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Article ; Online: Adverse Childhood Event Scores Associated With Likelihood of Missing Appointments and Unsuppressed HIV in a Southeastern U.S. Urban Clinic Sample.

Campbell, Kari / Raffanti, Stephen P / Nash, Robertson

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC

2019 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 605–606

MeSH term(s)	Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Appointments and Schedules ; HIV Infections/psychology ; HIV Infections/therapy ; Humans ; Southeastern United States ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1159376-3
ISSN	1552-6917 ; 1055-3290
ISSN (online)	1552-6917
ISSN	1055-3290
DOI	10.1097/JNC.0000000000000117
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Article ; Online: Time's up.

Raffanti, Stephen

Annals of internal medicine

2006 Volume 145, Issue 1, Page(s) 73–74

MeSH term(s)	Anecdotes as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Managed Care Programs/legislation & jurisprudence ; Managed Care Programs/standards ; Medicaid/legislation & jurisprudence ; Medicaid/standards ; Medically Uninsured/legislation & jurisprudence ; Medically Uninsured/psychology ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Tennessee
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-06-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	336-0
ISSN	1539-3704 ; 0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
ISSN	0003-4819
DOI	10.7326/0003-4819-145-1-200607040-00013
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Ua VI Zs.178/2: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Surgical excision for recurrent herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) anogenital infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Arinze, Folasade / Shaver, Aaron / Raffanti, Stephen

Infection

2017 Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 705–707

Abstract: Recurrent anogenital herpes simplex virus infections are common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), of whom approximately 5% develop resistance to acyclovir. We present a case of a 49-year-old man with HIV who had an 8-year history of ... ...

Abstract	Recurrent anogenital herpes simplex virus infections are common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), of whom approximately 5% develop resistance to acyclovir. We present a case of a 49-year-old man with HIV who had an 8-year history of recurrent left inguinal herpes simplex virus type 2 ulcerations. He initially responded to oral acyclovir, but developed resistance to acyclovir and eventually foscarnet. The lesion progressed to a large hypertrophic mass that required surgical excision, which led to resolution without recurrences. Our case highlights the importance of surgical excision as a treatment option in refractory herpes simplex virus anogenital infections.
MeSH term(s)	Acyclovir/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Foscarnet/pharmacology ; HIV Infections/complications ; Herpes Genitalis/diagnosis ; Herpes Genitalis/drug therapy ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Foscarnet (364P9RVW4X) ; Acyclovir (X4HES1O11F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	185104-4
ISSN	1439-0973 ; 0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
ISSN (online)	1439-0973
ISSN	0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
DOI	10.1007/s15010-017-1027-y
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Zs.A 881: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Sex and Race Disparities in Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among People With HIV: A 21-Year Observational Cohort Study.

Pellegrino, Rachael A / Rebeiro, Peter F / Turner, Megan / Davidson, Amber / Best, Noelle / Shaffernocker, Chandler / Kheshti, Asghar / Kelly, Sean / Raffanti, Stephen / Sterling, Timothy R / Castilho, Jessica L

Open forum infectious diseases

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) ofac678

Abstract: Background: Since the availability of antiretroviral therapy, mortality rates among people with HIV (PWH) have decreased; however, this does not quantify premature deaths among PWH, and disparities persist.: Methods: We examined all-cause and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Since the availability of antiretroviral therapy, mortality rates among people with HIV (PWH) have decreased; however, this does not quantify premature deaths among PWH, and disparities persist. Methods: We examined all-cause and premature mortality among PWH receiving care at the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic from January 1998 to December 2018. Mortality rates were compared by demographic and clinical factors, and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression. For individuals who died, age-adjusted years of potential life lost (aYPLL) per total person-years living with HIV were calculated from US sex-specific life tables, and sex and race differences were examined using multivariable linear regression. Results: Among 6531 individuals (51% non-Hispanic [NH] White race, 40% NH Black race, 21% cis-gender women, 78% cis-gender men) included, 956 (14.6%) died. In adjusted analysis, PWH alive in the most recent calendar era (2014-2018) had decreased risk of mortality compared with those in the earliest calendar era (1998-2003; aIRR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.17-0.29), and women had increased risk of death compared with men (aIRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.12-1.54). Of those who died, Black women had the highest aYPLL (aIRR, 592.5; 95% CI, 588.4-596.6), followed by Black men (aIRR, 470.7; 95% CI, 468.4-472.9), White women (aIRR, 411.5; 95% CI, 405.6-417.4), then White men (aIRR, 308.6; 95% CI, 308.0-309.2). In adjusted models, higher YPLL remained associated with NH Black race and cis-gender women, regardless of HIV risk factor. Conclusions: Despite marked improvement over time, sex disparities in mortality as well as sex and race disparities in YPLL remained among PWH in this cohort.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2757767-3
ISSN	2328-8957
ISSN	2328-8957
DOI	10.1093/ofid/ofac678
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Article ; Online: Practice Transformation in HIV Primary Care: Perspectives of Coaches and Champions in the Southeast United States.

