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Article ; Online: Coumarin Linked Cyanine Dye for the Selective Detection of Cyanide Ion in Environmental Water Sample.

Palanisamy, Jayasudha / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan / Alfarhan, Ahmed

2024

Abstract: A benzoxazole-coumarin-based probe BOC, was synthesized and validated for its anion sensing ability and found to be effective in recognizing cyanide ions. Upon addition of cyanide, a spontaneous color change was observed that was visible to the naked eye. ...

Abstract	A benzoxazole-coumarin-based probe BOC, was synthesized and validated for its anion sensing ability and found to be effective in recognizing cyanide ions. Upon addition of cyanide, a spontaneous color change was observed that was visible to the naked eye. The sensitization process takes place with nucleophilic addition, and the cyanide ion added to the probe disrupts the intra molecular charge transfer transition (ICT) between the donor and acceptor units, causing the pink colored probe to become yellow. Ultraviolet and fluorescence methods were applied to measure the detection limits of probes with added cyanide ions, which were found to be 3.47 µM and 2.48 nM. The stoichiometry of the probe with the cyanide ion was determined by the Job's method, NMR titration, and mass spectrometry and was found to be in a 1:1 ratio. The results obtained from the visual and UV-visible spectral studies are justified by theoretical calculations. The cyanide-loaded probe induced visual changes, which enabled the development of a test strip for field application, and the prepared strip can be used to detect the ppm level of cyanide in water samples. The developed probe, BOC, can be used to detect cyanide ions in various water samples.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016892-5
ISSN	1573-4994 ; 1053-0509
ISSN (online)	1573-4994
ISSN	1053-0509
DOI	10.1007/s10895-024-03620-0
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Article ; Online: Selective and Effective Sensing of Cyanide Ion with no Interference in Water by Phenothiazine-indolium Fused Optical Sensor.

Palanisamy, Jayasudha / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan / Alfarhan, Ahmed

Journal of fluorescence

2024

Abstract: The sensor with electron donor phenothiazine-2-carbaldehyde and electron acceptor indolium carboxylic acid, is developed with an intramolecular charge transfer transition between them. The synthesized molecule senses cyanide ion in water. The cyanide ion ...

Abstract	The sensor with electron donor phenothiazine-2-carbaldehyde and electron acceptor indolium carboxylic acid, is developed with an intramolecular charge transfer transition between them. The synthesized molecule senses cyanide ion in water. The cyanide ion reacts with the molecule via nucleophilic addition in the indolium ring with a noticeable purple to colorless change in the solution observed. Also with the cyanide ion interaction, the sensor exhibits change in UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectra. While the other ion does not show spectral and visual changes when interacts with the sensor molecule. Also the interference study reveals that the molecule is highly selective towards cyanide ion. Different source of water samples confirms the CN
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016892-5
ISSN	1573-4994 ; 1053-0509
ISSN (online)	1573-4994
ISSN	1053-0509
DOI	10.1007/s10895-024-03715-8
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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of polyphenols extracted from different Saudi Arabian date cultivars against human pathogens.

Al-Tamimi, Amal / Alfarhan, Ahmed / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan

Journal of infection and public health

2021 Volume 14, Issue 12, Page(s) 1783–1787

Abstract: Background: Microbial diseases have emerged as a serious threat to the healthcare system globally and also in Saudi Arabia; various diseases are associated with higher mortality and increased spreading rates. Dietary sources are often entertained to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Microbial diseases have emerged as a serious threat to the healthcare system globally and also in Saudi Arabia; various diseases are associated with higher mortality and increased spreading rates. Dietary sources are often entertained to improve the immune system of the body to fight against these infections. The date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L) is one such functional food that is less explored for its actual potentials. Methods: The polyphenols isolated from the different cultivars of dates in Saudi Arabia (Ajwa, Safawi, Khalas, and Sukkary) was evaluated for their antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-biofilm forming abilities. The anti-radical properties of the phenolic extract were conducted in terms of the scavenging of diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, hydrogen peroxide radicals and ABTS radicals. The anti-inflammatory potential was analyzed in terms of lipoxygenase activity inhibition. Results: The phenolic compounds of different dates were spectrophotometrically estimated and cultivars such as Ajwa and Sukkary had the highest polyphenol content. It was also noteworthy that they exerted potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as estimated by the least minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) or minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Besides, these polyphenols reduced the biofilm formation by these bacterial pathogens; it is thus possible that the polyphenols from dates can be a promising antimicrobial agent against various pathogenic strains. Corroborating with these, the polyphenol extracts from different Saudi Arabian dates were found to inhibit the growth of mycelium in strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Apart from these, the polyphenol isolates also exhibited significant anti-radical properties against different reactive radical systems. Conclusion: Overall, the efficacy of phenolic compounds extracted from the dried date fruits are not only restricted to the functional food features; instead, these molecules are capable of preventing the growth of microbial pathogens of humans. Hence, it may emerge as potent antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-biofilm forming candidates.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Biofilms ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Polyphenols/pharmacology ; Saudi Arabia
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Plant Extracts ; Polyphenols
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2467587-8
ISSN	1876-035X ; 1876-0341
ISSN (online)	1876-035X
ISSN	1876-0341
DOI	10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.006
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Article ; Online: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Citrus reticulata Blanco Peels Collected from Agrowastes.

Job, Joice Tom / Visakh, Naduvilthara U / Pathrose, Berin / Alfarhan, Ahmed / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan / Thayyullathil, Jobiraj / Thejass, P / Ramesh, Varsha / Narayanankutty, Arunaksharan

Chemistry & biodiversity

2024 Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) e202301223

Abstract: Citrus fruits have a thick outer coat which is often discarded due to its low economic value and usually contributes to the waste. So this work focused on exploring the potential pharmacological properties of the discarded citrus peels. In the present ... ...

Abstract	Citrus fruits have a thick outer coat which is often discarded due to its low economic value and usually contributes to the waste. So this work focused on exploring the potential pharmacological properties of the discarded citrus peels. In the present study, we extracted the essential oil from peel wastes of Citrus reticulata Blanco (CREO) from the local market. The antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of essential oil were evaluated. The CREO exhibited a strong antioxidant property with DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, H
MeSH term(s)	Oils, Volatile/pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile/chemistry ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/chemistry ; Escherichia coli ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Citrus/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Oils, Volatile ; Antioxidants ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2139001-0
ISSN	1612-1880 ; 1612-1872
ISSN (online)	1612-1880
ISSN	1612-1872
DOI	10.1002/cbdv.202301223
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Article ; Online: Synthesis of Bis-Chalcones and Evaluation of Its Effect on Peroxide-Induced Cell Death and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Production.

Tom, Alby / Jacob, Jisha / Mathews, Manoj / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan / Alfarhan, Ahmed / Barcelo, Damia / Narayanankutty, Arunaksharan

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 28, Issue 17

Abstract: Plant secondary metabolites are important sources of biologically active compounds with wide pharmacological potentials. Among the different classes, the chalcones form integral pharmacologically active agents. Natural chalcones and bis-chalcones exhibit ...

Abstract	Plant secondary metabolites are important sources of biologically active compounds with wide pharmacological potentials. Among the different classes, the chalcones form integral pharmacologically active agents. Natural chalcones and bis-chalcones exhibit high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various experiments. Studies are also underway to explore more biologically active bis-chalcones by chemical synthesis of these compounds. In this study, the effects of six synthetic bis-chalcones were evaluated in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6); further, the anti-inflammatory potentials were studied in lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production in macrophages. The synthesized bis-chalcones differ from each other first of all by the nature of the aromatic cores (functional group substitution, and their position) and by the size of a central alicycle. The exposure of IEC-6 cells to peroxide radicals reduced the cell viability; however, pre-treatment with the bis-chalcones improved the cell viability in these cells. The mechanism of action was observed to be the increased levels of glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities. Further, these bis-chalcones also inhibited the LPS-stimulation-induced inflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Overall, the present study indicated the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory abilities of synthetic bis-chalcones.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Chalcones/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Cell Death ; Peroxides ; Cytokines
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Chalcones ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Peroxides ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28176354
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Article ; Online: Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of

