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  1. Article ; Online: Correlation of HER2 overexpression with gene amplification and its relation to chromosome 17 aneuploidy: a 5-year experience with invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas.

    Nassar, Aziza / Khoor, Andras / Radhakrishnan, Reshmitha / Radhakrishnan, Anu / Cohen, Cynthia

    International journal of clinical and experimental pathology

    2014  Volume 7, Issue 9, Page(s) 6254–6261

    Abstract: The HER2 oncogene shows expression or amplification, or both, in approximately 15% to 20% of breast cancers and has been associated with poor prognosis and a response to trastuzumab therapy. HER2 gene status determines the eligibility of breast cancer ... ...

    Abstract The HER2 oncogene shows expression or amplification, or both, in approximately 15% to 20% of breast cancers and has been associated with poor prognosis and a response to trastuzumab therapy. HER2 gene status determines the eligibility of breast cancer patients for trastuzumab therapy and a large fraction (41-56%) of these patients respond to targeted therapy. Several studies have related the increased expression of HER2 to an increased copy number of chromosome 17, rather than amplification of the HER2 gene. We compared the results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in both invasive ductal and invasive lobular carcinomas, to determine the frequency of chromosome 17 aneuploidy associated with discordant results. In total, 390 invasive ductal carcinomas and 180 invasive lobular carcinomas diagnosed from January 2000 to December 2005 were included in the study only if results were available for immunohistochemistry (HercepTest; DAKO, Carpinteria, California) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (PathVysion HER2 DNA Probe Kit; Abbott Laboratories, Des Plaines, Illinois). Tumors classified as invasive ductal carcinomas were graded according to the Bloom-Richardson grading system. Correlation between the results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed for all categories. Among invasive ductal carcinomas, 29% (115/390) showed chromosome 17 aneuploidy, mostly associated with grade 3/HER2 2+ (45%) or grade 2/HER2 3+ (55%) that were not amplified. Also, 34% (12/35) of invasive lobular carcinomas showed chromosome 17 aneuploidy; approximately one-third of these cases were HER2 2+ (33%) and HER2 3+ (37%) that were not amplified. Discordance between the results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in both ductal and lobular carcinomas is largely associated with chromosome 17 aneuploidy.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aneuploidy ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry ; Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics ; Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Phenotype ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor ; ERBB2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2418306-4
    ISSN 1936-2625 ; 1936-2625
    ISSN (online) 1936-2625
    ISSN 1936-2625
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: COX-2 expression in invasive breast cancer: correlation with prognostic parameters and outcome.

    Nassar, Aziza / Radhakrishnan, Anu / Cabrero, Isabel A / Cotsonis, George / Cohen, Cynthia

    Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM

    2007  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 255–259

    Abstract: Lipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX) are key mediators of arachidonic acid metabolism. Recently, studies have reported that human breast carcinomas aberrantly express LOX and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and that decreased levels of 15-lipoxygenase ...

    Abstract Lipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX) are key mediators of arachidonic acid metabolism. Recently, studies have reported that human breast carcinomas aberrantly express LOX and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and that decreased levels of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and raised levels of COX-2 and 12-LOX have prognostic value in patients with breast cancer. 15-LOX was significantly reduced with increasing stage, and in patients who developed metastatic disease, local recurrence, and/or died. With high COX-2, patients developed local recurrence, died from breast cancer and had reduced disease-free and disease-related overall survival in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative but not ER-positive disease. COX-2 expression is also associated with increased angiogenesis, lymph node metastasis, and Her2-neu overexpression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate COX-2 expression in breast cancer and to determine its correlation with prognostic parameters and outcome. Five tissue microarrays were constructed from 43 breast carcinomas and 5 normal breast tissues, represented by 1 mm cores in triplicate from each of 3 foci. Tissue microarray cores were immunostained with monoclonal COX-2. Expression was assessed as intensity and scored as percentage of cells positive. Prognostic parameters and follow-up information were obtained from the hospital records of Mexican Oncology Hospital, Mexico, where the carcinomas were diagnosed. Ninety-five percent (41/43) of the breast carcinomas showed cytoplasmic COX-2 expression. COX-2 intensity and percentage of cells positive correlated significantly with size of carcinoma (P=0.0271; P=0.0539, respectively). COX-2 intensity correlated significantly with histologic grade (P=0.0182). COX-2 did not correlate with outcome (disease-free and overall survival). There was no significant correlation between COX-2 and ER. In conclusion, COX-2 correlates with poor prognostic markers in breast cancer (large tumor size and high tumor grade), but not with outcome. The therapeutic value of COX-2 inhibitors in COX-2 positive breast cancer patients requires further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma/diagnosis ; Carcinoma/pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2/analysis ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prognosis
    Chemical Substances Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; PTGS2 protein, human (EC 1.14.99.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1541-2016
    ISSN 1541-2016
    DOI 10.1097/01.pai.0000213130.63417.b3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Dung removal increases under higher dung beetle functional diversity regardless of grazing intensification.

