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  1. Article ; Online: Effects of Erythrocytapheresis Procedures on Delayed Bone Marrow Conversion in Sickle Cell Disease.

    Popham, Emily / Moeller, Karen / Raj, Ashok

    Clinical hematology international

    2022  

    Abstract: The imaging appearances of the skeletal system have been well documented in sickle cell disease (SCD) but there is limited information about the impact of SCD treatments on skeletal abnormalities. We present two patients with SCD maintained on long-term ... ...

    Abstract The imaging appearances of the skeletal system have been well documented in sickle cell disease (SCD) but there is limited information about the impact of SCD treatments on skeletal abnormalities. We present two patients with SCD maintained on long-term erythrocytapheresis and the changes to their skeletal abnormalities on neuroimaging with this treatment. We observed a reversal of the bone marrow conversion process and the skull appearance was age appropriate without any radiographic findings of iron overload in the patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2590-0048
    ISSN (online) 2590-0048
    DOI 10.1007/s44228-022-00022-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Shear wave elastography to predict oesophageal varices, morbidity and mortality in chronic liver disease.

    Solanki, Hayneil / Mills, Lucy / Raj, Ashok

    The New Zealand medical journal

    2021  Volume 134, Issue 1543, Page(s) 103–112

    Abstract: Introduction: In chronic liver disease (CLD), Fibroscan® (transient elastography) can be a useful "rule-out" test for oesophageal varices, but it is limited by body habitus. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is another non-invasive fibrosis test that is ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: In chronic liver disease (CLD), Fibroscan® (transient elastography) can be a useful "rule-out" test for oesophageal varices, but it is limited by body habitus. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is another non-invasive fibrosis test that is better suited for overweight subjects. We determined SWE's ability to predict oesophageal varices, morbidity and mortality in a predominantly overweight population.
    Methods: Subjects (n=1,120) with CLD who underwent SWE at Middlemore Hospital between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2018 were identified. The diagnostic accuracy of SWE to rule out oesophageal varices in advanced hepatic fibrosis was assessed, as well as associations with morbidity and mortality.
    Results: Of 304 subjects with advanced fibrosis, 89 had endoscopic data and 18 had varices. Median body mass index was 28.2kg/m2. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value for liver stiffness to predict varices was 0.74 and 0.80 when combined with serum albumin. Liver stiffness ≤12.4kPa and albumin ≥37g/L had a negative predictive value of 95%. There were 135 hospital admissions and 19 deaths. Liver stiffness correlated with hospital admissions (p=0.007) and independently predicted mortality.
    Conclusions: Shear wave elastography could be a useful rule-out test for screening endoscopy in overweight populations with CLD.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/diagnosis ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/etiology ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/diagnostic imaging ; Liver Cirrhosis/mortality ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Overweight/complications ; Overweight/diagnosis ; Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin/analysis ; Severity of Illness Index
    Chemical Substances Serum Albumin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-08
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390590-1
    ISSN 1175-8716 ; 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
    ISSN (online) 1175-8716
    ISSN 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A clinical study on roxadustat for anemia in diabetic nephropathy: a 8-week study.

    Jiang, Luhua / Jia, Ruoyu / Zheng, Zhifang / Zhang, Xuejie / Xu, Yizhou / Raj, Ashok / Sun, Dong

