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Article ; Online: Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polyherbal Formulations, Joint Pain Spl and Rumalaya Forte on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammation in IC-21 Macrophages.

Koodalingam, Arunagirinathan / Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Parthiban, Ezhumalai

Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry

2021 Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 290–301

Abstract: Aim: To test the effectiveness of marketed polyherbal formulations on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory conditions in macrophages.: Background: Usage of herbal compounds among patients suffering from arthritis and cancer is increasing every ... ...

Abstract	Aim: To test the effectiveness of marketed polyherbal formulations on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory conditions in macrophages. Background: Usage of herbal compounds among patients suffering from arthritis and cancer is increasing every year. Many anti-inflammatory herbal products available in the market should be screened thoroughly for their possible mechanism of action. Objective: Joint Pain Spl (JPS) is a polyherbal dietary food supplement composed of 13 herbal plants, and Rumalaya Forte (RF) is a polyherbal formulation comprising of 6 herbal plants. These were tested for their cytotoxicity, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in LPS treated IC-21 peritoneal macrophages. Methods: Commercially available JPS and RF powder was used to prepare the extract. The aqueous and methanol extracts were quantified for the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and confirmed with HPLC. In vitro DPPH free scavenging activity was performed. Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IC-21 peritoneal macrophage cells. Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in JPS and RF. The aqueous and methanol extracts of JPS and RF possesses significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity. MTT assay revealed that 90.64% (aqueous extract) and 92.21% (methanol extract) of exposed macrophages are viable even after 24h exposure of maximal tested concentrations of herbal formulations. Pre-treatment of JPS and RF on LPS induced IC-21 macrophages showed a reduction in nitric oxide production (maximal 79.95%) and a high level of superoxide anion scavenging activity (maximal 82.5%) over control. Conclusion: The two tested polyherbal formulations, such as JPS and RF possess anti-inflammatory activity by modulating free radical generation in IC-21 macrophages. Thus the presence of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds may contribute to the antioxidant activity.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/chemistry ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Arthralgia ; Humans ; Inflammation/chemically induced ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Macrophages ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antioxidants ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-03
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2227189-2
ISSN	1875-614X ; 1871-5230
ISSN (online)	1875-614X
ISSN	1871-5230
DOI	10.2174/1871523019999210104203252
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Article ; Online: Identification of apigenin-4'-glucoside as bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor by QSAR modeling, molecular docking, DFT, molecular dynamics, and in vitro confirmation studies.

Harini, Manoharan / Kavitha, Kuppuswamy / Prabakaran, Vadivel / Krithika, Anandan / Dinesh, Shanmugam / Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Suresh, Gopal / Puvanakrishnan, Rengarajulu / Ramesh, Balasubramanian

Journal of molecular modeling

2024 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 22

Abstract: Context: It is well known that antibiotic resistance is a major health hazard. To eradicate antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, it is essential to find a novel antibacterial agent. Hence, in this study, a quantitative structure-activity ... ...

Abstract	Context: It is well known that antibiotic resistance is a major health hazard. To eradicate antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, it is essential to find a novel antibacterial agent. Hence, in this study, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed using 43 DNA gyrase inhibitors, and 700 natural compounds were screened for their antibacterial properties. Based on molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies, the top three leads viz., apigenin-4'-glucoside, 8-deoxygartanin, and cryptodorine were selected and structurally optimized using density functional theory (DFT) studies. The optimized structures were redocked, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed. Binding energies were calculated by molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area solvation (MM-PBSA). Based on the above studies, apigenin-4'-glucoside was identified as a potent antibacterial lead. Further in vitro confirmation studies were performed using the plant Lawsonia inermis containing apigenin-4'-glucoside to confirm the antibacterial activity. Methods: For QSAR modeling, 2D descriptors were calculated by PaDEL-Descriptors v2.21 software, and the model was developed using the DTClab QSAR tool. Docking was performed using PyRx v0.8 software. ORCA v5.0.1 computational package was used to optimize the structures. The job type used in optimization was equilibrium structure search using the DFT hybrid functional ORCA method B3LYP. The basis set was 6-311G (3df, 3pd) plus four polarization functions for all atoms. Accurate docking was performed for optimized leads using the iGEMDOCK v2.1 tool with a genetic algorithm by 10 solutions each of 80 generations. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed using GROMACS 2020.04 software with CHARMM36 all-atom force field.
MeSH term(s)	Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors/chemistry ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Apigenin/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; DNA Gyrase/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Topoisomerase II Inhibitors ; Apigenin (7V515PI7F6) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; DNA Gyrase (EC 5.99.1.3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1284729-X
ISSN	0948-5023 ; 1610-2940
ISSN (online)	0948-5023
ISSN	1610-2940
DOI	10.1007/s00894-023-05813-z
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Article ; Online: Molecular characterization of potent antibacterial compound 4-(3-methylazetidin-1-yl)pentan-2-ol from Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil

