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Article ; Online: Towards the direct detection of viral materials at the surface of protective face masks via infrared spectroscopy

Vanessa Schorer / Julian Haas / Robert Stach / Vjekoslav Kokoric / Rüdiger Groß / Jan Muench / Tim Hummel / Harald Sobek / Jan Mennig / Boris Mizaikoff

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic represents a considerable risk for the general public and especially for health care workers. To avoid an overloading of the health care system and to control transmission chains, the development of rapid and cost- ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic represents a considerable risk for the general public and especially for health care workers. To avoid an overloading of the health care system and to control transmission chains, the development of rapid and cost-effective techniques allowing for the reliable diagnosis of individuals with acute respiratory infections are crucial. Uniquely, the present study focuses on the development of a direct face mask sampling approach, as worn (i.e., used) disposable face masks contain exogenous environmental constituents, as well as endogenously exhaled breath aerosols. Optical techniques—and specifically infrared (IR) molecular spectroscopic techniques—are promising tools for direct virus detection at the surface of such masks. In the present study, a rapid and non-destructive approach for monitoring exposure scenarios via medical face masks using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy is presented. Complementarily, IR external reflection spectroscopy was evaluated in comparison for rapid mask analysis. The utility of a face mask-based sampling approach was demonstrated by differentiating water, proteins, and virus-like particles sampled onto the mask. Data analysis using multivariate statistical algorithms enabled unambiguously classifying spectral signatures of individual components and biospecies. This approach has the potential to be extended towards the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2—as shown herein for the example of virus-like particles which are morphologically equivalent to authentic virus—without any additional sample preparation or elaborate testing equipment at laboratory facilities. Therefore, this strategy may be implemented as a routine large-scale monitoring routine, e.g., at health care institutions, nursing homes, etc. ensuring the health and safety of medical personnel.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Utilization of Aminoguanidine Prevents Cytotoxic Effects of Semen

Mirja Harms / Pascal von Maltitz / Rüdiger Groß / Benjamin Mayer / Miriam Deniz / Janis Müller / Jan Münch

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 8563, p

2022 Volume 8563

Abstract: Studies of human semen in cell or tissue culture are hampered by the high cytotoxic activity of this body fluid. The components responsible for the cell damaging activity of semen are amine oxidases, which convert abundant polyamines, such as spermine or ...

Abstract	Studies of human semen in cell or tissue culture are hampered by the high cytotoxic activity of this body fluid. The components responsible for the cell damaging activity of semen are amine oxidases, which convert abundant polyamines, such as spermine or spermidine in seminal plasma into toxic intermediates. Amine oxidases are naturally present at low concentrations in seminal plasma and at high concentrations in fetal calf serum, a commonly used cell culture supplement. Here, we show that, in the presence of fetal calf serum, seminal plasma, as well as the polyamines spermine and spermidine, are highly cytotoxic to immortalized cells, primary blood mononuclear cells, and vaginal tissue. Thus, experiments investigating the effect of polyamines and seminal plasma on cellular functions should be performed with great caution, considering the confounding cytotoxic effects. The addition of the amine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine to fetal calf serum and/or the utilization of serum-free medium greatly reduced this serum-induced cytotoxicity of polyamines and seminal plasma in cell lines, primary cells, and tissues and, thus, should be implemented in all future studies analyzing the role of polyamines and semen on cellular functions.
Keywords	seminal fluid ; cytotoxicity ; polyamines ; spermine ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Development and Characterization of Magnetic SARS-CoV-2 Peptide-Imprinted Polymers

Beatriz Fresco-Cala / Soumya Rajpal / Tamara Rudolf / Benedikt Keitel / Rüdiger Groß / Jan Münch / Alex D. Batista / Boris Mizaikoff

Nanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2985, p

2021 Volume 2985

Abstract: The development of new methods for the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of SARS-CoV-2 is a key factor in overcoming the global pandemic that we have been facing for over a year. In this work, we focused on the preparation of magnetic molecularly ...

