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  1. AU="Raffaele Galiero"
  2. AU=Hruskova Z
  3. AU="Ayers, J"
  4. AU="Cohen, A D"
  5. AU="Brunetti, Gian Luca"
  6. AU=Andrade Daniel
  7. AU=Hay William W Jr

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  1. Artikel ; Online: Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke. A Review on the Use of Vitamin K Antagonists and Novel Oral Anticoagulants

    Alfredo Caturano / Raffaele Galiero / Pia Clara Pafundi

    Medicina, Vol 55, Iss 10, p

    2019  Band 617

    Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, ranging from 0.1% in patients ... 9% in octogenarian patients. One important issue is represented by the 5-fold increased ischemic stroke risk in AF patients. Hence, the role of ... ...

    Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, ranging from 0.1% in patients <55 years to >9% in octogenarian patients. One important issue is represented by the 5-fold increased ischemic stroke risk in AF patients. Hence, the role of anticoagulation is central. Until a few years ago, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and low molecular weight heparin represented the only option to prevent thromboembolisms, though with risks. Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have radically changed the management of AF patients, improving both life expectancy and life quality. This review aims to summarize the most recent literature on the use of VKAs and NOACs in AF, in light of the new findings.
    Schlagwörter NOACs ; non vitamin K oral anticoagulants ; atrial fibrillation ; stroke ; oral anticoagulation ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: HCC and Molecular Targeting Therapies

    Luca Rinaldi / Erica Vetrano / Barbara Rinaldi / Raffaele Galiero / Alfredo Caturano / Teresa Salvatore / Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

    Biomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1345, p

    Back to the Future

    2021  Band 1345

    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the world. Recently, the effectiveness of new antiviral therapies and the HBV vaccine have reduced HCC’s incidence, while non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis is an emerging ... ...

    Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the world. Recently, the effectiveness of new antiviral therapies and the HBV vaccine have reduced HCC’s incidence, while non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis is an emerging risk factor. This review focuses on antiangiogenic molecules and immune checkpoint inhibitors approved for HCC treatment and possible future approaches. Sorafenib was the first drug approved for the treatment of advanced HCC (aHCC) and it has been shown to increase survival by a few months. Lenvatinib, a multikinase inhibitor, has shown non-inferiority in survival compared with sorafenib and an improvement in progression-free survival (PFS). The combination of atezolizumab (an anti-PDL1 antibody) and bevacizumab (an anti-VEGF antibody) was the first drug combination approved for HCC, demonstrating improved survival compared with sorafenib (19.2 vs. 13.4 months). As a second line of therapy, three regimens (regorafenib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab) have been approved for the treatment of aHCC after progression on sorafenib according to guidelines. Furthermore, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab plus ipilimumab have been approved by the FDA (2017, 2018, and 2020, respectively). Finally, immune target therapy, cancer vaccines, and epigenetic drugs represent three new possible weapons for the treatment of HCC.
    Schlagwörter liver ; HCC ; drugs ; trials ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 616
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: An Overview of the Cardiorenal Protective Mechanisms of SGLT2 Inhibitors

    Teresa Salvatore / Raffaele Galiero / Alfredo Caturano / Luca Rinaldi / Anna Di Martino / Gaetana Albanese / Jessica Di Salvo / Raffaella Epifani / Raffaele Marfella / Giovanni Docimo / Miriam Lettieri / Celestino Sardu / Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 3651, p

    2022  Band 3651

    Abstract: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule, an insulin-independent mechanism that plays a critical role in glycemic regulation in diabetes. In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, ... ...