Anjukam, Elamaran / Ramesh, Manickam / Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Kavitha, Kuppuswamy / Prakash, Mani / Suresh, Gopal / Puvanakrishnan, Rengarajulu / Ramesh, Balasubramanian

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2023 Jan., v. 47 p.102617-

2023

Abstract: Calophyllum inophyllum (Calophyllaceae) has wide applications in traditional folk medicine. The methanol extract of C. inophyllum exhibited good antibacterial activities (17 ± 1.73 to 24 ± 1.15 mm) against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, ... ...

Abstract	Calophyllum inophyllum (Calophyllaceae) has wide applications in traditional folk medicine. The methanol extract of C. inophyllum exhibited good antibacterial activities (17 ± 1.73 to 24 ± 1.15 mm) against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bioactive constituents of this seed oil were purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The compounds such as Benzene, 1-bromo-4- (1, 3-dichloropropyl), furan −2 –carboxaldehyde 5 – (3-nitrophenoxy) and (4 – iodopyrazol-1-yl) acetonitrile were predominant (28.14%) followed by 2-ethylacridine, 2-methyl-7-phenylindole, 5-methyl-2-phenylindolizine (9.18%) and then by E−11-hexadecenal, Cis-9-hexadecenal and 9, 17-octadecadienal (z) (8.90%). Further, preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectroscopic studies such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined with CSEARCH spectral similarity search demonstrated that the bioactive antibacterial compound in the active fraction is 4- (3-methylazetidin-1-yl) pentan-2-ol.
Keywords	Bacillus subtilis ; Calophyllum inophyllum ; Escherichia coli ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus aureus ; agricultural biotechnology ; antibiotics ; benzene ; biocatalysis ; furans ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; high performance liquid chromatography ; methanol ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; seed oils ; thin layer chromatography ; traditional medicine ; Seed oil ; Anti-bacterial ; Phytochemicals ; GC-MS ; FTIR ; NMR
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2642052-1
ISSN	1878-8181
ISSN	1878-8181
DOI	10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102617
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Article: Production and characterization of naturally occurring antibacterial magnetite nanoparticles from magnetotactic Bacillus sp. MTB17

Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Ramesh, Manickam / Divya, Ellappan / Kavitha, Kuppuswamy / Puvanakrishnan, Rengarajulu / Ramesh, Balasubramanian

Journal of applied microbiology. 2022 Apr., v. 132, no. 4

2022

Abstract: AIMS: This study envisaged the isolation and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) from magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and the evaluation of their antibacterial efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS: MNPs were extracted from 20 motile but ... ...

Abstract	AIMS: This study envisaged the isolation and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) from magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and the evaluation of their antibacterial efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS: MNPs were extracted from 20 motile but morphologically different MTB, and they were subjected to antibacterial activity assay. These MNPs were found to be highly effective against Vibrio cholerae. MTB17 was considered as the potent MTB strain based on the antibacterial activity. The MNPs of MTB17 were isolated and validated by UV‐Visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis, FTIR analysis, and PXRD. CONCLUSIONS: Isolation and characterization of ~85 nm MNPs from MTB is reported, and it is highly active against all the gram‐positive and gram‐negative strains tested. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study focuses on a novel use of biogenic magnetite MNPs as an antibacterial agent, which can be further explored using in vivo studies.
Keywords	Bacillus (bacteria) ; Vibrio cholerae ; antibacterial properties ; antibiotics ; magnetite ; particle size ; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 2683-2693.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1358023-1
ISSN	1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
ISSN (online)	1365-2672
ISSN	1364-5072
DOI	10.1111/jam.15395
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A novel colorimetric technique for estimating iron in magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria based on linear regression

Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Anjukam, Elamaran / Ramesh, Manickam / Kavitha, Kuppuswamy / Puvanakrishnan, Rengarajulu / Ramesh, Balasubramanian

Archives of microbiology. 2022 May, v. 204, no. 5

2022

Abstract: Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) use iron from their habitat to create magnetosomes, a unique organelle required for magnetotaxis. Due to a lack of cost-effective assay methods for estimating iron in magnetosomes, research on MTB and iron-rich magnetosomes ... ...