Sidhic, Jameema / George, Satheesh / Alfarhan, Ahmed / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan / Olatunji, Opeyemi Joshua / Narayanankutty, Arunaksharan

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 28, Issue 19

Abstract: Ethnomedicinal plants are important sources of drug candidates, and many of these plants, especially in the Western Ghats, are underexplored. ...

Abstract	Ethnomedicinal plants are important sources of drug candidates, and many of these plants, especially in the Western Ghats, are underexplored.
MeSH term(s)	Plants, Medicinal/chemistry ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Luteolin ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; Phytochemicals/chemistry ; Ethanol/chemistry ; Fabaceae ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Plant Extracts ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Luteolin (KUX1ZNC9J2) ; Phytochemicals ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28196875
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Article ; Online: Deacetylepoxyazadiradione ameliorates diabesity in in-vivo zebrafish larval model by influencing the level of regulatory adipokines and oxidative stress.

Murugan, Raghul / Haridevamuthu, B / Gopinath, Pushparathinam / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan / Arokiyaraj, Selvaraj / Arockiaraj, Jesu

European journal of pharmacology

2023 Volume 961, Page(s) 176214

Abstract: Obesity and diabetes constitute significant global health issues associated with one another. In contrast to diabetes, which is characterised by oxidative stress that enhances cellular damage and the following complications. Obesity dynamics involve ... ...

Abstract	Obesity and diabetes constitute significant global health issues associated with one another. In contrast to diabetes, which is characterised by oxidative stress that enhances cellular damage and the following complications. Obesity dynamics involve chronic inflammation that promotes insulin resistance and metabolic disruptions. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, therefore, hold promise for synergistic effects, addressing inflammation and oxidative stress, key factors in managing obesity and diabetes. These agents can be utilized in novel drug delivery approaches. The complex interactions between deacetylepoxyazadiradione (DEA) and zebrafish larva subjected to metabolic impairment due to a high-fat diet (HFD) are examined in this study. The survival assay showed a significantly lower rate (79% survival rate) in the larvae exposed to HFD. Contrastingly, DEA treatment showed significant results with survival rates increasing dose-dependently (84%, 89%, and 94% at concentrations of 50 μM, 100 μM, and 150 μM, respectively). Further investigations revealed that DEA could reduce hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic conditions in zebrafish larvae. Glucose levels significantly dropped in the DEA treatment, which was associated with a decline in larval weight, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Enzyme assays revealed higher antioxidant enzyme concentrations in DEA treated in-vivo larval models, which were associated with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory genes. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that DEA can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, effectively easing the diabesity-like state in zebrafish larvae. This offers potential avenues for developing DEA as a valuable drug candidate to manage the intricate diabesity condition.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Zebrafish/metabolism ; Adipokines/metabolism ; Larva/metabolism ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Oxidative Stress ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Diet, High-Fat ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Adipokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80121-5
ISSN	1879-0712 ; 0014-2999
ISSN (online)	1879-0712
ISSN	0014-2999
DOI	10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176214
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Zs.A 522: Show issues

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Article: Variations in the composition, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of natural polyphenols of edible oils extracted from fresh and dried coconut testa

Narayanankutty, Arunaksharan / Kunnath, Krishnaprasad / Famurewa, Ademola C. / Ramesh, Varsha / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan / Alfarhan, Ahmed

Physiological and molecular plant pathology. 2022 Jan., v. 117

2022

Abstract: Coconut is a commonly consumed palm variety in various south Asian countries including India and Sri Lanka. The important products obtained from the coconut palm are tender water, edible oils from coconut kernel and milk. The coconut kernel-derived ... ...