    Noriega, Jorge Ari / Hortal, Joaquín / deCastro-Arrazola, Indradatta / Alves-Martins, Fernanda / Ortega, Jean C G / Bini, Luis Mauricio / Andrew, Nigel R / Arellano, Lucrecia / Beynon, Sarah / Davis, Adrian L V / Favila, Mario E / Floate, Kevin D / Horgan, Finbarr G / Menéndez, Rosa / Milotic, Tanja / Nervo, Beatrice / Palestrini, Claudia / Rolando, Antonio / Scholtz, Clarke H /
    Senyüz, Yakup / Wassmer, Thomas / Ádam, Réka / Araújo, Cristina de O / Barragan-Ramírez, José Luis / Boros, Gergely / Camero-Rubio, Edgar / Cruz, Melvin / Cuesta, Eva / Damborsky, Miryam Pieri / Deschodt, Christian M / Rajan, Priyadarsanan Dharma / D'hondt, Bram / Díaz Rojas, Alfonso / Dindar, Kemal / Escobar, Federico / Espinoza, Verónica R / Ferrer-Paris, José Rafael / Gutiérrez Rojas, Pablo Enrique / Hemmings, Zac / Hernández, Benjamín / Hill, Sarah J / Hoffmann, Maurice / Jay-Robert, Pierre / Lewis, Kyle / Lewis, Megan / Lozano, Cecilia / Marín-Armijos, Diego / de Farias, Patrícia Menegaz / Murcia-Ordoñez, Betselene / Karimbumkara, Seena Narayanan / Navarrete-Heredia, José Luis / Ortega-Echeverría, Candelaria / Pablo-Cea, José D / Perrin, William / Pessoa, Marcelo Bruno / Radhakrishnan, Anu / Rahimi, Iraj / Raimundo, Amalia Teresa / Ramos, Diana Catalina / Rebolledo, Ramón E / Roggero, Angela / Sánchez-Mercado, Ada / Somay, László / Stadler, Jutta / Tahmasebi, Pejman / Triana Céspedes, José Darwin / Santos, Ana M C

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8070

    Abstract: Dung removal by macrofauna such as dung beetles is an important process for nutrient cycling in pasturelands. Intensification of farming practices generally reduces species and functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates, which may negatively ... ...

    Abstract Dung removal by macrofauna such as dung beetles is an important process for nutrient cycling in pasturelands. Intensification of farming practices generally reduces species and functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates, which may negatively affect ecosystem services. Here, we investigate the effects of cattle-grazing intensification on dung removal by dung beetles in field experiments replicated in 38 pastures around the world. Within each study site, we measured dung removal in pastures managed with low- and high-intensity regimes to assess between-regime differences in dung beetle diversity and dung removal, whilst also considering climate and regional variations. The impacts of intensification were heterogeneous, either diminishing or increasing dung beetle species richness, functional diversity, and dung removal rates. The effects of beetle diversity on dung removal were more variable across sites than within sites. Dung removal increased with species richness across sites, while functional diversity consistently enhanced dung removal within sites, independently of cattle grazing intensity or climate. Our findings indicate that, despite intensified cattle stocking rates, ecosystem services related to decomposition and nutrient cycling can be maintained when a functionally diverse dung beetle community inhabits the human-modified landscape.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Biodiversity ; Climate ; Coleoptera ; Ecosystem ; Farms ; Feces
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-43760-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Changes in gap junctional connexin isoforms during prostate cancer progression.

    Tate, Amanda W / Lung, Tina / Radhakrishnan, Anu / Lim, So Dug / Lin, Xi / Edlund, Magnus

    The Prostate

    2004  Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) 19–31

    Abstract: Background: Connexins have their traditional function as part of gap junction (GJ) structures, but have recently been shown to have GJ-independent roles. Although GJs and their connexin subunits are thought to be down-regulated in cancer, depending on ... ...

    Abstract Background: Connexins have their traditional function as part of gap junction (GJ) structures, but have recently been shown to have GJ-independent roles. Although GJs and their connexin subunits are thought to be down-regulated in cancer, depending on the connexin examined, many times the expression level is preserved or even increased. This is further apparent by the importance of GJs in "bystander effects" of radiation and viral targeting treatments.
    Methods: We surveyed connexin isoforms in prostate cancer cell lines and tissue with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Upon modulating GJ function, we observed prostate epithelial cell behaviors.
    Results: Advanced cells within PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer progression models exhibit elevated connexin 26 (Cx26) levels-a trend validated in clinical samples. When GJs were inhibited, adhesion was not affected, but invasion and migration were strikingly decreased. A link between the expression of Cx26 and integrin adhesion-linked functions are suggested by Cx26's direct interaction with focal adhesion kinase (FAK).
    Conclusions: These results suggest a novel mechanism for adhesion regulation by a GJ-independent Cx26 function that correlates with prostate disease progression. The increased Cx26 expression during prostate cancer progression plays a role in adhesion regulation possibly through its interaction with FAK.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Adhesion ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Connexins/genetics ; Connexins/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Gap Junctions/pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Chemical Substances Connexins ; GJB2 protein, human ; Protein Isoforms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-12-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604707-5
    ISSN 1097-0045 ; 0270-4137
    ISSN (online) 1097-0045
    ISSN 0270-4137
    DOI 10.1002/pros.20317
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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