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  1. Article: Need for a national oral cancer biobank for cutting-edge translational research in developing countries.

    Radhakrishnan, Raghu

    Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 296–299

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-17
    Publishing country India
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2390999-7
    ISSN 1998-393X ; 0973-029X
    ISSN (online) 1998-393X
    ISSN 0973-029X
    DOI 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_385_22
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  2. Article ; Online: Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis - Reassessing the biology of oral submucous fibrosis.

    Sharma, Mohit / Sarode, Sachin C / Sarode, Gargi / Radhakrishnan, Raghu

    Journal of oral biosciences

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a pathological condition characterized by excessive tissue healing resulting from physical, chemical, or mechanical trauma. Notably, areca nut consumption significantly contributes to the development of oral ... ...

    Abstract Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a pathological condition characterized by excessive tissue healing resulting from physical, chemical, or mechanical trauma. Notably, areca nut consumption significantly contributes to the development of oral fibrosis. The current definition of OSF, recognizing its potential for malignant transformation, necessitates a more comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology and etiology.
    Highlights: Areca nut induces fibrotic pathways by upregulating inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β and expressing additional cytokines. Moreover, it triggers the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, characterized by α-SMA and γSMA expression, resulting in accelerated collagen production. Arecoline, a component of areca nut, has been shown to elevate levels of reactive oxygen species, upregulate the expression of various cytokines, and activate specific signaling pathways (MEK, COX2, PI3K), all contributing to fibrosis. Therefore, we propose redefining OSF as "Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis" (AIOF) to align with current epistemology, emphasizing its distinctive association with areca nut consumption. The refined definition enhances our ability to develop targeted interventions, thus contributing to more effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral submucous fibrosis worldwide.
    Conclusion: Arecoline plays a crucial role as a mediator in fibrosis development, contributing to extracellular matrix accumulation in OSF. The re-evaluation of OSF as AIOF offers a more accurate representation of the condition. This nuanced perspective is essential for distinguishing AIOF from other forms of oral fibrosis and advancing our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-21
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2218267-6
    ISSN 1880-3865 ; 1349-0079
    ISSN (online) 1880-3865
    ISSN 1349-0079
    DOI 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.005
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  3. Article: The interplay of EMT and stemness driving malignant transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

    Shetty, Smitha Sammith / Sharma, Mohit / Padam, Kanaka Sai Ram / Kudva, Adarsh / Patel, Pratik / Radhakrishnan, Raghu

    Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 63–71

    Abstract: Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a persistent oral mucosal condition that carries an elevated risk of undergoing malignant transformation. Our objective was to elucidate the involvement of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSF ... ...

    Abstract Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a persistent oral mucosal condition that carries an elevated risk of undergoing malignant transformation. Our objective was to elucidate the involvement of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSF and its progression to malignancy by studying a panel of EMT markers, thereby understanding the molecular mechanisms.
    Methods: An immunohistochemical analysis was done to detect the presence of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, pan-cytokeratin (PanCK), vimentin, α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin), and CD44 in a total of 100 tissue samples. These samples comprised 40 cases of OSF, 20 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with OSF (OSFSCC), and 40 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A whole transcriptomic analysis was performed on a group of seven matched samples encompassing NOM, OSF, OSFSCC, and OSCC.
    Results: We observed significantly decreased expression of E-cadherin and PanCK, while N-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA, and CD44 showed significantly higher expression in OSFSCC and OSCC as compared to OSF, both at protein and RNA levels. CD44 expression was noticeably higher in OSFSCC (p < 0.001) than in OSCC.
    Conclusion: Downregulation of epithelial markers with concomitant upregulation of mesenchymal and stem cell markers suggests the potential role of EMT and stemness in accelerating the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OSF. The high levels of CD44 expression seen in OSFSCC indicate a high propensity for aggressiveness and acquisition of stem-like characteristics by the cells undergoing EMT.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2212-4268
    ISSN 2212-4268
    DOI 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.12.006
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  4. Article ; Online: Exploring the regulatory interactions between mutated genes and homeobox genes in the head and neck cancer progression.