Kay, Emma Sophia / Batey, David Scott / Craft, Hannah L / McCormick, Lisa C / Burkholder, Greer A / Burdge, Jennifer / Raffanti, Stephen P / Mugavero, Michael J / Fifolt, Matthew

Journal of primary care & community health

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 2150132720984429

Abstract: Introduction/objectives: Across the United States, and particularly in the South, there is an urgent need to improve health outcomes for people with HIV. In response, the Southeast AIDS Education & Training Center (AETC) conducted a 4-year Practice ... ...

Abstract	Introduction/objectives: Across the United States, and particularly in the South, there is an urgent need to improve health outcomes for people with HIV. In response, the Southeast AIDS Education & Training Center (AETC) conducted a 4-year Practice Transformation (PT) initiative (2015-2018) in 12 mostly primary care clinics across 4 states in the region. Drawing on the leadership of PT facilitators ("coaches") from AETC partner sites throughout the region and specific clinic staff members ("champions"), clinics worked toward self-selected organizational goals to increase their HIV care capacity and improve HIV health outcomes. Methods: To explore coaches' and champions' experiences and perspectives of PT, we conducted 2 focus group sessions, 1 tailored for coaches (n = 5) and another for champions (n = 9). Results: Content analysis of qualitative data revealed 4 major themes around coaches' and champions' experiences and perspectives of PT. These themes include Challenges, Facilitators, Successes, and Suggestions for PT Improvement. Conclusion: Primary care and infectious diseases/HIV clinics can help improve HIV Care Continuum outcomes through increasing their capacity to serve the needs of their clients, as facilitated through coaches and clinic champions. Since no single clinic or clinic patient population is alike, it is important work within organizations to address specific needs and leverage unique skillsets. Future PT initiatives can learn from experiences of this PT program to optimize the effectiveness of their programs.
MeSH term(s)	Continuity of Patient Care ; Focus Groups ; HIV Infections/therapy ; Humans ; Organizational Objectives ; Primary Health Care ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2550221-9
ISSN	2150-1327 ; 2150-1319
ISSN (online)	2150-1327
ISSN	2150-1319
DOI	10.1177/2150132720984429
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Article ; Online: Greater Weight Gain in Treatment-naive Persons Starting Dolutegravir-based Antiretroviral Therapy.

Bourgi, Kassem / Rebeiro, Peter F / Turner, Megan / Castilho, Jessica L / Hulgan, Todd / Raffanti, Stephen P / Koethe, John R / Sterling, Timothy R

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2019 Volume 70, Issue 7, Page(s) 1267–1274

Abstract: Background: Recent studies have reported weight gain in virologically suppressed persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) switched from older antiretroviral therapy (ART) to newer integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens. ...

Abstract	Background: Recent studies have reported weight gain in virologically suppressed persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) switched from older antiretroviral therapy (ART) to newer integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens. In this study, we investigated whether weight gain differs among treatment-naive PLWH starting INSTI-based regimens compared to other ART regimens. Methods: Adult, treatment-naive PLWH in the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic cohort initiating INSTI-, protease inhibitor (PI)-, and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based ART between January 2007 and June 2016 were included. We used multivariable linear mixed-effects models to generate marginal predictions of weights over time, adjusting for baseline clinical and demographic characteristics. We used restricted cubic splines to relax linearity assumptions and bootstrapping to generate 95% confidence intervals. Results: Among 1152 ART-naive PLWH, 351 initiated INSTI-based regimens (135 dolutegravir, 153 elvitegravir, and 63 raltegravir), 86% were male, and 49% were white. At ART initiation, median age was 35 years, body mass index was 25.1 kg/m2, and CD4+ T-cell count was 318 cells/μL. Virologic suppression at 18 months was similar between different ART classes. At all examined study time points, weight gain was highest among PLWH starting dolutegravir. At 18 months, PLWH on dolutegravir gained 6.0 kg, compared to 2.6 kg for NNRTIs (P < .05), and 0.5 kg for elvitegravir (P < .05). PLWH starting dolutegravir also gained more weight at 18 months compared to raltegravir (3.4 kg) and PIs (4.1 kg), though these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Treatment-naive PLWH starting dolutegravir-based regimens gained significantly more weight at 18 months than those starting NNRTI-based and elvitegravir-based regimens.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Oxazines ; Piperazines ; Pyridones ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Weight Gain
Chemical Substances	HIV Integrase Inhibitors ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ; Oxazines ; Piperazines ; Pyridones ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; dolutegravir (DKO1W9H7M1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciz407
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Zs.A 1505: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 480: Show issues

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Article ; Online: CD4/CD8 Ratio and CD4 Nadir Predict Mortality Following Noncommunicable Disease Diagnosis in Adults Living with HIV.

