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Article ; Online: Collective memory and the individual mind.

Rajaram, Suparna

2022 Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 1056–1058

Abstract: How does social transmission of information shape individual and collective memory? Taking a cognitive-experimental perspective, I propose three critical research themes to tackle in the next 25 years: the dynamic reciprocity of influence between the ... ...

Abstract	How does social transmission of information shape individual and collective memory? Taking a cognitive-experimental perspective, I propose three critical research themes to tackle in the next 25 years: the dynamic reciprocity of influence between the individual and the collective; changes in the individual and collective memory structures; and the impact of culture.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Memory ; Cognitive Science
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2010989-1
ISSN	1879-307X ; 1364-6613
ISSN (online)	1879-307X
ISSN	1364-6613
DOI	10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.014
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Article ; Online: Collective memory: Collaborative recall synchronizes what and how people remember.

Greeley, Garrett D / Rajaram, Suparna

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science

2023 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e1641

Abstract: Memory researchers and theorists have long advanced the idea that the manner in which information is retrieved is critical. The way retrieval unfolds provides critical insights into how memories are organized and accessed-an important aspect of memory ... ...

Abstract	Memory researchers and theorists have long advanced the idea that the manner in which information is retrieved is critical. The way retrieval unfolds provides critical insights into how memories are organized and accessed-an important aspect of memory missed by focusing only on quantity. Cognitive studies of memory in social contexts, deploying the collaborative memory paradigm, have also noted the importance of such retrieval organization. Such memory studies often focus on how relative to "groups" that never collaborated, former members of collaborating groups recall more of the same material (collective memory) and they do so in a more synchronized fashion (collective retrieval organization). In this review, we leverage the diverse methodological and quantitative toolkits that have traditionally targeted individual retrieval to highlight the ways in which this social memory research has examined collective memory and collective retrieval organization. To that end, we consider how the collaborative memory paradigm has integrated methods, such as free recall, that afford rich assessments of retrieval organization. Likewise, we consider the application of metrics that characterize organization patterns in different contexts. With this background in mind, we discuss the important theoretical and broader implications of research on collective memory and collective retrieval organization. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cooperative Behavior ; Mental Recall
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2553336-8
ISSN	1939-5086 ; 1939-5078
ISSN (online)	1939-5086
ISSN	1939-5078
DOI	10.1002/wcs.1641
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Article ; Online: Consideration of culture in cognition: How we can enrich methodology and theory.

Gutchess, Angela / Rajaram, Suparna

Psychonomic bulletin & review

2022 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 914–931

Abstract: In this paper, we argue that adopting an inclusive approach where diverse cultures are represented in research is of prime importance for cognitive psychology. The overrepresentation of participant samples and researchers from WEIRD (Western, Educated, ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we argue that adopting an inclusive approach where diverse cultures are represented in research is of prime importance for cognitive psychology. The overrepresentation of participant samples and researchers from WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) cultures limits the generalizability of findings and fails to capture potential sources of variability, impeding understanding of human cognition. In an analysis of articles in representative cognitive psychology journals over the five-year period of 2016-2020, we find that only approximately 7% of articles consider culture, broadly defined. Of these articles, a majority (83%) focus on language or bilingualism, with small numbers of articles considering other aspects of culture. We argue that methodology and theory developed in the last century of cognitive research not only can be leveraged, but will be enriched by greater diversity in both populations and researchers. Such advances pave the way to uncover cognitive processes that may be universal or systematically differ as a function of cultural variations, and the individual differences in relation to cultural variations. To make a case for broadening this scope, we characterize relevant cross-cultural research, sample classic cognitive research that is congruent with such an approach, and discuss compatibility between a cross-cultural perspective and the classic tenets of cognitive psychology. We make recommendations for large and small steps for the field to incorporate greater cultural representation in the study of cognition, while recognizing the challenges associated with these efforts and acknowledging that not every research question calls for a cross-cultural perspective.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cognition ; Culture
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2031311-1
ISSN	1531-5320 ; 1069-9384
ISSN (online)	1531-5320
ISSN	1069-9384
DOI	10.3758/s13423-022-02227-5
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Article ; Online: Unavoidable social contagion of false memory from robots to humans.

Huang, Tsung-Ren / Cheng, Yu-Lan / Rajaram, Suparna

The American psychologist

2023 Volume 79, Issue 2, Page(s) 285–298

Abstract: Many of us interact with voice- or text-based conversational agents daily, but these conversational agents may unintentionally retrieve misinformation from human knowledge databases, confabulate responses on their own, or purposefully spread ... ...