    Abstract Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule, an insulin-independent mechanism that plays a critical role in glycemic regulation in diabetes. In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, SGLT2 inhibitors prevent both renal damage and the onset of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular events, in particular heart failure with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction. These unexpected benefits prompted changes in treatment guidelines and scientific interest in the underlying mechanisms. Aside from the target effects of SGLT2 inhibition, a wide spectrum of beneficial actions is described for the kidney and the heart, even though the cardiac tissue does not express SGLT2 channels. Correction of cardiorenal risk factors, metabolic adjustments ameliorating myocardial substrate utilization, and optimization of ventricular loading conditions through effects on diuresis, natriuresis, and vascular function appear to be the main underlying mechanisms for the observed cardiorenal protection. Additional clinical advantages associated with using SGLT2 inhibitors are antifibrotic effects due to correction of inflammation and oxidative stress, modulation of mitochondrial function, and autophagy. Much research is required to understand the numerous and complex pathways involved in SGLT2 inhibition. This review summarizes the current known mechanisms of SGLT2-mediated cardiorenal protection.
    Schlagwörter type 2 diabetes mellitus ; gliflozins ; cardiovascular disease ; diabetic kidney disease ; cardiorenal protection ; cardiorenal syndrome ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: The Role of Neuropathy Screening Tools in Patients Affected by Fibromyalgia

    Raffaele Galiero / Teresa Salvatore / Roberta Ferrara / Francesco Masini / Alfredo Caturano / Giovanni Docimo / Margherita Borrelli / Luca Rinaldi / Giovanna Cuomo / Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1533, p

    2022  Band 1533

    Abstract: Fibromyalgia syndrome (sFM) is one of the most common causes of chronic pain. This study aimed to assess the presence of small and large fiber impairment in fibromyalgic patients by applying validated scores used in the screening for diabetic neuropathy. ...

    Abstract Fibromyalgia syndrome (sFM) is one of the most common causes of chronic pain. This study aimed to assess the presence of small and large fiber impairment in fibromyalgic patients by applying validated scores used in the screening for diabetic neuropathy. The endpoints for the study were the assessment of neuropathy prevalence in sFM patients using the NerveCheck Master (NCM), the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS) and the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4). The sample was composed of 46 subjects: subjects with sFM ( n = 23) and healthy controls (HC) ( n = 23). The positivity rates in each group for DN4 were significantly different ( p < 0.001), with a prevalence in symptomatic subjects of 56.3% ( n = 9) among sFM individuals. A similar difference was also observed with the DNS total score ( p < 0.001). NCM and MNSI did not disclose significant differences between the two groups. This finding seems to confirm the data regarding the prevalence of a neuropathic pain in sFM patients.
    Schlagwörter fibromyalgia ; small fiber neuropathy ; screening ; pain ; Medicine ; R
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Current Knowledge on the Pathophysiology of Lean/Normal-Weight Type 2 Diabetes

    Teresa Salvatore / Raffaele Galiero / Alfredo Caturano / Luca Rinaldi / Livio Criscuolo / Anna Di Martino / Gaetana Albanese / Erica Vetrano / Christian Catalini / Celestino Sardu / Giovanni Docimo / Raffaele Marfella / Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 1, p

    2022  Band 658

    Abstract: Since early times, being overweight and obesity have been associated with impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, a less frequent adult-onset diabetes in low body mass index (BMI) people has been known for many decades. This ... ...

    Abstract Since early times, being overweight and obesity have been associated with impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, a less frequent adult-onset diabetes in low body mass index (BMI) people has been known for many decades. This form is mainly found in developing countries, whereby the largest increase in diabetes incidence is expected in coming years. The number of non-obese patients with T2D is also on the rise among non-white ethnic minorities living in high-income Western countries due to growing migratory flows. A great deal of energy has been spent on understanding the mechanisms that bind obesity to T2D. Conversely, the pathophysiologic features and factors driving the risk of T2D development in non-obese people are still much debated. To reduce the global burden of diabetes, we need to understand why not all obese people develop T2D and not all those with T2D are obese. Moreover, through both an effective prevention and the implementation of an individualized clinical management in all people with diabetes, it is hoped that this will help to reduce this global burden. The purpose of this review is to take stock of current knowledge about the pathophysiology of diabetes not associated to obesity and to highlight which aspects are worthy of future studies.
    Schlagwörter type 2 diabetes mellitus ; normal-weight ; pathophysiology ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Heart Failure

    Giuseppe Palmiero / Arturo Cesaro / Erica Vetrano / Pia Clara Pafundi / Raffaele Galiero / Alfredo Caturano / Elisabetta Moscarella / Felice Gragnano / Teresa Salvatore / Luca Rinaldi / Paolo Calabrò / Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 5863, p

    From Pathophysiology to Clinical Effects

    2021  Band 5863

    Abstract: Heart failure (HF) affects up to over 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), even more in the elderly. Although, in T2DM, both hyperglycemia and the proinflammatory status induced by insulin resistance are crucial in cardiac function impairment, ... ...