Abstract	The development of new methods for the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of SARS-CoV-2 is a key factor in overcoming the global pandemic that we have been facing for over a year. In this work, we focused on the preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) based on the self-polymerization of dopamine at the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Instead of using the whole SARS-CoV-2 virion as a template, a peptide of the viral spike protein, which is present at the viral surface, was innovatively used for the imprinting step. Thus, problems associated with the infectious nature of the virus along with its potential instability when used as a template and under the polymerization conditions were avoided. Dopamine was selected as a functional monomer following a rational computational screening approach that revealed not only a high binding energy of the dopamine–peptide complex but also multi-point interactions across the entire peptide template surface as opposed to other monomers with similar binding affinity. Moreover, variables affecting the imprinting efficiency including polymerization time and amount of peptide and dopamine were experimentally evaluated. Finally, the selectivity of the prepared MMIPs vs. other peptide sequences (i.e., from Zika virus) was evaluated, demonstrating that the developed MMIPs were only specific for the target SARS-CoV-2 peptide.
Keywords	dopamine ; molecularly imprinted polymers ; magnetic imprinted particles ; peptide imprinting ; epitope imprinting ; surrogate imprinting ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination elicits potent neutralizing antibody responses and T cell reactivity against prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants

Rüdiger Groß / Michelle Zanoni / Alina Seidel / Carina Conzelmann / Andrea Gilg / Daniela Krnavek / Sümeyye Erdemci-Evin / Benjamin Mayer / Markus Hoffmann / Stefan Pöhlmann / Weimin Liu / Beatrice H. Hahn / Alexandra Beil / Joris Kroschel / Bernd Jahrsdörfer / Hubert Schrezenmeier / Frank Kirchhoff / Jan Münch / Janis A. Müller

EBioMedicine, Vol 75, Iss , Pp 103761- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Summary: Background: Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens combining vector- and mRNA-based vaccines are already administered, but data on solicited adverse reactions, immunological responses and elicited protection are limited. Methods: To evaluate ...

Abstract	Summary: Background: Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens combining vector- and mRNA-based vaccines are already administered, but data on solicited adverse reactions, immunological responses and elicited protection are limited. Methods: To evaluate the reactogenicity and humoral as well as cellular immune responses towards most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants after a heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination, we analysed a cohort of 26 clinic employees aged 25-46 (median 30.5) years who received a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime followed by a BNT162b2 boost after an 8-week interval. Serological data were compared to a cohort which received homologous BNT162b2 vaccination with a 3-week interval (14 individuals aged 25-65, median 42). Findings: Self-reported solicited symptoms after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime were in line with previous reports and more severe than after the BNT162b2 boost. Antibody titres increased significantly over time resulting in strong neutralization titres two weeks after the BNT162b2 boost and subsequently slightly decreased over the course of 17 weeks. At the latest time point measured, all analysed sera retained neutralizing activity against the currently dominant Delta (B.1.617.2) variant. Two weeks post boost, neutralizing activity against the Alpha (B.1.1.7) and immune-evading Beta (B.1.351) variant was ∼4-fold higher than in individuals receiving homologous BNT162b2 vaccination. No difference was observed in neutralization of Kappa (B.1.617.1). In addition, heterologous vaccination induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reactive to SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides of all analysed variants; Wuhan-Hu-1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma (P.1), and Delta. Interpretation: In conclusion, heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 / BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination is not associated with serious adverse events and induces potent humoral and cellular immune responses. The Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Kappa variants of spike are potently neutralized by sera from all participants and reactive T cells recognize spike peptides of all ...
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Delta ; B.1.617.2 ; immunity ; heterologous vaccination ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Salivary extracellular vesicles inhibit Zika virus but not SARS-CoV-2 infection

Carina Conzelmann / Rüdiger Groß / Min Zou / Franziska Krüger / André Görgens / Manuela O Gustafsson / Samir El Andaloussi / Jan Münch / Janis A. Müller

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Vol 9, Iss

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) is mainly transmitted via mosquitos, but human-to-human transmissions also occur. The virus is shed into various body fluids including saliva, which represents a possible source of viral transmission. Thus, we here explored whether ... ...

