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  1. Article ; Online: Outbreak of COVID-19 and interventions in a large jail - Cook County, IL, United States, 2020.

    Zawitz, Chad / Welbel, Sharon / Ghinai, Isaac / Mennella, Connie / Levin, Rebecca / Samala, Usha / Smith, Michelle Bryant / Gubser, Jane / Jones, Bridgette / Varela, Kate / Kirbiyik, Uzay / Rafinski, Josh / Fitzgerald, Anne / Orris, Peter / Bahls, Alex / Black, Stephanie R / Binder, Alison M / Armstrong, Paige A

    American journal of infection control

    2021  Volume 49, Issue 9, Page(s) 1129–1135

    Abstract: Background: Correctional and detention facilities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to shared space, contact between staff and detained persons, and movement within facilities. On March 18, 2020, Cook County Jail, one of the United States' ...

    Abstract Background: Correctional and detention facilities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to shared space, contact between staff and detained persons, and movement within facilities. On March 18, 2020, Cook County Jail, one of the United States' largest, identified its first suspected case of COVID-19 in a detained person.
    Methods: This analysis includes SARS-CoV-2 cases confirmed by molecular detection among detained persons and Cook County Sheriff's Office staff. We examined occurrence of symptomatic cases in each building and proportions of asymptomatic detained persons testing positive, and timing of interventions including social distancing, mask use, and expanded testing and show outbreak trajectory in the jail compared to case counts in Chicago.
    Results: During March 1-April 30, 907 symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected among detained persons (n = 628) and staff (n = 279). Among asymptomatic detained persons in quarantine, 23.6% tested positive. Programmatic activity and visitation stopped March 9, cells were converted into single occupancy beginning March 26, and universal masking was implemented for staff (April 2) and detained persons (April 13). Cases at the jail declined while cases in Chicago increased.
    Discussion/conclusions: Aggressive intervention strategies coupled with widespread diagnostic testing of detained and staff populations can limit introduction and mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in correctional and detention facilities.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Illinois/epidemiology ; Jails ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392362-9
    ISSN 1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
    ISSN (online) 1527-3296
    ISSN 0196-6553
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.03.020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Network Characteristics and Visualization of COVID-19 Outbreak in a Large Detention Facility in the United States - Cook County, Illinois, 2020.

    Kırbıyık, Uzay / Binder, Alison M / Ghinai, Isaac / Zawitz, Chad / Levin, Rebecca / Samala, Usha / Smith, Michelle Bryant / Gubser, Jane / Jones, Bridgette / Varela, Kate / Rafinski, Josh / Fitzgerald, Anne / Orris, Peter / Bahls, Alex / Welbel, Sharon / Mennella, Connie / Black, Stephanie R / Armstrong, Paige A

    MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

    2020  Volume 69, Issue 44, Page(s) 1625–1630

    Abstract: Correctional and detention facilities have been disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of shared space and movement of staff members and detained persons within facilities (1,2). During March 1-April 30, 2020, at Cook ... ...

    Abstract Correctional and detention facilities have been disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of shared space and movement of staff members and detained persons within facilities (1,2). During March 1-April 30, 2020, at Cook County Jail in Chicago, Illinois, >900 COVID-19 cases were diagnosed across all 10 housing divisions, representing 13 unique buildings.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Contact Tracing ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Data Visualization ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Illinois/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Prisons ; Social Networking
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 412775-4
    ISSN 1545-861X ; 0149-2195
    ISSN (online) 1545-861X
    ISSN 0149-2195
    DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6944a3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Monkeypox Case Investigation - Cook County Jail, Chicago, Illinois, July-August 2022.

    Hagan, Liesl M / Beeson, Amy / Hughes, Sarah / Hassan, Rashida / Tietje, Lauren / Meehan, Ashley A / Spencer, Hillary / Turner, Janice / Richardson, Morgan / Howard, Jourdan / Schultz, Anne / Ali, Salma / Butler, Margaret Mary / Arce Garza, Diana / Morgan, Clint N / Kling, Chantal / Baird, Nicolle / Townsend, Michael B / Carson, William C /
    Lowe, David / Wynn, Nhien T / Black, Stephanie R / Kerins, Janna L / Rafinski, Josh / Defuniak, Andrew / Auguston, Priscilla / Mosites, Emily / Ghinai, Isaac / Zawitz, Chad

    MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

    2022  Volume 71, Issue 40, Page(s) 1271–1277

    Abstract: Knowledge about monkeypox transmission risk in congregate settings is limited. In July 2022, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) confirmed a case of monkeypox in a person detained in Cook County Jail (CCJ) in Chicago, Illinois. This case was ... ...

