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Article: Impact of throughfall deposition and its runoff through different land use surfaces on the chemistry of Ganga water, Varanasi

Pandey, Richa / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh

Limnology. 2022 Jan., v. 23, no. 1

2022

Abstract: The study was conducted to understand the influence of interactions of atmospheric deposition with different land use surfaces and change in water chemistry of river Ganga through changes in runoff water quality. Four different land use surfaces in the ... ...

Abstract	The study was conducted to understand the influence of interactions of atmospheric deposition with different land use surfaces and change in water chemistry of river Ganga through changes in runoff water quality. Four different land use surfaces in the catchment of the river Ganga, namely cemented, open fallow land, woodland and grassland were selected for data comparison. The results indicated that although some woody perennials showed throughfall enrichment in response to atmospheric deposition, catchment vegetation invariably reduced the runoff flushing of heavy metals and nutrient ions to the Ganga river. Grassland absorbed the metals 1.5–2.2 times more effectively than other land use surfaces and the same was observed 2.0–2.5 times more effective for nutrients. In the present study, DOC input through runoff varied with site and land use ‘type’, for metal and nutrient ions. The trend of DOC was almost opposite as it was for metals and nutrients with respect to site and land use pattern. The lowest DOC was recorded at Rajghat downstream site for cemented land use (1.900 mg/L) in the first runoff. The concentration of DOC increased in rest of the runoff. This has relevance as far as carbon capture, storage, and transport to riverine systems is concerned. It is suggested that extensive plantation in the river catchment would be an effective approach for reducing runoff fluxes of toxic metals and nutrient ions to the Ganga river coming from atmospheric sources. It will slow down the process of eutrophication and direct contamination with toxic metals. This management process will be highly effective for the sustainability of the dying river Ganga.
Keywords	atmospheric deposition ; carbon ; eutrophication ; grasslands ; hydrochemistry ; land use ; limnology ; riparian areas ; rivers ; runoff ; throughfall ; toxicity ; water quality ; watersheds ; woodlands
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 111-125.
Publishing place	Springer Singapore
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2016197-9
ISSN	1439-863X ; 1439-8621
ISSN (online)	1439-863X
ISSN	1439-8621
DOI	10.1007/s10201-021-00672-0
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Article: Variations in the plasticity of functional traits indicate the differential impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on the structure and growth of trees in tropical dry forest fragments.

Chaturvedi, Ravi Kant / Pandey, Santosh Kumar / Tripathi, Anshuman / Goparaju, Laxmi / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh / Singh, J S

Frontiers in plant science

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1181293

Abstract: Abiotic and biotic factors have considerable impact on the plasticity of plant functional traits, which influences forest structure and productivity; however, their inter-relationships have not been quantified for fragmented tropical dry forest (TDF) ... ...

Abstract	Abiotic and biotic factors have considerable impact on the plasticity of plant functional traits, which influences forest structure and productivity; however, their inter-relationships have not been quantified for fragmented tropical dry forest (TDF) ecosystems. We asked the following questions: (1) what are the variations in the plasticity of functional traits due to soil moisture availability in TDF fragments? (2) what are the roles of soil nutrients and forest disturbances in influencing variations in the plasticity of functional traits in the TDF fragments? and (3) how do the variations in the plasticity of functional traits influence the structure and productivity of TDF fragments? Based on linear mixed-effects results, we observed significant variations among tree species for soil moisture content (SMC) under the canopy and selected functional traits across forest fragments. We categorized tree species across fragments by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) analyses into three functional types,
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2023.1181293
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Article ; Online: Effect of rainfall variability on tree phenology in moist tropical deciduous forests.

Verma, Pramit / Tiwari, Priyanshi / Singh, Rishikesh / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh

Environmental monitoring and assessment

2022 Volume 194, Issue 8, Page(s) 537

Abstract: Plants in their life cycle go through a series of life processes. These phenological changes are influenced by different climatic conditions. Abiotic factors like temperature, precipitation, and photoperiodism affect the onset and offset of particular ... ...