Abstract	Zika virus (ZIKV) is mainly transmitted via mosquitos, but human-to-human transmissions also occur. The virus is shed into various body fluids including saliva, which represents a possible source of viral transmission. Thus, we here explored whether human saliva affects ZIKV infectivity. We found that physiological concentrations of pooled saliva dose-dependently inhibit ZIKV infection of monkey and human cells by preventing viral attachment to target cells. The anti-ZIKV activity in saliva could not be abrogated by boiling, suggesting the antiviral factor is not a protein. Instead, we found that purified extracellular vesicles (EVs) from saliva inhibit ZIKV infection. Salivary EVs (saEVs) express typical EV markers such as tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81 and prevent ZIKV attachment to and infection of target cells at concentrations that are naturally present in saliva. The anti-ZIKV activity of saliva is conserved but the magnitude of inhibition varies between individual donors. In contrast to ZIKV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), predominantly spreading via respiratory droplets, is not affected by saliva or saEVs. Our findings provide a plausible explanation for why ZIKV transmission via saliva, i.e. by deep kissing have not been recorded and establish a novel oral innate immune defence mechanism against some viral pathogens.
Keywords	extracellular vesicles ; exosomes ; saliva ; zika virus ; flavivirus ; transmission ; inhibition ; antiviral ; sars-cov-2 ; Cytology ; QH573-671 ; covid19
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bioassay for Endothelial Damage Mediators Retrieved by Hemoadsorption

Maximilian Denzinger / Ludger Staendker / Keno Ehlers / Julian M. Schneider / Tanja Schulz / Tabea Hein / Sebastian Wiese / Annika Roecker / Ruediger Gross / Jan Münch / Hendrik Bracht / Eberhard Barth / Manfred Weiss / Michael Georgieff / E. Marion Schneider

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract Hemoadsorption devices are used to treat septic shock by adsorbing inflammatory cytokines and as yet incompletely defined danger and pathogen associated molecular patterns. In an ideal case, hemoadsorption results in immediate recovery of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Hemoadsorption devices are used to treat septic shock by adsorbing inflammatory cytokines and as yet incompletely defined danger and pathogen associated molecular patterns. In an ideal case, hemoadsorption results in immediate recovery of microvascular endothelial cells’ (mEC) function and rapid recovery from catecholamine-dependency and septic shock. We here tested a single device, which consists of polystyrene-divinylbenzene core particles of 450 μm diameter with a high affinity for hydrophobic compounds. The current study aimed at the proof of concept that endothelial-specific damage mediators are adsorbed and can be recovered from hemoadsorption devices. Because of excellent clinical experience, we tested protein fractions released from a hemoadsorber in a novel endothelial bioassay. Video-based, long-term imaging of mEC proliferation and cell death were evaluated and combined with apoptosis and ATP measurements. Out of a total of 39 fractions recovered from column fractionation, we identified 3 fractions that caused i) inhibition of mEC proliferation, ii) increased cell death and iii) induction of apoptosis in mEC. When adding these 3 fractions to mEC, their ATP contents were reduced. These fractions contained proteins of approximately 15 kDa, and high amounts of nucleic acid, which was at least in part oxidized. The efficacy for endothelial cell damage prevention by hemoadsorption can be addressed by a novel endothelial bioassay and long-term video observation procedures. Protein fractionation of the hemoadsorption devices used is feasible to study and define endothelial damage ligands on a molecular level. The results suggest a significant effect by circulating nucleic acids – bound to an as yet undefined protein, which may constitute a major danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in the exacerbation of inflammation when patients experience septic shock. Hemoadsorption devices may thus limit endothelial damage, through the binding of nucleic acid-bearing aggregates and thus contribute to improved endothelial barrier function.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: High antibody levels and reduced cellular response in children up to one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Eva-Maria Jacobsen / Dorit Fabricius / Magdalena Class / Fernando Topfstedt / Raquel Lorenzetti / Iga Janowska / Franziska Schmidt / Julian Staniek / Maria Zernickel / Thomas Stamminger / Andrea N. Dietz / Angela Zellmer / Manuel Hecht / Peter Rauch / Carmen Blum / Carolin Ludwig / Bernd Jahrsdörfer / Hubert Schrezenmeier / Maximilian Heeg /

Benjamin Mayer / Alina Seidel / Rüdiger Groß / Jan Münch / Frank Kirchhoff / Sebastian F. N. Bode / Gudrun Strauss / Hanna Renk / Roland Elling / Maximillian Stich / Reinhard E. Voll / Burkhard Tönshof / Axel R. Franz / Philipp Henneke / Klaus-Michael Debatin / Marta Rizzi / Ales Janda

Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 16

Abstract: Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is different in adults and children which involves the immune response. Here using a parent and children cohort with 4 month and 12 month sampling times, the authors show enhanced levels and increased breadth of anti- ... ...