    Padam, Kanaka Sai Ram / Chakrabarty, Sanjiban / Hunter, Keith D / Radhakrishnan, Raghu

    Archives of oral biology

    2023  Volume 159, Page(s) 105872

    Abstract: Objective: Understanding the regulatory role of homeobox (HOX) and mutated genes in the progression of head and neck cancers is essential, although their interaction remains elusive. This study aims to decipher the critical regulation of mutation driven ...

    Abstract Objective: Understanding the regulatory role of homeobox (HOX) and mutated genes in the progression of head and neck cancers is essential, although their interaction remains elusive. This study aims to decipher the critical regulation of mutation driven effects on homeobox genes to enhance our understanding of head and neck cancer progression.
    Methods: Genomic mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma were analyzed using VarScan2 for somatic variant detection. Mutational clustering, driver mutation identification, and cancer signaling pathway analysis were performed using the OncodriveCLUST method. Harmonizome datasets were retrieved to identify critical cancer driver genes affecting HOX genes. The effects of HPV infection on HOX and mutated genes were assessed using the oncoviral database. Altered pathway activity due to the effects of cancer drivers on HOX genes was analyzed with Gene Set Cancer Analysis. Functional enrichment analysis of gene ontology biological processes and molecular functions was conducted using the ClusterProfiler R package.
    Results: Significant alterations in HOX genes were observed in head and neck cancer cohorts with mutated TP53, FAT1, and CDKN2A. HOX genes were identified as functionally downstream targets of TP53, signifying transcriptionally mediated regulation. The interaction between HOX genes and mutated TP53, FAT1, and CDKN2A dysregulated the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle, and apoptosis pathways in head and neck cancer progression.
    Conclusion: The interplay between cancer driver genes and HOX genes is pivotal in regulating the oncogenic processes underlying the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics ; Mutation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80227-x
    ISSN 1879-1506 ; 0003-9969
    ISSN (online) 1879-1506
    ISSN 0003-9969
    DOI 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105872
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  5. Article: Evolution of biobanks and ethical governance for the emerging applications in biomedical research.

    Chandrashekar, Chetana / Shetty, Smitha S / Radhakrishnan, Raghu

    Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 433–439

    Abstract: The establishment of a biobank and effective utilization of the biological resources comes with lot of challenges which require operating processes and effective governance structure with public awareness. As biobank is an evolving field of data driven ... ...

    Abstract The establishment of a biobank and effective utilization of the biological resources comes with lot of challenges which require operating processes and effective governance structure with public awareness. As biobank is an evolving field of data driven health-care research, guided strategies in line with the national and international statutory body regulations is important. A trustworthy governance is paramount in developing a sustainable way of establishing, maintaining and successful functioning of a biobank. This paper highlights the structure of biobank governance, challenges and processes of effective integration of governance strategies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-22
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2390999-7
    ISSN 1998-393X ; 0973-029X
    ISSN (online) 1998-393X
    ISSN 0973-029X
    DOI 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_478_22
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  6. Article: MicroRNA's - The vibrant performers in the oral cancer scenario.

    Solomon, Monica Charlotte / Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal

    The Japanese dental science review

    2020  Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 85–89

    Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding (18-22 nucleotide) RNA molecules. These molecules regulate gene expression by either inhibiting mRNA translation or by degrading mRNA. A single miRNA can control the expression of target genes, and the ... ...

    Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding (18-22 nucleotide) RNA molecules. These molecules regulate gene expression by either inhibiting mRNA translation or by degrading mRNA. A single miRNA can control the expression of target genes, and the expression of a target gene can be regulated by multiple miRNAs. They are key regulators of various biological and pathological processes. These include cell proliferation, development and tumorigenesis. Novel studies have discovered definite signature miRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancers. Interestingly, miRNAs have also been found in fragile genomic sites that are associated with increased cancer risk. These micro RNAs regulate the expression of several genes that play a crucial role in the transition of normal oral mucosa through dysplasia to malignancy. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the current understanding of the many miRNAs that have been identified, the genes that they target and the role that they play in the carcinogenic pathway. The review also highlights the prospective role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of oral cancers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2439945-0
    ISSN 1882-7616
    ISSN 1882-7616
    DOI 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.04.001
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  7. Article ; Online: Novel Pathways and Mechanisms of Nicotine-Induced Oral Carcinogenesis.