Abstract	Coconut is a commonly consumed palm variety in various south Asian countries including India and Sri Lanka. The important products obtained from the coconut palm are tender water, edible oils from coconut kernel and milk. The coconut kernel-derived edible oils are widely recognized as functional foods and are reported to be beneficial in various non-communicable diseases. However, the coconut testa oil (CTO) extracted from the testa of coconut is a less explored product and has significant nutritional and pharmacological importance. In this study, the phenolic component characterization, anti-radical potentials and subsequent alleviating effect of polyphenols isolated from CTO prepared from fresh (CTOF) and dried (CTOD) coconut testa against free radical-induced cell death were analyzed. The total polyphenols and flavonoids content of CTOD was found to be higher than the CTOF (p < 0.05); further, the phenolic profiling indicated the possible flavonoids present in the CTOD. In cultured normal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6), the CTOD had a significantly higher protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced damages than the CTOF at their similar doses. The pre-treatment increased the intra-cellular antioxidant levels, enzyme activities and subsequently reducing cellular oxidized lipid content. Further, the anti-inflammatory effect of CTOD and CTOF was evaluated against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages; the CTOD was efficient in reducing the cytokine release induced by the LPS and nitric oxide radical production inhibition compared to the CTOF. Overall, the present study identifies that the CTO prepared from dried coconut testa contain higher polyphenols and also have significantly higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Keywords	Cocos nucifera ; anti-inflammatory activity ; cell death ; coconuts ; cytokines ; desiccated coconut ; enzymes ; flavonoids ; hydrogen peroxide ; lipid content ; macrophages ; milk ; nitric oxide ; oxidation ; plant pathology ; polyphenols ; protective effect ; testa ; India ; Sri Lanka
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	742470-x
ISSN	0885-5765
ISSN	0885-5765
DOI	10.1016/j.pmpp.2021.101742
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Borassus flabellifer

Job, Joice Tom / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan / Alfarhan, Ahmed / Narayanankutty, Arunaksharan

Drug and chemical toxicology

2021 Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 2269–2275

Abstract: Fluoride is the most common cause of drinking water-associated toxicity and is known to induce various metabolic imbalances and dental/skeletal fluorosis. The present study analyzed the protective effect ... ...

Abstract	Fluoride is the most common cause of drinking water-associated toxicity and is known to induce various metabolic imbalances and dental/skeletal fluorosis. The present study analyzed the protective effect of
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Fluorides/metabolism ; Fluorides/toxicity ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Methanol ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O) ; Fluorides (Q80VPU408O) ; Methanol (Y4S76JWI15)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	548368-2
ISSN	1525-6014 ; 0148-0545
ISSN (online)	1525-6014
ISSN	0148-0545
DOI	10.1080/01480545.2021.1926476
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Zs.A 1380: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Chemical Composition of

Narayanankutty, Arunaksharan / Kunnath, Krishnaprasad / Alfarhan, Ahmed / Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan / Ramesh, Varsha

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 26, Issue 20

Abstract: Cinnamomum ... ...

Abstract	Cinnamomum verum
MeSH term(s)	Acrolein/analogs & derivatives ; Acrolein/chemistry ; Acrolein/pharmacology ; Acyclic Monoterpenes/chemistry ; Acyclic Monoterpenes/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum/chemistry ; Flowers/chemistry ; Insect Repellents/chemistry ; Insect Repellents/pharmacology ; Insecticides/chemistry ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile/chemistry ; Oils, Volatile/pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Plant Oils/chemistry ; Plant Oils/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Acyclic Monoterpenes ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Insect Repellents ; Insecticides ; Oils, Volatile ; Plant Oils ; Acrolein (7864XYD3JJ) ; linalool (D81QY6I88E) ; cinnamaldehyde (SR60A3XG0F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules26206303
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