Abstract	Many of us interact with voice- or text-based conversational agents daily, but these conversational agents may unintentionally retrieve misinformation from human knowledge databases, confabulate responses on their own, or purposefully spread disinformation for political purposes. Does such misinformation or disinformation become part of our memory to further misguide our decisions? If so, can we prevent humans from suffering such social contagion of false memory? Using a social contagion of memory paradigm, here, we precisely controlled a social robot as an example of these emerging conversational agents. In a series of two experiments (Σ
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Robotics ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Social Interaction ; Memory/physiology ; Recognition, Psychology/physiology ; Communication
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209464-2
ISSN	1935-990X ; 0003-066X
ISSN (online)	1935-990X
ISSN	0003-066X
DOI	10.1037/amp0001230
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Article ; Online: Deceitful Hints: a Meta-Analytic Review of the Part-List Cuing Impairment in Recall.

Pepe, Nicholas W / Moyer, Anne / Peña, Tori / Rajaram, Suparna

Psychonomic bulletin & review

2023 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 1243–1272

Abstract: A large body of research in the study of memory has accumulated to date on the part-list cuing impairment in recall. This phenomenon refers to the lower recall of studied information in the presence of some studied words provided as retrieval cues ... ...

Abstract	A large body of research in the study of memory has accumulated to date on the part-list cuing impairment in recall. This phenomenon refers to the lower recall of studied information in the presence of some studied words provided as retrieval cues compared to when no cues are provided. We review the current literature on the part-list cuing impairment in recall and report a meta-analysis utilizing the procedural and statistical information obtained from 109 samples (N = 5,605). In each experiment, participants studied a list of words and subsequently performed a recall task either in the presence or absence of part-list cues. The meta-analysis shows that the part-list cuing impairment is a robust, medium-sized impairment (Cohen, 1988). This recall impairment was not significantly sensitive to the number of study items provided, the relationship among study items, the number of part-list cues provided, the amount of time provided for recall, or certain other factors of interest. Our analyses also demonstrate that longer retention periods between study and retrieval mitigate the part-list cuing impairment in recall. We discuss the implications of meta-analysis results for elements of experimental design, the findings of past literature, as well as the underlying theoretical mechanisms proposed to account for this impairment in recall and the applied consequences of this recall impairment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Recall ; Cues ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2031311-1
ISSN	1531-5320 ; 1069-9384
ISSN (online)	1531-5320
ISSN	1069-9384
DOI	10.3758/s13423-023-02263-9
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Article ; Online: Personal and collective mental time travel across the adult lifespan during COVID-19.

Burnett, Lois K / Peña, Tori / Rajaram, Suparna / Richmond, Lauren L

Psychology and aging

2023 Volume 38, Issue 5, Page(s) 374–388

Abstract: Older adults exhibit ... ...

Abstract	Older adults exhibit an
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Longevity ; Pandemics ; Aging ; COVID-19 ; Emotions/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	635596-1
ISSN	1939-1498 ; 0882-7974
ISSN (online)	1939-1498
ISSN	0882-7974
DOI	10.1037/pag0000758
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Article ; Online: Collaborative Recall and the Construction of Collective Memory Organization: The Impact of Group Structure.

Greeley, Garrett D / Chan, Vanessa / Choi, Hae-Yoon / Rajaram, Suparna

Topics in cognitive science

2023 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 282–301

Abstract: Collaborative recall synchronizes downstream individual retrieval processes, giving rise to collective organization. However, little is known about whether particular stimulus features (e.g., semantic relatedness) are necessary for constructing ... ...

Abstract	Collaborative recall synchronizes downstream individual retrieval processes, giving rise to collective organization. However, little is known about whether particular stimulus features (e.g., semantic relatedness) are necessary for constructing collective organization and how group dynamics (e.g., reconfiguration) moderates it. We leveraged novel quantitative measures and a rich dataset reported in recent articles to address, (a) whether collective organization emerges even for semantically unrelated material and (b) how group reconfiguration-changing partners from one recall to the next-influences collective organization. Participants studied unrelated words and completed three consecutive recalls in one of three conditions: Always recalling individually (III), collaborating with the same partners twice before recalling alone (CCI), or collaborating with different group members during two initial recalls, before recalling alone (CRI). Collective organization increased significantly following any collaboration (CCI or CRI), relative to "groups" who never collaborated (III). Interestingly, collaborating repeatedly with the same partners (CCI) did not increase collective organization compared to reconfigured groups, irrespective of the reference group structure (from Recall 1 or 2). Individuals, however, did tend to base their final individual retrieval on the most recent group recall. We discuss how the fundamental processes that underlie dynamic social interactions align the cognitive processes of many, laying the foundation for other collective phenomena, including shared biases, attitudes, and beliefs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Group Structure ; Cooperative Behavior ; Mental Recall ; Social Interaction
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2482883-X
ISSN	1756-8765 ; 1756-8757
ISSN (online)	1756-8765
ISSN	1756-8757
DOI	10.1111/tops.12639
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Article ; Online: Episodic Memory Performance Modifies the Strength of the Age-Brain Structure Relationship.