    International urology and nephrology

    2023  Volume 56, Issue 3, Page(s) 1093–1101

    Abstract: Purpose: The development of roxadustat is a standard treatment for renal anemia, and multiple clinical trials have proved its safety and efficacy. However, less information is available from trials of the population with diabetic nephropathy (DN). This ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The development of roxadustat is a standard treatment for renal anemia, and multiple clinical trials have proved its safety and efficacy. However, less information is available from trials of the population with diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to determine whether roxadustat is effective for treating DN.
    Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, institutional review board-approved cohort study. The patients with DN were chosen and given roxadustat or erythropoietin (EPO) for 8 weeks. The mean hemoglobin (Hb) level after 8 weeks of treatment served as the primary outcome. Alterations in the iron index and lipid levels were considered secondary objectives. Sub-group analysis was performed to observe the impact of inflammation and glycemic status on Hb.
    Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled, 40 in each group. After 8 weeks of treatment, the Hb levels in the roxadustat group were higher than those in the control group. The number of patients who achieved Hb response was higher in the roxadustat group than in the control group (77.5% versus 27.5%; P < 0.001). In addition to lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, roxadustat decreased ferritin and elevated total iron-binding capacity. Compared to the control group, roxadustat was more beneficial for patients with an inflammatory condition and poor glycemic control.
    Conclusions: Roxadustat treatment remarkably corrected anemia in patients with DN, and its effectiveness was unaffected by inflammation or glycemic control levels. In addition, roxadustat can also reduce a patient's blood lipid level and enhance the body's use of iron.
    Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR2200057232.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetic Nephropathies/complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy ; Cohort Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications ; Anemia/drug therapy ; Anemia/etiology ; Iron/therapeutic use ; Glycine/therapeutic use ; Isoquinolines/therapeutic use ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Inflammation/complications ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Glycine (TE7660XO1C) ; Isoquinolines ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Hemoglobins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 204048-7
    ISSN 1573-2584 ; 0301-1623 ; 0042-1162
    ISSN (online) 1573-2584
    ISSN 0301-1623 ; 0042-1162
    DOI 10.1007/s11255-023-03757-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Effect of roxadustat on iron metabolism in patients with peritoneal dialysis: a real-world 24-week study.

    Zhang, Xuejie / Jia, Ruoyu / Zheng, Zhifang / Jiang, Luhua / Xu, Yizhou / Raj, Ashok / Sun, Dong

    European journal of medical research

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 489

    Abstract: Background: Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia inducing factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) that regulates iron metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) primarily by reducing hepcidin levels and mobilizing internal iron stores. More ...

    Abstract Background: Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia inducing factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) that regulates iron metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) primarily by reducing hepcidin levels and mobilizing internal iron stores. More data are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of roxadustat in regulating iron metabolism in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD) compared with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs).
    Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled PD patients with a mean hemoglobin level of 60-100 g/L. All subjects were randomized into two groups at a ratio of 2:1 the roxadustat group (106 cases), and the ESA group (53 cases). The primary endpoint was the change in the iron biomarker levels and the proportion of patients with absolute iron deficiency and functional iron deficiency.
    Results: Compared with ESAs, roxadustat significantly decreased hepcidin level (difference, - 20.09 ng/mL; 95% CI, - 30.26 to - 9.92), attenuated the increase in serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTFR) level (difference, - 7.87 nmol/L; 95% CI, - 12.11 to - 3.64), and reduced the proportion of patients with functional iron deficiency (roxadustat, 11.43%; ESA, 33.33%). There was no significant difference in safety of the two groups over the duration of the study.
    Conclusions: Compared with ESA group, roxadustat group showed significant differences in all iron biomarker levels except serum ferritin (sFt) and transferrin saturation (TSAT). These results suggest that roxadustat was superior to ESAs as a therapy for iron metabolism in PD patients.
    Trial registration: This study completed Chinese Clinical Trial Registration on March 4, 2022 (registration number: ChiCTR2200057231).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Biomarkers ; Glycine/pharmacology ; Hematinics ; Hepcidins ; Iron/metabolism ; Iron Deficiencies/drug therapy ; Isoquinolines/pharmacology ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Prospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Glycine (TE7660XO1C) ; Hematinics ; Hepcidins ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Isoquinolines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1329381-3
    ISSN 2047-783X ; 0949-2321
    ISSN (online) 2047-783X
    ISSN 0949-2321
    DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01465-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A simple high-volume culture technique-Good substitute for polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Aspergillus species in bronchoalveolar lavage samples.

    Subhagan, Haritha / Savio, Jayanthi / Padaki, Priyadarshini / Srivastava, Sweta / Thomas, Pavana / Veerappan, Rajeshwari / Ramachandran, Priya / Michael Raj Ashok, John

    Mycoses

    2021  Volume 65, Issue 1, Page(s) 24–29

    Abstract: Background: Aspergillus species is the most common agent of invasive pulmonary fungal disease. Culture-based diagnosis considered as gold standard is limited by the fungal load in samples. Detection of Aspergillus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has ... ...