    Abstract Heart failure (HF) affects up to over 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), even more in the elderly. Although, in T2DM, both hyperglycemia and the proinflammatory status induced by insulin resistance are crucial in cardiac function impairment, SGLT2i cardioprotective mechanisms against HF are several. In particular, these beneficial effects seem attributable to the significant reduction of intracellular sodium levels, well-known to exert a cardioprotective role in the prevention of oxidative stress and consequent cardiomyocyte death. From a molecular perspective, patients’ exposure to gliflozins’ treatment mimics nutrient and oxygen deprivation, with consequent autophagy stimulation. This allows to maintain the cellular homeostasis through different degradative pathways. Thus, since their introduction in the clinical practice, the hypotheses on SGLT2i mechanisms of action have changed: from simple glycosuric drugs, with consequent glucose lowering, erythropoiesis enhancing and ketogenesis stimulating, to intracellular sodium-lowering molecules. This provides their consequent cardioprotective effect, which justifies its significant reduction in CV events, especially in populations at higher risk. Finally, the updated clinical evidence of SGLT2i benefits on HF was summarized. Thus, this review aimed to analyze the cardioprotective mechanisms of sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with HF, as well as their clinical impact on cardiovascular events.
    Schlagwörter SGLT2 inhibitors ; heart failure ; pathophysiology ; type 2 diabetes ; cardiovascular risk ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Can Metformin Exert as an Active Drug on Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Subjects?

    Teresa Salvatore / Pia Clara Pafundi / Raffaele Galiero / Luca Rinaldi / Alfredo Caturano / Erica Vetrano / Concetta Aprea / Gaetana Albanese / Anna Di Martino / Carmen Ricozzi / Simona Imbriani / Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

    Biomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 3, p

    2021  Band 3

    Abstract: Cardiovascular mortality is a major cause of death among in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a well-known important risk factor for the development of diabetes cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the prevention of diabetic ... ...

    Abstract Cardiovascular mortality is a major cause of death among in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a well-known important risk factor for the development of diabetes cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the prevention of diabetic macroangiopathies by preserving endothelial function represents a major therapeutic concern for all National Health Systems. Several complex mechanisms support ED in diabetic patients, frequently cross-talking each other: uncoupling of eNOS with impaired endothelium-dependent vascular response, increased ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of polyol pathway, generation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), activation of protein kinase C (PKC), endothelial inflammation, endothelial apoptosis and senescence, and dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). Metformin is a milestone in T2DM treatment. To date, according to most recent EASD/ADA guidelines, it still represents the first-choice drug in these patients. Intriguingly, several extraglycemic effects of metformin have been recently observed, among which large preclinical and clinical evidence support metformin’s efficacy against ED in T2DM. Metformin seems effective thanks to its favorable action on all the aforementioned pathophysiological ED mechanisms. AMPK pharmacological activation plays a key role, with metformin inhibiting inflammation and improving ED. Therefore, aim of this review is to assess metformin’s beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction in T2DM, which could preempt development of atherosclerosis.
    Schlagwörter metformin ; endothelial dysfunction ; diabetes ; CV risk ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 616
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Cardiovascular Benefits from Gliflozins

    Teresa Salvatore / Alfredo Caturano / Raffaele Galiero / Anna Di Martino / Gaetana Albanese / Erica Vetrano / Celestino Sardu / Raffaele Marfella / Luca Rinaldi / Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

    Biomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1356, p

    Effects on Endothelial Function

    2021  Band 1356

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a known independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and solid epidemiological evidence points to heart failure (HF) as one of the most common complications of diabetes. For this reason, it ... ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a known independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and solid epidemiological evidence points to heart failure (HF) as one of the most common complications of diabetes. For this reason, it is imperative to consider the prevention of CV outcomes as an effective goal for the management of diabetic patients, as important as lowering blood glucose. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early event of atherosclerosis involving adhesion molecules, chemokines, and leucocytes to enhance low-density lipoprotein oxidation, platelet activation, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. This abnormal vascular phenotype represents an important risk factor for the genesis of any complication of diabetes, contributing to the pathogenesis of not only macrovascular disease but also microvascular damage. Gliflozins are a novel class of anti-hyperglycemic agents used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that selectively inhibit the sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys and have provoked large interest in scientific community due to their cardiovascular beneficial effects, whose underlying pathophysiology is still not fully understood. This review aimed to analyze the cardiovascular protective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition in patients T2DM and their impact on endothelial function.
    Schlagwörter endothelial dysfunction ; gliflozins ; cardiovascular diseases ; heart prevention ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 616
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: The Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

    Teresa Salvatore / Pia Clara Pafundi / Raffaele Galiero / Gaetana Albanese / Anna Di Martino / Alfredo Caturano / Erica Vetrano / Luca Rinaldi / Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

    Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

    The Contributing Pathophysiological Mechanisms

    2021  Band 8

    Abstract: Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) disclose a higher incidence and a poorer prognosis of heart failure (HF) than non-diabetic people, even in the absence of other HF risk factors. The adverse impact of diabetes on HF likely reflects an underlying “ ... ...

    Abstract Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) disclose a higher incidence and a poorer prognosis of heart failure (HF) than non-diabetic people, even in the absence of other HF risk factors. The adverse impact of diabetes on HF likely reflects an underlying “diabetic cardiomyopathy” (DM–CMP), which may by exacerbated by left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery disease (CAD). The pathogenesis of DM-CMP has been a hot topic of research since its first description and is still under active investigation, as a complex interplay among multiple mechanisms may play a role at systemic, myocardial, and cellular/molecular levels. Among these, metabolic abnormalities such as lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, oxidative stress, abnormal calcium signaling, inflammation, epigenetic factors, and others. These disturbances predispose the diabetic heart to extracellular remodeling and hypertrophy, thus leading to left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction. This Review aims to outline the major pathophysiological changes and the underlying mechanisms leading to myocardial remodeling and cardiac functional derangement in DM-CMP.
    Schlagwörter diabetes mellitus ; cardiomyopathy ; heart failure ; pathophysiology ; insulin resistance ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Frontiers Media S.A.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

    Alfredo Caturano / Carlo Acierno / Riccardo Nevola / Pia Clara Pafundi / Raffaele Galiero / Luca Rinaldi / Teresa Salvatore / Luigi Elio Adinolfi / Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

    Processes, Vol 9, Iss 1, p

    From Pathogenesis to Clinical Impact

    2021  Band 135

    Abstract: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is caused by the accumulation of fat in over 5% of hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol consumption. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). Recently, an expert consensus ... ...

    Abstract Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is caused by the accumulation of fat in over 5% of hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol consumption. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). Recently, an expert consensus suggested as more appropriate the term MAFLD (metabolic-associated fatty liver disease). Insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in the development of NAFLD, as it causes an increase in hepatic lipogenesis and an inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis. Beyond the imbalance of adipokine levels, the increase in the mass of visceral adipose tissue also determines an increase in free fatty acid (FFA) levels. In turn, an excess of FFA is able to determine IR through the inhibition of the post-receptor insulin signal. Adipocytes secrete chemokines, which are able to enroll macrophages inside the adipose tissue, responsible, in turn, for the increased levels of TNF-α. The latter, as well as resistin and other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, enhances insulin resistance and correlates with endothelial dysfunction and an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. In this review, the role of diet, intestinal microbiota, genetic and epigenetic factors, low-degree chronic systemic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress on NAFLD have been addressed. Finally, the clinical impact of NAFLD on cardiovascular and renal outcomes, and its direct link with type 2 diabetes have been discussed.
    Schlagwörter NAFLD ; insulin resistance ; metabolic syndrome ; cytokines ; CV risk ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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