Castilho, Jessica L / Turner, Megan / Shepherd, Bryan E / Koethe, John R / Furukawa, Sally S / Bofill, Carmen E / Raffanti, Stephen / Sterling, Timothy R

AIDS research and human retroviruses

2019 Volume 35, Issue 10, Page(s) 960–967

Abstract: Incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cirrhosis, and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs), have been associated with HIV viremia, CD4 cell counts, and CD4/CD8 ratio in persons living with HIV (PLWH). This ... ...

Abstract	Incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cirrhosis, and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs), have been associated with HIV viremia, CD4 cell counts, and CD4/CD8 ratio in persons living with HIV (PLWH). This study examined the importance of these markers to mortality risk following NCD diagnosis. We examined factors associated with mortality following incident CVD, cirrhosis, or NADCs in a clinical cohort of PLWH between 1998 and 2015. We calculated Kaplan-Meier estimates and used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. We included 341 patients with NCDs (CVD = 169, cancer = 103, and cirrhosis = 67), of whom 129 died. Median age at NCD diagnosis was 49 years and median proportion of time before NCD with virologic suppression was 64%. Median survival after CVD was longer than for cancer or cirrhosis (11.6 years vs. 4.8 and 3.4 years, respectively; log rank test
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Cardiovascular Diseases/immunology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Cause of Death ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/mortality ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Liver Cirrhosis/immunology ; Liver Cirrhosis/mortality ; Lymphopenia/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Neoplasms/mortality ; Proportional Hazards Models ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639130-8
ISSN	1931-8405 ; 0889-2229
ISSN (online)	1931-8405
ISSN	0889-2229
DOI	10.1089/AID.2019.0064
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Article ; Online: Risk Prediction Tool for Medical Appointment Attendance Among HIV-Infected Persons with Unsuppressed Viremia.

Woodward, Beverly / Person, Anna / Rebeiro, Peter / Kheshti, Asghar / Raffanti, Stephen / Pettit, April

AIDS patient care and STDs

2015 Volume 29, Issue 5, Page(s) 240–247

Abstract: Successful treatment of HIV infection requires regular clinical follow-up. A previously published risk-prediction tool (RPT) utilizing data from the electronic health record (EHR) including medication adherence, previous appointment attendance, substance ...

Abstract	Successful treatment of HIV infection requires regular clinical follow-up. A previously published risk-prediction tool (RPT) utilizing data from the electronic health record (EHR) including medication adherence, previous appointment attendance, substance abuse, recent CD4+ count, prior antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure, prior treatment failure, and recent HIV-1 viral load (VL) has been shown to predict virologic failure at 1 year. If this same tool could be used to predict the more immediate event of appointment attendance, high-risk patients could be identified and interventions could be targeted to improve this outcome. We conducted an observational cohort study at the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic from August 2013 through March 2014. Patients with routine medical appointments and most recent HIV-1 VL >200 copies/mL were included. Risk scores for a modified RPT were calculated based on data from the EHR. Odds ratios (OR) for missing the next appointment were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Among 510 persons included, median age was 39 years, 74% were male, 55% were black, median CD4+ count was 327 cells/mm(3) [Interquartile Range (IQR): 142-560], and median HIV-1 VL was 21,818 copies/mL (IQR: 2,030-69,597). Medium [OR 3.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.08-7.50, p-value<0.01] and high (OR 9.55, 95% CI 4.31-21.16, p-value<0.01) vs. low RPT risk scores were independently associated with missing the next appointment. RPT scores, constructed using readily available data, allow for risk-stratification of HIV medical appointment non-attendance and could support targeting limited resources to improve appointment adherence in groups most at-risk of poor HIV outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage ; Appointments and Schedules ; Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/drug effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk ; Treatment Failure ; Viral Load ; Viremia/drug therapy ; Viremia/physiopathology
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1326868-5
ISSN	1557-7449 ; 0893-5068 ; 1087-2914
ISSN (online)	1557-7449
ISSN	0893-5068 ; 1087-2914
DOI	10.1089/apc.2014.0334
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Article ; Online: Trends in HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes over Ten Years of Follow-Up at a Large HIV Primary Medical Home in the Southeastern United States.

Ghiam, Michael K / Rebeiro, Peter F / Turner, Megan / Rogers, William B / Bebawy, Sally S / Raffanti, Stephen P / Person, Anna K / Pettit, April C

AIDS research and human retroviruses

2017 Volume 33, Issue 10, Page(s) 1027–1034

Abstract: Longitudinal studies of retention in care (RIC) and viral suppression (VS) in the southeastern United States (US), a region disproportionately affected by HIV infection, are lacking. HIV-infected adults with ≥1 medical visit at the Vanderbilt ... ...