Abstract	Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) use iron from their habitat to create magnetosomes, a unique organelle required for magnetotaxis. Due to a lack of cost-effective assay methods for estimating iron in magnetosomes, research on MTB and iron-rich magnetosomes is limited. A systemized assay was established in this study to quantify iron in MTB using ferric citrate colorimetric estimation. With a statistically significant R² value of 0.9935, the iron concentration range and wavelength for iron estimation were optimized using linear regression. This colorimetric approach and the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) exhibited an excellent correlation R² value of 0.961 in the validatory correlative study of the iron concentration in the isolated magnetotactic bacterial strains. In large-scale screening studies, this less-expensive strategy could be advantageous.
Keywords	atomic absorption spectrometry ; citrates ; colorimetry ; cost effectiveness ; habitats ; iron ; magnetotaxis ; regression analysis ; wavelengths
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Size	p. 282.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	124824-8
ISSN	1432-072X ; 0302-8933
ISSN (online)	1432-072X
ISSN	0302-8933
DOI	10.1007/s00203-022-02901-1
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Article ; Online: A novel colorimetric technique for estimating iron in magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria based on linear regression.

Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Anjukam, Elamaran / Ramesh, Manickam / Kavitha, Kuppuswamy / Puvanakrishnan, Rengarajulu / Ramesh, Balasubramanian

Archives of microbiology

2022 Volume 204, Issue 5, Page(s) 282

Abstract	Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) use iron from their habitat to create magnetosomes, a unique organelle required for magnetotaxis. Due to a lack of cost-effective assay methods for estimating iron in magnetosomes, research on MTB and iron-rich magnetosomes is limited. A systemized assay was established in this study to quantify iron in MTB using ferric citrate colorimetric estimation. With a statistically significant R
MeSH term(s)	Colorimetry ; Ferrosoferric Oxide/analysis ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Iron ; Linear Models ; Magnetosomes/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Ferrosoferric Oxide (XM0M87F357)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124824-8
ISSN	1432-072X ; 0302-8933
ISSN (online)	1432-072X
ISSN	0302-8933
DOI	10.1007/s00203-022-02901-1
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Article ; Online: 4a‐methyl‐dodecahydro‐1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-6‐one produced by Endophytic Fungi Aspergillus niger E12 obtained from Dodonaea viscosa Plant Leaves as a Novel Antibacterial Compound

Ramesh, Manickam / Kavitha, Kuppuswamy / Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Anjukam, Elamaran / Prabakaran, Vadivel / Prakash, Mani / Puvanakrishnan, Rengarajulu / Ramesh, Balasubramanian

Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2022 Nov., v. 194, no. 11 p.5132-5150

2022

Abstract: Endophytic fungi were isolated from forty plant leaf samples from Gudiyam forest. The potent antibacterial strain Aspergillus niger E12 isolated from the plant Dodonaea viscosa showed maximal antibacterial activity against all the test organisms, viz., ... ...

Abstract	Endophytic fungi were isolated from forty plant leaf samples from Gudiyam forest. The potent antibacterial strain Aspergillus niger E12 isolated from the plant Dodonaea viscosa showed maximal antibacterial activity against all the test organisms, viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus coagulans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The production of the antibacterial compound was optimized using the yeast extract sucrose medium (2% YES) using response surface methodology (RSM). For the production, the optimal parameters were carbon/nitrogen (C:N) ratio, 9:1; temperature, 25 °C; pH, 5.7; incubation time, 240 h; and rpm, 30. A zone of inhibition of 19.33 mm was observed as maximal bioactivity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial compound was purified by extraction with ethyl acetate, activity-guided fractionation, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies showed that the Aspergillus niger E12 bioactive substance is 4a‐methyl‐dodecahydro‐1H-pyrrolo [3,4-b] quinoline-6‐one.
Keywords	Aspergillus niger ; Bacillus coagulans ; Dodonaea viscosa ; Escherichia coli ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus aureus ; antibacterial properties ; antibiotics ; bioactive compounds ; carbon ; endophytes ; ethyl acetate ; forests ; fractionation ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; high performance liquid chromatography ; leaves ; nitrogen ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; pH ; response surface methodology ; sucrose ; temperature ; yeast extract
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Size	p. 5132-5150.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	392344-7
ISSN	0273-2289
ISSN	0273-2289
DOI	10.1007/s12010-022-03988-4
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Article ; Online: Production and characterization of naturally occurring antibacterial magnetite nanoparticles from magnetotactic Bacillus sp. MTB17.

Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Ramesh, Manickam / Divya, Ellappan / Kavitha, Kuppuswamy / Puvanakrishnan, Rengarajulu / Ramesh, Balasubramanian

Journal of applied microbiology

2021 Volume 132, Issue 4, Page(s) 2683–2693

Abstract: Aims: This study envisaged the isolation and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) from magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and the evaluation of their antibacterial efficacy.: Methods and results: MNPs were extracted from 20 motile but ... ...