    Sharma, Mohit / Shetty, Smitha S / Radhakrishnan, Raghu A

    Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 66–79

    Abstract: Background: Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) contains 9 times more nicotine than Smoked Tobacco (SMT). The carcinogenic effect of nicotine is intensified by converting nicotine-to-nicotine- derived Nitrosamines (NDNs).: Methods: A review of the literature was ...

    Abstract Background: Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) contains 9 times more nicotine than Smoked Tobacco (SMT). The carcinogenic effect of nicotine is intensified by converting nicotine-to-nicotine- derived Nitrosamines (NDNs).
    Methods: A review of the literature was conducted with a tailored search strategy to unravel the novel pathways and mechanisms of nicotine-induced oral carcinogenesis.
    Results: Nicotine and NDNs act on nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs) as agonists. Nicotine facilitates cravings through α4β2nAChR and α7nAChR,
    Conclusion: Protracted exposure to nicotine/NDN augments cancer-stimulatory α7nAChR and desensitizes cancer inhibitory α4β2nAChR. Since nAChRs dictate both addictive and carcinogenic effects of nicotine, it seems counterintuitive to designate nicotine just as an addictive agent devoid of any carcinogenicity.
    MeSH term(s) Carcinogenesis/chemically induced ; Humans ; Nicotine/toxicity ; Nitrosamines/toxicity ; Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
    Chemical Substances Nitrosamines ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-25
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2250820-X
    ISSN 2212-3970 ; 1574-8928
    ISSN (online) 2212-3970
    ISSN 1574-8928
    DOI 10.2174/1574892816666210806161312
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  8. Article ; Online: A two-way relationship between the head and neck cancer and esophageal cancer.

    Sharma, Mohit / Radhakrishnan, Raghu

    Oral oncology

    2019  Volume 97, Page(s) 139–140

    MeSH term(s) Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1120465-5
    ISSN 1879-0593 ; 0964-1955 ; 1368-8375
    ISSN (online) 1879-0593
    ISSN 0964-1955 ; 1368-8375
    DOI 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.08.013
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  9. Article ; Online: Revisiting and revising the definition of oral submucous fibrosis.

    Sharma, Mohit / Radhakrishnan, Raghu

    Oral oncology

    2019  Volume 92, Page(s) 94

    MeSH term(s) Disease Progression ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Oral Submucous Fibrosis/diagnosis ; Oral Submucous Fibrosis/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1120465-5
    ISSN 1879-0593 ; 0964-1955 ; 1368-8375
    ISSN (online) 1879-0593
    ISSN 0964-1955 ; 1368-8375
    DOI 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.03.004
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  10. Article ; Online: Nanoparticle-mediated active and passive drug targeting in oral squamous cell carcinoma: current trends and advances.

    Manikkath, Jyothsna / Manikkath, Aparna / Lad, Hitesh / Vora, Lalitkumar K / Mudgal, Jayesh / Shenoy, Rekha R / Ashili, Shashaanka / Radhakrishnan, Raghu

    Nanomedicine (London, England)

    2024  Volume 18, Issue 27, Page(s) 2061–2080

    Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an invasive and highly malignant cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. Existing treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation have poor overall survival rates and prognosis. The intended ... ...

    Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an invasive and highly malignant cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. Existing treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation have poor overall survival rates and prognosis. The intended therapeutic effects of chemotherapy are limited by drug resistance, systemic toxicity and adverse effects. This review explores advances in OSCC treatment, with a focus on lipid-based platforms (solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, lipid-polymer hybrids, cubosomes), polymeric nanoparticles, self-assembling nucleoside nanoparticles, dendrimers, magnetic nanovectors, graphene oxide nanostructures, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, gene therapy, folic acid receptor targeting, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor targeting, fibroblast activation protein targeting, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor targeting, biotin receptor targeting and transferrin receptor targeting. This review also highlights oncolytic viruses as OSCC therapy candidates.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy ; Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/drug therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lipids/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2277839-1
    ISSN 1748-6963 ; 1743-5889
    ISSN (online) 1748-6963
    ISSN 1743-5889
    DOI 10.2217/nnm-2023-0247
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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