Abstract	Plants in their life cycle go through a series of life processes. These phenological changes are influenced by different climatic conditions. Abiotic factors like temperature, precipitation, and photoperiodism affect the onset and offset of particular phenophase in the plant periodic cycle. In this study, we tested the influence of precipitation on the forest phenology at two sites of Dudhwa National Park (DNP), Uttar Pradesh and Simlipal National Park (SNP), Odisha, India. DNP and SNP receive an annual average rainfall of 1093.5 mm and 1500 mm, respectively, of which most rainfall (~ 90%) occurs during June-September. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was measured for 2 years 2015 and 2018, with 2015 being a drought year and 2018 being a normal rainfall year. NDVI was analyzed at different temporal scales of months, season, and years using the t test (Welch's two-tailed) and General Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). Effect of drought (2015) and normal (2018) rainfall year was not significant at both the sites, whereas season, yearseason interaction, seasonrainfall interaction, and yearseasonrainfall interaction were found significant at DNP (P < 0.05, ICC = 0.68, marginal R
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Forests ; Seasons ; Trees
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-022-10220-7
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Article ; Online: Effect of rainfall variability on tree phenology in moist tropical deciduous forests

Verma, Pramit / Tiwari, Priyanshi / Singh, Rishikesh / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh

Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Aug., v. 194, no. 8 p.537-537

2022

Abstract	Plants in their life cycle go through a series of life processes. These phenological changes are influenced by different climatic conditions. Abiotic factors like temperature, precipitation, and photoperiodism affect the onset and offset of particular phenophase in the plant periodic cycle. In this study, we tested the influence of precipitation on the forest phenology at two sites of Dudhwa National Park (DNP), Uttar Pradesh and Simlipal National Park (SNP), Odisha, India. DNP and SNP receive an annual average rainfall of 1093.5 mm and 1500 mm, respectively, of which most rainfall (~ 90%) occurs during June–September. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was measured for 2 years 2015 and 2018, with 2015 being a drought year and 2018 being a normal rainfall year. NDVI was analyzed at different temporal scales of months, season, and years using the t test (Welch’s two-tailed) and General Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). Effect of drought (2015) and normal (2018) rainfall year was not significant at both the sites, whereas season, yearseason interaction, seasonrainfall interaction, and yearseasonrainfall interaction were found significant at DNP (P < 0.05, ICC = 0.68, marginal R² = 0.81; conditional R² = 0.94). At SNP, rainfall, year, season, and their interaction were non-significant, whereas several months showed a significant effect on the NDVI values for both sites. Winter and monsoon season in DNP, and post-monsoon season in SNP, showed a significant effect on the NDVI patterns. Thus, the effect of precipitation stress in the deciduous forests was evident at small intervals of observation. Tree phenology compensated for differences when observed from a higher temporal scale of a year. There existed a mechanism in trees to tide over adverse conditions and maintain the phenology over longer intervals of time. The resilience and vulnerability of such forest ecosystems against abiotic factors and extreme events would be instrumental in climate change adaptation strategies. Tree phenology can be used as an indicator of forest health and resilience.
Keywords	climate change ; drought ; forest health ; forests ; monsoon season ; national parks ; normalized difference vegetation index ; phenology ; photoperiodism ; rain ; statistical models ; t-test ; temperature ; temporal variation ; trees ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Size	p. 537.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-022-10220-7
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Article: Monsoon-phase regulates the decoupling of auto- and heterotrophic respiration by mediating soil nutrient availability and root biomass in tropical grassland

Kumari, Tanu / Singh, Rishikesh / Verma, Pramit / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh

Catena. 2022 Feb., v. 209

2022

Abstract: Soil respiration is considered as one of the most sensitive parameters regulated by the interplay of different soil biophysical parameters, ground cover and climatic conditions. As per the global predictions, monsoon variability in South Asian countries ... ...

