cells two dUTPase isoforms have been described: one nuclear (DUT-N) and one mitochondrial (DUT-M), with cognate localization signals. In contrast, here we identified two additional isoforms; DUT-3 without any localization signal and DUT-4 with ... ...

Abstract	In human cells two dUTPase isoforms have been described: one nuclear (DUT-N) and one mitochondrial (DUT-M), with cognate localization signals. In contrast, here we identified two additional isoforms; DUT-3 without any localization signal and DUT-4 with the same nuclear localization signal as DUT-N. Based on an RT-qPCR method for simultaneous isoform-specific quantification we analysed the relative expression patterns in 20 human cell lines of highly different origins. We found that the DUT-N isoform is expressed by far at the highest level, followed by the DUT-M and the DUT-3 isoform. A strong correlation between expression levels of DUT-M and DUT-3 suggests that these two isoforms may share the same promoter. We analysed the effect of serum starvation on the expression of dUTPase isoforms compared to non-treated cells and found that the mRNA levels of DUT-N decreased in A-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in HeLa cells. Surprisingly, upon serum starvation DUT-M and DUT-3 showed a significant increase in the expression, while the expression level of the DUT-4 isoform did not show any changes. Taken together our results indicate that the cellular dUTPase supply may also be provided in the cytoplasm and starvation stress induced expression changes are cell line dependent.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; HeLa Cells ; Protein Isoforms/genetics ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Pyrophosphatases/genetics ; Pyrophosphatases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Protein Isoforms ; Pyrophosphatases (EC 3.6.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-32970-1
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Article: Tricuspid annular abnormalities in repaired dextro-transposition of the great arteries following Senning and Mustard procedures (Insights from the CSONGRAD Registry and MAGYAR-Path Study).

Nemes, Attila / Rácz, Gergely / Kormányos, Árpád / Gyenes, Nándor / Ambrus, Nóra / Havasi, Kálmán

Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy

2022 Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 1269–1275

Abstract: Background: In dextro-transposition of the great arteries (dTGA), the aorta and the pulmonary artery are transposed in position, when aorta arises from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. The present study was ... ...

Abstract	Background: In dextro-transposition of the great arteries (dTGA), the aorta and the pulmonary artery are transposed in position, when aorta arises from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. The present study was designed to assess three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived tricuspid annular (TA) abnormalities in adult patients with dTGA late after atrial switch operations. It was also examined whether differences in TA morphology and function exist between Senning- and Mustard-procedures. Methods: The study consisted of 14 adult dTGA patients (mean age: 29.9±8.3 years, 6 males), who underwent Mustard-procedure (n=7) at the age of 1.57±0.53 years or Senning-procedure (n=7) at the age of 1.42±0.53 years. Their results were compared to 28 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (30.3±4.9 years, 14 males). Results: Dilated end-systolic and end-diastolic TA diameters, areas and perimeters could be detected in dTGA patients as compared to those of controls. TA functional properties calculated from TA diameter (TAFS) and area (TAFAC) data proved to be deteriorated in dTGA patients. No differences could be detected either in TA dimensions, or in TA functional properties between Senning- and Mustard-operated dTGA patients. TA plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was reduced, which did not correlate with TAFAC and TAFS in dTGA patients. Conclusions: In dTGA, dilated end-systolic and end-diastolic TA is accompanied with deteriorated TA functional properties regardless of which atrial switch procedure was performed. Correlations between TAPSE representing longitudinal movement of the TA and TAFAC and TAFS representing sphincter-like movement of the TA disappeared, which could partially explain accompanying tricuspid functional regurgitations. Keywords: Tricuspid annulus; function; three-dimensional echocardiography; speckle-tracking; transposition of the great arteries.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-08
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2685043-6
ISSN	2223-3660 ; 2223-3652
ISSN (online)	2223-3660
ISSN	2223-3652
DOI	10.21037/cdt-21-330
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Article ; Online: Strong desmin immunoreactivity in the myocardial sleeves around pulmonary veins, superior caval vein and coronary sinus supports the presumed arrhythmogenicity of these regions.

Kugler, Szilvia / Tőkés, Anna-Mária / Nagy, Nándor / Fintha, Attila / Danics, Krisztina / Sághi, Márton / Törő, Klára / Rácz, Gergely / Nemeskéri, Ágnes

Journal of anatomy

2023 Volume 244, Issue 1, Page(s) 120–132

Abstract: Myocardial sleeve around human pulmonary veins plays a critical role in the pathomechanism of atrial fibrillation. Besides the well-known arrhythmogenicity of these veins, there is evidence that myocardial extensions into caval veins and coronary sinus ... ...

Abstract	Myocardial sleeve around human pulmonary veins plays a critical role in the pathomechanism of atrial fibrillation. Besides the well-known arrhythmogenicity of these veins, there is evidence that myocardial extensions into caval veins and coronary sinus may exhibit similar features. However, studies investigating histologic properties of these structures are limited. We aimed to investigate the immunoreactivity of myocardial sleeves for intermediate filament desmin, which was reported to be more abundant in Purkinje fibers than in ventricular working cardiomyocytes. Sections of 16 human (15 adult and 1 fetal) hearts were investigated. Specimens of atrial and ventricular myocardium, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, pulmonary veins, superior caval vein and coronary sinus were stained with anti-desmin monoclonal antibody. Intensity of desmin immunoreactivity in different areas was quantified by the ImageJ program. Strong desmin labeling was detected at the pacemaker and conduction system as well as in the myocardial sleeves around pulmonary veins, superior caval vein, and coronary sinus of adult hearts irrespective of sex, age, and medical history. In the fetal heart, prominent desmin labeling was observed at the sinoatrial nodal region and in the myocardial extensions around the superior caval vein. Contrarily, atrial and ventricular working myocardium exhibited low desmin immunoreactivity in both adults and fetuses. These differences were confirmed by immunohistochemical quantitative analysis. In conclusion, this study indicates that desmin is abundant in the conduction system and venous myocardial sleeves of human hearts.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Coronary Sinus ; Desmin ; Myocardium/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Pulmonary Veins/pathology ; Vena Cava, Superior
Chemical Substances	Desmin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2955-5
ISSN	1469-7580 ; 0021-8782
ISSN (online)	1469-7580
ISSN	0021-8782
DOI	10.1111/joa.13947
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