Abstract	Aims: This study envisaged the isolation and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) from magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and the evaluation of their antibacterial efficacy. Methods and results: MNPs were extracted from 20 motile but morphologically different MTB, and they were subjected to antibacterial activity assay. These MNPs were found to be highly effective against Vibrio cholerae. MTB17 was considered as the potent MTB strain based on the antibacterial activity. The MNPs of MTB17 were isolated and validated by UV-Visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis, FTIR analysis, and PXRD. Conclusions: Isolation and characterization of ~85 nm MNPs from MTB is reported, and it is highly active against all the gram-positive and gram-negative strains tested. Significance and impact of the study: This study focuses on a novel use of biogenic magnetite MNPs as an antibacterial agent, which can be further explored using in vivo studies.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacillus ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Particle Size
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Magnetite Nanoparticles
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1358023-1
ISSN	1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
ISSN (online)	1365-2672
ISSN	1364-5072
DOI	10.1111/jam.15395
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Article ; Online: 4a-methyl-dodecahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-6-one produced by Endophytic Fungi Aspergillus niger E12 obtained from Dodonaea viscosa Plant Leaves as a Novel Antibacterial Compound.

Ramesh, Manickam / Kavitha, Kuppuswamy / Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Anjukam, Elamaran / Prabakaran, Vadivel / Prakash, Mani / Puvanakrishnan, Rengarajulu / Ramesh, Balasubramanian

Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

2022 Volume 194, Issue 11, Page(s) 5132–5150

Abstract	Endophytic fungi were isolated from forty plant leaf samples from Gudiyam forest. The potent antibacterial strain Aspergillus niger E12 isolated from the plant Dodonaea viscosa showed maximal antibacterial activity against all the test organisms, viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus coagulans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The production of the antibacterial compound was optimized using the yeast extract sucrose medium (2% YES) using response surface methodology (RSM). For the production, the optimal parameters were carbon/nitrogen (C:N) ratio, 9:1; temperature, 25 °C; pH, 5.7; incubation time, 240 h; and rpm, 30. A zone of inhibition of 19.33 mm was observed as maximal bioactivity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial compound was purified by extraction with ethyl acetate, activity-guided fractionation, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies showed that the Aspergillus niger E12 bioactive substance is 4a-methyl-dodecahydro-1H-pyrrolo [3,4-b] quinoline-6-one.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Aspergillus niger ; Fungi ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Escherichia coli ; Quinolines ; Nitrogen ; Carbon ; Sucrose ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Quinolines ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Sucrose (57-50-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392344-7
ISSN	1559-0291 ; 0273-2289
ISSN (online)	1559-0291
ISSN	0273-2289
DOI	10.1007/s12010-022-03988-4
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Article: Effect of a Bt-based product (Vectobar) on esterases and phosphatases from larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Koodalingam, Arunagirinathan / Mullainadhan, Periasamy / Rajalakshmi, Arumugam / Deepalakshmi, Ramadoss / Ammu, Manoharan

Pesticide biochemistry and physiology. 2012 Nov., v. 104, no. 3

2012

Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based formulations possess potent insecticidal property, and they are being used in insect vector control programs all over the world. In this study, we examined the efficacy of a Bt-based product (Vectobar) on two ... ...

Abstract	Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based formulations possess potent insecticidal property, and they are being used in insect vector control programs all over the world. In this study, we examined the efficacy of a Bt-based product (Vectobar) on two developmental stages (fourth instar larvae and pupae) of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Vectobar at a concentration of 0.25ppm was found to inflict 100% mortality of fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti within 24h. By contrast, this Bt-based product tested up to 2ppm was not effective against the pupae of A. aegypti. The systemic effect of Vectobar was further assessed in the fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti by measuring the levels of total proteins and activity of two important marker enzymes: esterases and phosphatases. Exposure of the larvae to Vectobar at a lethal threshold concentration (0.05ppm) significantly decreased the level of total protein (34%) as well as the activities of acetylcholinesterase (36%), α-carboxylesterase (34%) and alkaline phosphatase (49%). On the other hand, 40% increase in the level of acid phosphatase activity was recorded in these larvae. The Vectobar did not affect the level of β-carboxylesterase activity in the larvae of A. aegypti. This investigation clearly demonstrates differential modulation in the activities of esterases and phosphatases in Vectobar exposed larvae of A. aegypti.
Keywords	Aedes aegypti ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; acetylcholinesterase ; acid phosphatase ; alkaline phosphatase ; insect larvae ; insect vectors ; insecticidal properties ; instars ; mortality ; pesticides ; proteins ; pupae ; vector control
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-11
Size	p. 267-272.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184819-7
ISSN	1095-9939 ; 0048-3583 ; 0048-3575
ISSN (online)	1095-9939
ISSN	0048-3583 ; 0048-3575
DOI	10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.09.008
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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