Abstract	Soil respiration is considered as one of the most sensitive parameters regulated by the interplay of different soil biophysical parameters, ground cover and climatic conditions. As per the global predictions, monsoon variability in South Asian countries can affect various soil processes. However, studies exploring the interactive role of vegetation and precipitation conditions on soil respiration and its components (viz., auto- and heterotrophic) are lacking. A mini-trenching method was performed to explore the alterations in auto- and heterotrophic components of soil respiration as well as their regulatory variables in grassland vegetation under different summer monsoonal phases. Three vegetation densities (viz. low, medium and high) based on herbaceous cover, and three monsoon phases (viz. onset, active and end) of the tropical summer monsoon were considered. The findings revealed that heterotrophic respiration was the major contributor to the total soil respiration under medium- and high-density vegetation with percent contribution of 62–80% and 53–88% respectively. Contrastingly, autotrophic respiration was the major contributor (54–56%) to soil respiration in low-density vegetation during active- and monsoon-end phases. Amongst the three monsoon phases, variation in soil respiration components was most pronounced during the active-monsoon phase. Structural Equation Modelling results revealed microbial biomass and root biomass as key regulators of auto- and heterotrophic respiration. Remarkably, a partitioning of root biomass parallel to the soil respiration was observed during monsoon-end phase where coarse root biomass and fine root biomass emerged as regulators of auto- and heterotrophic respiration, respectively. Moreover, for monsoon-onset and -end phases, a completely different set of variables involved in regulation of soil respiration components were identified. Our results revealed that the monsoon-phase mediates the root and nutrient dynamics which led to the differential decoupling of the components of soil respiration. Thus, inclusion of (below)-ground cover and monsoon-phase wise variation in soil biophysical parameters in the global biogeochemical models would be more helpful for better prediction of carbon balance in different ecosystems.
Keywords	carbon ; catenas ; equations ; fine roots ; grasslands ; microbial biomass ; monsoon season ; nutrient availability ; prediction ; soil ; soil nutrients ; soil respiration ; summer
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	519608-5
ISSN	1872-6887 ; 0008-7769 ; 0341-8162
ISSN (online)	1872-6887 ; 0008-7769
ISSN	0341-8162
DOI	10.1016/j.catena.2021.105808
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Article ; Online: Spatio-temporal variability in soil CO

Upadhyay, Shweta / Singh, Rishikesh / Verma, Pramit / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh

Journal of environmental management

2021 Volume 295, Page(s) 113141

Abstract: Urban ecosystems, the heterogeneous and rapidly changing landscape, showed a considerable impact on the global C cycle. However, studies encompassing the spatial differences in urban land uses on soil C dynamics are limited in tropical ecosystems. In ... ...

Abstract	Urban ecosystems, the heterogeneous and rapidly changing landscape, showed a considerable impact on the global C cycle. However, studies encompassing the spatial differences in urban land uses on soil C dynamics are limited in tropical ecosystems. In this study, seasonal and temporal variability in soil CO
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture ; Biomass ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Soil
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113141
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Article: Spatio-temporal variability in soil CO2 efflux and regulatory physicochemical parameters from the tropical urban natural and anthropogenic land use classes

Upadhyay, Shweta / Singh, Rishikesh / Verma, Pramit / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh

Journal of environmental management. 2021 Oct. 01, v. 295

2021

Abstract	Urban ecosystems, the heterogeneous and rapidly changing landscape, showed a considerable impact on the global C cycle. However, studies encompassing the spatial differences in urban land uses on soil C dynamics are limited in tropical ecosystems. In this study, seasonal and temporal variability in soil CO₂ efflux (SCE) and its regulatory physicochemical variables under five urban land use classes viz., Bare (BAR), Agriculture (AGR), Plantation (PLT), Grassland (GRA) and Lawns (LAW) were assessed from 2014 to 2016. Bare land use was considered as the reference for observing the variation for different land uses. Seasonal measurements of SCE, soil temperature, moisture content, pH, ammonium-N, nitrate-N and microbial biomass C (MBC) were performed whereas soil organic C (SOC), soil N, and soil physical properties were measured annually. Our results showed a significant (P < 0.01) increase in SCE by 89%, 117%, 132% and 166% for land use types from BAR to AGR, PLT, GRA and LAW, respectively. The results revealed a two-fold increase in SCE from anthropogenically managed urban lawns as compared to bare soil. PLT and LAW land use classes showed higher SOC and N contents. SCE was found positively correlated with temperature, moisture, SOC, soil N and MBC whereas negatively correlated with ammonium-N and nitrate-N (at P < 0.05) for the overall dataset. Soil moisture, temperature, SOC, porosity and pH were identified as the major determinant of urban SCE by explaining 63% of the variability in overall SCE. Further, temperature for BAR and LAW; moisture for PLT; ammonium-N for GRA; and nitrate-N for AGR were identified as the major regulators of SCE for different land use classes. The findings revealed that the interaction of soil temperature and moisture with nutrient availability regulates overall and seasonal variability in SCE in an urban ecosystem. Since these variables are highly affected by climate change, thus, the soil C source-sink relationships in tropical urban ecosystems may further change and induce a positive global warming potential from urban ecosystems.
Keywords	ammonium nitrogen ; carbon dioxide ; climate change ; data collection ; grasslands ; land use ; landscapes ; microbial biomass ; nitrate nitrogen ; nutrient availability ; pH ; porosity ; seasonal variation ; soil organic carbon ; soil temperature ; soil water ; urban areas ; water content
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1001
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113141
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Article: Temporal change in soil physicochemical, microbial, aggregate and available C characteristic in dry tropical ecosystem

Srivastava, Pratap / Singh, Rishikesh / Bhadouria, Rahul / Tripathi, Sachchidanand / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh

Catena. 2020 July, v. 190

2020

Abstract: The holistic understanding of soil C dynamics with age of organic amendment is limited in dry tropical ecosystems, which may act as potential C sink if managed properly. Therefore, we studied soil physicochemical, microbial, aggregate and available C ... ...