Abstract	Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is different in adults and children which involves the immune response. Here using a parent and children cohort with 4 month and 12 month sampling times, the authors show enhanced levels and increased breadth of anti-spike antibody level over time but reduced specific T cell and B cell numbers in children.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits TMPRSS2 protease activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection

Lukas Wettstein / Tatjana Weil / Carina Conzelmann / Janis A. Müller / Rüdiger Groß / Maximilian Hirschenberger / Alina Seidel / Susanne Klute / Fabian Zech / Caterina Prelli Bozzo / Nico Preising / Giorgio Fois / Robin Lochbaum / Philip Maximilian Knaff / Volker Mailänder / Ludger Ständker / Dietmar Rudolf Thal / Christian Schumann / Steffen Stenger /

Alexander Kleger / Günter Lochnit / Benjamin Mayer / Yasser B. Ruiz-Blanco / Markus Hoffmann / Konstantin M. J. Sparrer / Stefan Pöhlmann / Elsa Sanchez-Garcia / Frank Kirchhoff / Manfred Frick / Jan Münch

Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: Here, via screening of a polypeptide library from bronchoalveolar lavage, the authors identify and characterize α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor and show that α1AT binds and inactivates the serine protease TMPRSS2, which enzymatically primes ...

Abstract	Here, via screening of a polypeptide library from bronchoalveolar lavage, the authors identify and characterize α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor and show that α1AT binds and inactivates the serine protease TMPRSS2, which enzymatically primes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for membrane fusion.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: IFITM proteins promote SARS-CoV-2 infection and are targets for virus inhibition in vitro

Caterina Prelli Bozzo / Rayhane Nchioua / Meta Volcic / Lennart Koepke / Jana Krüger / Desiree Schütz / Sandra Heller / Christina M. Stürzel / Dorota Kmiec / Carina Conzelmann / Janis Müller / Fabian Zech / Elisabeth Braun / Rüdiger Groß / Lukas Wettstein / Tatjana Weil / Johanna Weiß / Federica Diofano / Armando A. Rodríguez Alfonso /

Sebastian Wiese / Daniel Sauter / Jan Münch / Christine Goffinet / Alberto Catanese / Michael Schön / Tobias M. Boeckers / Steffen Stenger / Kei Sato / Steffen Just / Alexander Kleger / Konstantin M. J. Sparrer / Frank Kirchhoff

Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 13

Abstract: IFITM proteins can inhibit several viruses, but effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood. Here, the authors show that endogenous IFITMs support SARS-CoV-2 infection in different in vitro models by binding spike and enhancing virus entry. ...

Abstract	IFITM proteins can inhibit several viruses, but effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood. Here, the authors show that endogenous IFITMs support SARS-CoV-2 infection in different in vitro models by binding spike and enhancing virus entry.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Guanylate-Binding Proteins 2 and 5 Exert Broad Antiviral Activity by Inhibiting Furin-Mediated Processing of Viral Envelope Proteins

Cell Reports, Vol 27, Iss 7, Pp 2092-2104.e

2019 Volume 10

Abstract: Summary: Guanylate-binding protein (GBP) 5 is an interferon (IFN)-inducible cellular factor reducing HIV-1 infectivity by an incompletely understood mechanism. Here, we show that this activity is shared by GBP2, but not by other members of the human GBP ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Guanylate-binding protein (GBP) 5 is an interferon (IFN)-inducible cellular factor reducing HIV-1 infectivity by an incompletely understood mechanism. Here, we show that this activity is shared by GBP2, but not by other members of the human GBP family. GBP2/5 decrease the activity of the cellular proprotein convertase furin, which mediates conversion of the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) precursor gp160 into mature gp120 and gp41. Because this process primes HIV-1 Env for membrane fusion, viral particles produced in the presence of GBP2/5 are poorly infectious due to increased incorporation of non-functional gp160. Furin activity is critical for the processing of envelope glycoproteins of many viral pathogens. Consistently, GBP2/5 also inhibit Zika, measles, and influenza A virus replication and decrease infectivity of viral particles carrying glycoproteins of Marburg and murine leukemia viruses. Collectively, our results show that GPB2/5 exert broad antiviral activity by suppressing the activity of the virus-dependency factor furin. : The cellular protease furin processes numerous substrates, including the envelope proteins of many viral pathogens. Here, Braun et al. show that guanylate-binding proteins 2 and 5 are interferon-inducible restriction factors that reduce virion infectivity by inhibiting furin activity and consequently maturation of viral envelope glycoproteins. Keywords: GBPs, restriction factor, furin, HIV, influenza A virus, measles virus, Zika virus, viral envelope proteins
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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