    Abstract Background: Aspergillus species is the most common agent of invasive pulmonary fungal disease. Culture-based diagnosis considered as gold standard is limited by the fungal load in samples. Detection of Aspergillus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been included as a diagnostic criterion by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Most routine laboratories lack facilities for molecular diagnosis. Better yield using high-volume culture (HVC) technique has been reported. Studies have not compared HVC and PCR for detection of Aspergillus species in respiratory samples from patients with suspected invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) not on antifungal therapy.
    Objective: This pilot study compared HVC and PCR for the detection of Aspergillus species in respiratory samples from treatment naïve patients.
    Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 30 patients with clinical suspicion of IPA were evaluated. Direct microscopy, culture both conventional (CC) and HVC and qualitative Pan Aspergillus PCR were performed. Latent class model was used for statistical analysis.
    Results: Sensitivity of HVC (100%) was better compared with CC (60%) and comparable to that of PCR (100%). Specificities of CC, HVC and PCR were 100%, 100% and 25%, respectively.
    Conclusion: High-volume culture is a simple cost-effective technique with a high sensitivity and specificity. It can be easily introduced in routine microbiology laboratories. In centres with the availability of infrastructure for molecular analysis, Aspergillus PCR with other mycological techniques can be used for better diagnosis and management of patients with IPA.
    MeSH term(s) Aspergillus/genetics ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology ; Culture Techniques ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Humans ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis/diagnosis ; Pilot Projects ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances DNA, Fungal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392487-7
    ISSN 1439-0507 ; 0933-7407
    ISSN (online) 1439-0507
    ISSN 0933-7407
    DOI 10.1111/myc.13347
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: A sandwich technique for the removal of stone embedded intrauterine devices in the urinary bladder.

    Raj, Ashok / Xiaolei, Sun / Wenjing, Xie / Renfu, Chen / Yunpeng, Peng

    Urology case reports

    2021  Volume 38, Page(s) 101599

    Abstract: A urinary bladder stone in young adults is uncommon. Dislocation of an IUD to adjection organs is a rare condition. We present a case of a 28-year female with a chief complaint of right side pelvis discomfort, off and on with the urinary system. In this ... ...

    Abstract A urinary bladder stone in young adults is uncommon. Dislocation of an IUD to adjection organs is a rare condition. We present a case of a 28-year female with a chief complaint of right side pelvis discomfort, off and on with the urinary system. In this case, we performed cystoscopy assisted laser lithotripsy, hysteroscopy to localize and remove IUD, transurethral resectoscope for removing IUD residual, and resection sinus tract. This article's objective states that the multidisciplinary approach to removing dislocated IUD is safe and effective and raises awareness of forgotten contraceptive devices and their potential complications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2745459-9
    ISSN 2214-4420
    ISSN 2214-4420
    DOI 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101599
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  7. Article: Iron Chelation Therapy With Deferasirox in Sickle Cell Disease With End-Stage Renal Disease.

    Raj, Ashok / McGowan, Kerry / Knapp, Esther / Zhao, Jun / Shah, Siddharth

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e24146

    Abstract: Patients with transfusion-dependent sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of iron overload and its complications. Iron overload is a significant risk factor for chronic liver disease in patients who are dependent on hemodialysis secondary to end-stage ... ...

    Abstract Patients with transfusion-dependent sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of iron overload and its complications. Iron overload is a significant risk factor for chronic liver disease in patients who are dependent on hemodialysis secondary to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Deferasirox is being increasingly used as an iron-chelating agent for the treatment of iron overload in both adults and children. There are limited reports on its use in pediatric patients with ESRD. Here, we discuss the use of deferasirox to treat iron overload in a 15-year-old male with SCD, ESRD from granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and dependent on hemodialysis. We also review the literature on similar uses of deferasirox in adult patients with ESRD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.24146
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Enhanced Glycolysis through the SIX1/HBO1 Pathway against Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation Injury in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

    Zhang, Xiangyu / Zhang, Xin / Chen, Lu / Zhao, Jiaqi / Raj, Ashok / Wang, Yanping / Li, Shulin / Zhang, Chi / Yang, Jing / Sun, Dong

    Current stem cell research & therapy

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: Angiogenesis and energy metabolism mediated by adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (AMSC-exos) are promising therapeutics for vascular diseases.: Objectives: The current study aimed to explore whether AMSC-exos have therapeutic ...