Abstract	The holistic understanding of soil C dynamics with age of organic amendment is limited in dry tropical ecosystems, which may act as potential C sink if managed properly. Therefore, we studied soil physicochemical, microbial, aggregate and available C characteristic with age organic amendment across the season for mechanistic understanding of soil C accumulation. Organic systems under 1, 3, 5 and 10 years under organic amendment were selected along with a forest system as reference for this purpose. We observed that soil organic C and CO2 efflux (SCE) increased significantly after ten years of organic amendment (though with no change in SCE on unit C basis), and approached closer to reference forest site. Soil fine particles, moisture content, ammonium-N, ammonium-N/nitrate-N ratio (ANR), microbial biomass C, N and C/N, crude dehydrogenase, glucosidase and phosphomonoesterase activity, macro- and mesoaggregate, mean weight diameter, macroaggregate water stability, and total and labile C concentration and carbon management index across aggregate fractions significantly increased with age. However, soil nitrate-N, C/N ratio, water soluble C, specific glucosidase and phosphomonoesterase activity, microaggregate and mineral fraction decreased. The seasonality of total and labile C concentration and stock differed distinctly across aggregate size fraction, which showed its linkage with microbial and plant C input dynamics. Though, total and labile C stock increased across aggregate fractions with age, it shifted towards macro-and mesoaggregate, opposite to smaller size fractions. Macro-aggregate stability along with macro-aggregate labile C, dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass C/N and mesoaggregate C majorly determined the SOC. However, specific glucosidase activity along with mesoaggregate, ammonium/nitrate ratio and microbial biomass majorly governed the SCE. The study indicates that macro-aggregate characteristic (including mesoaggregate) play a crucial role in soil C accumulation in dry tropical ecosystem under organic amendment, with microbial community characteristics and ANR. Moreover, the study indicates towards key role of macro-mesoaggregate equilibrium and inorganic N dynamics in the soil C dynamics of the studied ecosystems, in which seasonality and C input play a crucial role.
Keywords	ammonium ; ammonium nitrogen ; carbon dioxide ; carbon nitrogen ratio ; carbon sinks ; ecosystems ; enzyme activity ; enzymes ; forests ; microbial biomass ; microbial communities ; nitrate nitrogen ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; soil ; soil organic carbon ; temporal variation ; water content ; water solubility
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	519608-5
ISSN	1872-6887 ; 0008-7769 ; 0341-8162
ISSN (online)	1872-6887 ; 0008-7769
ISSN	0341-8162
DOI	10.1016/j.catena.2020.104553
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Article: Effects of grass competition on tree seedlings growth under different light and nutrient availability conditions in tropical dry forests in India

Bhadouria, Rahul / Srivastava, Pratap / Singh, Rishikesh / Tripathi, Sachchidanand / Verma, Pramit / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh

Ecological research. 2020 Sept., v. 35, no. 5

2020

Abstract: The interactive effects of light, nutrient availability and grass competition on seedlings of four tropical dry forest tree species, namely, Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana), arjun (Terminalia arjuna), gum arabic (Acacia nilotica) and catechu (Acacia ... ...