    Abstract Knowledge about monkeypox transmission risk in congregate settings is limited. In July 2022, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) confirmed a case of monkeypox in a person detained in Cook County Jail (CCJ) in Chicago, Illinois. This case was the first identified in a correctional setting in the United States and reported to CDC during the 2022 multinational monkeypox outbreak. CDPH collaborated with CCJ, the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH), and CDC to evaluate transmission risk within the facility. Fifty-seven residents were classified as having intermediate-risk exposures to the patient with monkeypox during the 7-day interval between the patient's symptom onset and his isolation. (Intermediate-risk exposure was defined as potentially being within 6 ft of the patient with monkeypox for a total of ≥3 hours cumulatively, without wearing a surgical mask or respirator, or potentially having contact between their own intact skin or clothing and the skin lesions or body fluids from the patient or with materials that were in contact with the patient's skin lesions or body fluids.) No secondary cases were identified among a subset of 62% of these potentially exposed residents who received symptom monitoring, serologic testing, or both. Thirteen residents accepted postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), with higher acceptance among those who were offered counseling individually or in small groups than among those who were offered PEP together in a large group. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA, but no viable virus, was detected on one surface in a dormitory where the patient had been housed with other residents before he was isolated. Although monkeypox transmission might be limited in similar congregate settings in the absence of higher-risk exposures, congregate facilities should maintain recommended infection control practices in response to monkeypox cases, including placing the person with monkeypox in medical isolation and promptly and thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting spaces where the person has spent time. In addition, officials should provide information to residents and staff members about monkeypox symptoms and transmission modes, facilitate confidential monkeypox risk and symptom disclosure and prompt medical evaluation for symptoms that are reported, and provide PEP counseling in a private setting.
    MeSH term(s) Chicago/epidemiology ; DNA ; Humans ; Illinois/epidemiology ; Jails ; Male ; Mpox (monkeypox)/diagnosis ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; United States
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 412775-4
    ISSN 1545-861X ; 0149-2195
    ISSN (online) 1545-861X
    ISSN 0149-2195
    DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm7140e2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Outbreak of COVID-19 and Interventions in One of the Largest Jails in the United States: Cook County, IL, 2020

    Zawitz, Chad / Welbel, Sharon / Ghinai, Isaac / Mennella, Connie / Levin, Rebecca / Samala, Usha / Bryant Smith, Michelle / Gubser, Jane / Jones, Bridgette / Varela, Kate / Kirbiyik, Uzay / Rafinski, Josh / Fitzgerald, Anne / Orris, Peter / Bahls, Alex / Black, Stephanie R / Binder, Alison M / Armstrong, Paige A

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Background: Correctional and detention facilities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to shared space, contact between staff and detained persons, and movement within facilities of detained persons, many with pre-existing medical conditions. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Correctional and detention facilities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to shared space, contact between staff and detained persons, and movement within facilities of detained persons, many with pre-existing medical conditions. On March 18, 2020, Cook County Jail, one of the United States9 largest, identified its first suspected case of COVID-19 in a detained person. Methods: This analysis includes SARS-CoV-2 cases confirmed by molecular detection among detained persons and Cook County Sheriff9s Office staff. We examined occurrence of symptomatic cases in each building and proportions of asymptomatic detained persons testing positive. We describe timing of interventions including social distancing, mask use, and expanded testing and show outbreak trajectory in the jail versus contemporaneous case counts in Chicago. Results: During March 1-April 30, 907 symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected among detained persons (n = 628) and staff (n = 279), with nine deaths. Symptomatic cases occurred in all housing divisions; in 9/13 buildings, staff cases occurred first. Among asymptomatic detained persons in quarantine, 23.6% tested positive. Programmatic activity and visitation stopped March 9, cells were converted into single occupancy beginning March 26, and universal masking was implemented for staff (April 2) and detained persons (April 13). Cases at the jail declined while cases in Chicago increased. Conclusion: Aggressive intervention strategies coupled with widespread diagnostic testing of detained and staff populations can limit introduction and mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in correctional and detention facilities.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-14
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.07.12.20148494
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article: Network Characteristics and Visualization of COVID-19 Outbreak in a Large Detention Facility in the United States - Cook County, Illinois, 2020

    Kirbiyik, Uzay / Binder, Alison M / Ghinai, Isaac / Zawitz, Chad / Levin, Rebecca / Samala, Usha / Smith, Michelle Bryant / Gubser, Jane / Jones, Bridgette / Varela, Kate / Rafinski, Josh / Fitzgerald, Anne / Orris, Peter / Bahls, Alex / Welbel, Sharon / Mennella, Connie / Black, Stephanie R / Armstrong, Paige A

    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep

    Abstract: Correctional and detention facilities have been disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of shared space and movement of staff members and detained persons within facilities (1,2). During March 1-April 30, 2020, at Cook ... ...

    Abstract Correctional and detention facilities have been disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of shared space and movement of staff members and detained persons within facilities (1,2). During March 1-April 30, 2020, at Cook County Jail in Chicago, Illinois, >900 COVID-19 cases were diagnosed across all 10 housing divisions, representing 13 unique buildings.† Movement within the jail was examined through network analyses and visualization, a field that examines elements within a network and the connections between them. This methodology has been used to supplement contact tracing investigations for tuberculosis and to understand how social networks contribute to transmission of sexually transmitted infections (3-5). Movements and connections of 5,884 persons (3,843 [65%] detained persons and 2,041 [35%] staff members) at the jail during March 1-April 30 were analyzed. A total of 472 (12.3%) COVID-19 cases were identified among detained persons and 198 (9.7%) among staff members. Among 103,701 shared-shift connections among staff members, 1.4% occurred between persons with COVID-19, a percentage that is significantly higher than the expected 0.9% by random occurrence alone (p<0.001), suggesting that additional transmission occurred within this group. The observed connections among detained persons with COVID-19 were significantly lower than expected (1.0% versus 1.1%, p<0.001) when considering only the housing units in which initial transmission occurred, suggesting that the systematic isolation of persons with COVID-19 is effective at limiting transmission. A network-informed approach can identify likely points of high transmission, allowing for interventions to reduce transmission targeted at these groups or locations, such as by reducing convening of staff members, closing breakrooms, and cessation of contact sports.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #914857
    Database COVID19

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