    Abstract Background: Angiogenesis and energy metabolism mediated by adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (AMSC-exos) are promising therapeutics for vascular diseases.
    Objectives: The current study aimed to explore whether AMSC-exos have therapeutic effects on oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury by modulating the SIX1/HBO1 signaling pathway to upregulate endothelial cells (E.C.s) glycolysis and angiogenesis.
    Methods: AMSC-exos were isolated and characterized following standard protocols. AMSC-exos cytoprotective effects were evaluated in the HUVECs-OGD model. The proliferation, migration, and tube formation abilities of HUVECs were assessed. The glycolysis level was evaluated by detecting lactate production and ATP synthesis. The expressions of HK2, PKM2, VEGF, HIF-1α, SIX1, and HBO1 were determined by western blotting, and finally, the SIX1 overexpression vector or small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into HUVECs to assess the change in HBO1 expression.
    Results: Our study revealed that AMSC-exos promotes E.C.s survival after OGD, reducing E.C.s apoptosis while strengthening E.C.'s angiogenic ability. AMSC-exos enhanced glycolysis and reduced OGD-induced ECs injury by modulation of the SIX1/HBO1 signaling pathway, which is a novel anti-endothelial cell injury role of AMSC-exos that regulates glycolysis via activating the SIX1/HBO1 signaling pathway.
    Conclusion: The current study findings demonstrate a useful angiogenic therapeutic strategy for AMSC-exos treatment in vascular injury, thus providing new therapeutic ideas for treating ischaemic diseases.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-27
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2251937-3
    ISSN 2212-3946 ; 1574-888X
    ISSN (online) 2212-3946
    ISSN 1574-888X
    DOI 10.2174/011574888X265623230921045240
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Abstinence from alcohol consumption and exercise capacity: A pre and post intervention cohort study.

    Raj, Ashok S / Cobain, Charlotte / Abbott, Tom Ef / Cron, Nicholas

    Journal of perioperative practice

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 89–95

    Abstract: The benefits or harm associated with moderate levels of alcohol consumption on cardiorespiratory fitness are unclear. We hypothesised that in moderate drinkers, four weeks of abstinence could improve cardiorespiratory fitness. This was a single centre, ... ...

    Abstract The benefits or harm associated with moderate levels of alcohol consumption on cardiorespiratory fitness are unclear. We hypothesised that in moderate drinkers, four weeks of abstinence could improve cardiorespiratory fitness. This was a single centre, prospective, pre and post intervention, experimental cohort study. Participants were recruited from healthy volunteers among hospital staff, who were non-smokers, over 25 years of age and regularly consumed ≥3 units of alcohol a day, ≥4 times a week for > 1 month. Cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to provide objective, quantifiable and reproducible data. In all, 30 participated, and data were analysed for 22 participants. Mean (SD) peak oxygen consumption and oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold were similar before and after alcohol abstinence: 37.55 (10.89) and 39.66 (11.48) (P = 0.21) and 18.52 (5.43) and 16.82 (5.19) ml/kg/min (P = 0.1), respectively. It is concluded that this preliminary study did not establish a correlation between four weeks alcohol abstinence and cardiopulmonary fitness as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test, among healthy volunteers self-reporting moderate alcohol consumption.
    MeSH term(s) Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; Cardiorespiratory Fitness ; Cohort Studies ; Exercise Tolerance ; Humans ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2226186-2
    ISSN 2515-7949 ; 1750-4589
    ISSN (online) 2515-7949
    ISSN 1750-4589
    DOI 10.1177/1750458919889879
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  10. Article: Use of Pleuroperitoneal Shunt in Chylothorax Related to Central Line Associated Thrombosis in Sickle Cell Disease.

    Spiwak, Elizabeth / Wiesenauer, Chad / Panigrahi, Arun / Raj, Ashok

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2018  Volume 5, Issue 1

    Abstract: Central vein thrombosis as a cause of chylothorax is uncommon, and in a few cases in the literature was related to thrombotic complications of central venous access devices (CVAD). Superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion-induced chylothorax has been described ...

    Abstract Central vein thrombosis as a cause of chylothorax is uncommon, and in a few cases in the literature was related to thrombotic complications of central venous access devices (CVAD). Superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion-induced chylothorax has been described in adult sickle cell disease (SCD) in a setting of chronic indwelling CVAD. There are limited reports on chylothorax induced by central venous thrombosis secondary to chronic CVAD in children with SCD. We describe an 8-year-old male patient, with a history of SCD, maintained on long term erythrocytapheresis for primary prevention of stroke, and whose clinical course was complicated by chylothorax which was successfully treated with a pleuroperitoneal shunt.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children5010007
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