Abstract	The interactive effects of light, nutrient availability and grass competition on seedlings of four tropical dry forest tree species, namely, Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana), arjun (Terminalia arjuna), gum arabic (Acacia nilotica) and catechu (Acacia catechu), were evaluated in an experimental study at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Full‐ and reduced‐ (20% of the full) sunlight, no‐nutrient and nutrient supplementation, and presence of grass and no‐grass conditions were taken in a split‐plot design to observe the effects on the plant growth and leaf nutrient parameters. We observed a significant interaction between light and nutrient availability on total dry weight and relative growth rate for the tree seedlings of all the species. Seedling growth was lower in presence of grass under full sunlight condition with/without nutrient addition, and also under reduced sunlight condition with nutrient addition. However, leaf‐N and ‐P concentration showed slight increase following nutrient addition across the species and light conditions. All the species responded positively to nutrient addition irrespective of light and grass conditions. Our study further indicates that nutrient addition under reduced light condition in tropical dry forests may be a possible strategy to ameliorate the negative impact of grasses on tree seedling growth. Overall, a better understanding of tree seedling establishment in the presence of grasses is of utmost importance for the development of management plans that may improve the diversity of tree species in tropical dry forests.
Keywords	Acacia catechu ; Terminalia arjuna ; Vachellia nilotica ; Ziziphus mauritiana ; experimental design ; forest trees ; grasses ; gum arabic ; nutrient availability ; plant establishment ; research ; seedling growth ; solar radiation ; tropical dry forests ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-09
Size	p. 807-818.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	233459-8
ISSN	1440-1703 ; 0912-3814
ISSN (online)	1440-1703
ISSN	0912-3814
DOI	10.1111/1440-1703.12131
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Article: Impact of rice-husk ash on the soil biophysical and agronomic parameters of wheat crop under a dry tropical ecosystem

Singh, Rishikesh / Srivastava, Pratap / Singh, Pardeep / Sharma, Archana Kumari / Singh, Hema / Raghubanshi, Akhilesh Singh

Ecological indicators. 2019 Oct., v. 105

2019

Abstract: Several alternative amendments like organic manure and biochar have been proposed for revitalizing the degrading soil viability and fertility for sustainable agriculture, globally. However, detailed field-scale studies focussing on the soil and agronomic ...

Abstract	Several alternative amendments like organic manure and biochar have been proposed for revitalizing the degrading soil viability and fertility for sustainable agriculture, globally. However, detailed field-scale studies focussing on the soil and agronomic parameters of crops under these amendments are limited in dry tropical ecosystems. Therefore, we studied the impact of various soil amendments viz., rice-husk ash (RHA) and farm-yard manure (FYM) along with mineral fertilizer on soil biophysical and agronomic parameters of wheat crop. We specifically explored the impact of the amendments on soil CO2 efflux (SCE, under different growth stages) and the harvest index of wheat crop, which are considered as the key indicators of soil viability and agronomic efficiency, respectively. SCE, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil N, microbial biomass and soil pH were found significantly varying under different treatments (P < 0.05). SCE was found maximum under sole FYM applied and minimum under mineral fertilizer applied treatments, whereas RHA application lowered the SCE as compared to sole FYM application. Moreover, SCE showed variation with plant growth stages, and found maximum during stem elongation followed by heading stage whereas minimum during ripening stage. Soil moisture was found to have considerable regulation for the overall variation in SCE (r2 = 0.17; P = 0.04). In contrast to the soil properties, agronomic parameters (except harvest index) were found higher under mineral fertilizer applied treatments followed by sole FYM and combined FYM + RHA treatments, whereas sole RHA applied treatment showed minimum values. However, significant variations were observed only for harvest index, aboveground dry matter, grain and straw yields (P < 0.05). Further, harvest index was found highest under sole and combined FYM and RHA applied treatments whereas lowest in mineral fertilizer applied treatments. Soil C/N ratio (r2 = 0.16; P = 0.04) and panicle length (r2 = 0.18; P = 0.03), respectively as soil and agronomic parameters, have been found to have considerable control over harvest index. The findings revealed that soil viability is higher under sole FYM and combined FYM + RHA treatments whereas mineral fertilization enhances agronomic performance. Based on the studied two indicators, we conclude that both soil and agronomic sustainability can be maintained by using a combination of organic (FYM and RHA) fertilization with reduced inputs from mineral fertilizers. However, it further needs exploration for various soil and plant eco-physiological parameters of different crops at field level for wider adaptation in the dry tropical region.
Keywords	agronomic traits ; animal manures ; biochar ; carbon dioxide ; carbon nitrogen ratio ; crops ; developmental stages ; ecophysiology ; ecosystems ; environmental indicators ; fertilizer application ; harvest index ; microbial biomass ; mineral fertilizers ; panicles ; rice hulls ; ripening ; soil amendments ; soil carbon ; soil pH ; soil temperature ; soil water ; stem elongation ; straw ; sustainable agriculture ; tropics ; viability ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-10
Size	p. 505-515.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2036774-0
ISSN	1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
ISSN (online)	1872-7034
ISSN	1470-160X
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.04.043
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