Richmond, Lauren L / Brackins, Timothy / Rajaram, Suparna

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 7

Abstract: The bivariate relationships between brain structure, age, and episodic memory performance are well understood. Advancing age and poorer episodic memory performance are each associated with smaller brain volumes and lower cortical thickness measures, ... ...

Abstract	The bivariate relationships between brain structure, age, and episodic memory performance are well understood. Advancing age and poorer episodic memory performance are each associated with smaller brain volumes and lower cortical thickness measures, respectively. Advancing age is also known to be associated with poorer episodic memory task scores on average. However, the simultaneous interrelationship between all three factors-brain structure, age, and episodic memory-is not as well understood. We tested the hypothesis that the preservation of episodic memory function would modify the typical trajectory of age-related brain volume loss in regions known to support episodic memory function using linear mixed models in a large adult lifespan sample. We found that the model allowing for age and episodic memory scores to interact predicted the hippocampal volume better than simpler models. Furthermore, we found that a model including a fixed effect for age and episodic memory scores (but without the inclusion of the interaction term) predicted the cortical volumes marginally better than a simpler model in the prefrontal regions and significantly better in the posterior parietal regions. Finally, we observed that a model containing only a fixed effect for age (e.g., without the inclusion of memory scores) predicted the cortical thickness estimates and regional volume in a non-memory control region. Together, our findings provide support for the idea that the preservation of memory function in late life can buffer against typical patterns of age-related brain volume loss in regions known to support episodic memory.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Cognition ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory Disorders ; Memory, Episodic ; Neuropsychological Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19074364
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Article ; Online: Persistence of false memories and emergence of collective false memory: collaborative recall of DRM word lists.

Maswood, Raeya / Luhmann, Christian C / Rajaram, Suparna

Memory (Hove, England)

2021 , Page(s) 1–15

Abstract: Information and misinformation are proliferating on social media. A rapid rise in the use of these platforms makes it important to identify psychological mechanisms that underlie the production, propagation, and convergence of false memories in groups. ... ...

Abstract	Information and misinformation are proliferating on social media. A rapid rise in the use of these platforms makes it important to identify psychological mechanisms that underlie the production, propagation, and convergence of false memories in groups. Websites and social media platforms vary in the extent of restrictions placed on interactive communication (e.g., group chats, threaded or disabled comments, direct messaging), prompting questions about the impact of different interaction styles on false memory production. We tested this question in a laboratory analog of interaction styles and compared two well-known procedures of collaboration, free-for-all and turn-taking. To expose participants to information known to promote recall of both true and false information, we used the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) word lists (Roediger & McDermott, 1995). Participants recalled these words using free-for-all collaboration, turn-taking collaboration, or individually. Next, all participants individually recalled the studied items. Turn-taking produced more false memories in group recall than did free-for-all collaboration, replicating past findings. Novel findings showed that former group members exhibited social contagion following both interaction styles, where they produced more false information in later individual recall and exhibited collective false memories. We discuss the implications for the emergence and convergence of true and false memories among users online.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1147478-6
ISSN	1464-0686 ; 0965-8211
ISSN (online)	1464-0686
ISSN	0965-8211
DOI	10.1080/09658211.2021.1928222
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Zs.A 5983: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Social Transmission of False Memory in Small Groups and Large Networks.

Maswood, Raeya / Rajaram, Suparna

Topics in cognitive science

2018 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 687–709

Abstract: Sharing information and memories is a key feature of social interactions, making social contexts important for developing and transmitting accurate memories and also false memories. False memory transmission can have wide-ranging effects, including ... ...

Abstract	Sharing information and memories is a key feature of social interactions, making social contexts important for developing and transmitting accurate memories and also false memories. False memory transmission can have wide-ranging effects, including shaping personal memories of individuals as well as collective memories of a network of people. This paper reviews a collection of key findings and explanations in cognitive research on the transmission of false memories in small groups. It also reviews the emerging experimental work on larger networks and collective false memories. Given the reconstructive nature of memory, the abundance of misinformation in everyday life, and the variety of social structures in which people interact, an understanding of transmission of false memories has both scientific and societal implications.
MeSH term(s)	Cognitive Science/methods ; Communication ; Comprehension/physiology ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Memory/physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Repression, Psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2482883-X
ISSN	1756-8765 ; 1756-8757
ISSN (online)	1756-8765
ISSN	1756-8757
DOI	10.1111/tops.12348
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