Abstract	Longitudinal studies of retention in care (RIC) and viral suppression (VS) in the southeastern United States (US), a region disproportionately affected by HIV infection, are lacking. HIV-infected adults with ≥1 medical visit at the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic (Nashville, Tennessee) from 2004 to 2013 were included. RIC was ≥2 (a) laboratory dates [CD4+ counts or HIV-1 viral loads (VLs)] or (b) provider encounters and/or laboratory dates in the year of interest, ≥90 days apart. VS was a VL of <200 copies/ml at last measurement in the year of interest. Modified Poisson regression estimated relative risk (RR) of RIC and VS, adjusting for age, race, sex, HIV transmission risk, and socioeconomic status (SES). Among 4,641 persons, 76.8% achieved RIC and 70.2% achieved VS. RIC and VS increased from 2004 to 2013 (p < .001 each). For lack of RIC, younger patients (RR = 1.2 and RR = 1.1, 18-24 and 25-34 vs. 35-44 year-olds, respectively), Blacks (RR = 1.3 vs. Whites), and injection drug users (IDUs) (RR = 1.2 vs. heterosexual contact [Hetero]) fared worse (p < .05 each); those with male-to-male sexual contact fared better (RR = 0.8 vs. Hetero, p < .05). For lack of VS, younger patients (RR = 1.3 and RR = 1.2, 18-24 and 25-34 vs. 35-44 year olds, respectively), Blacks (RR 1.3 vs. Whites), Females (RR = 1.1 vs. Males), IDUs (RR 1.3 vs. Hetero), and those with low SES (RR = 1.1 vs. not low SES) fared worse (p < .05, each). RIC and VS increased over time, suggesting that efforts to improve outcomes have been effective. However, disparities persist and resources should focus on groups most at risk.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Continuity of Patient Care/trends ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/transmission ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/drug effects ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data ; Patient-Centered Care/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sexual Behavior ; Southeastern United States ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	639130-8
ISSN	1931-8405 ; 0889-2229
ISSN (online)	1931-8405
ISSN	0889-2229
DOI	10.1089/AID.2017.0016
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Article ; Online: CD4+/CD8+ ratio, age, and risk of serious noncommunicable diseases in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy.

Castilho, Jessica L / Shepherd, Bryan E / Koethe, John / Turner, Megan / Bebawy, Sally / Logan, James / Rogers, William B / Raffanti, Stephen / Sterling, Timothy R

AIDS (London, England)

2016 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 899–908

Abstract: Objective: In virologically suppressed HIV-infected adults, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been associated with immune senescence and low CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio. Age differences in the relationship between CD4/CD8 ratio and NCDs have not been ... ...

Abstract	Objective: In virologically suppressed HIV-infected adults, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been associated with immune senescence and low CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio. Age differences in the relationship between CD4/CD8 ratio and NCDs have not been described. Design: Observational cohort study. Methods: We assessed CD4/CD8 ratio and incident NCDs (cardiovascular, cancer, liver, and renal diseases) in HIV-infected adults started on antiretroviral therapy between 1998 and 2012. Study inclusion began once patients maintained virologic suppression for 12 months (defined as baseline). We examined age and baseline CD4/CD8 ratio and used Cox proportional hazard models to assess baseline CD4/CD8 ratio and NCDs. Results: This study included 2006 patients. Low baseline CD4/CD8 ratio was associated with older age, male sex, and low CD4 lymphocyte counts. In models adjusting for CD4 lymphocyte count, CD4/CD8 ratio was inversely associated with age (P < 0.01). Among all patients, 182 had incident NCDs, including 46 with coronary artery disease (CAD) events. CD4/CD8 ratio was inversely associated with risk of CAD events [adjusted HR per 0.1 increase in CD4/CD8 ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-0.99, P = 0.03]. This association was driven by those under age 50 years (adjusted HR 0.83 [0.70-0.97], P = 0.02) vs. those over age 50 years (adjusted HR = 0.96 [0.79-1.18], P = 0.71). CD4/CD8 ratio was not significantly associated with incident noncardiac NCDs. Conclusions: Higher CD4/CD8 ratio after 1 year of HIV virologic suppression was independently predictive of decreased CAD risk, particularly among younger adults. Advanced immune senescence may contribute to CAD events in younger HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Factors ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/epidemiology ; Liver Diseases/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment
Chemical Substances	Anti-Retroviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639076-6
ISSN	1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
ISSN (online)	1473-5571
ISSN	0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
DOI	10.1097/QAD.0000000000001005
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