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Article ; Online: Etymologia

Vijay Sharma / Rajnish Sharma / Balbir B. Singh

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 29, Iss 8, Pp 1547-

Reproduction Number

2023 Volume 1547

Keywords	etymologia ; reproduction number ; basic reproductive number ; R0 ; effective reproductive number ; Rt ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Editorial

Balbir B. Singh / Ranjani Somayaji / Rajnish Sharma / Herman W. Barkema / Baljit Singh

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

Zoonoses - a one health approach

2023 Volume 11

Keywords	zoonoses ; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ; one health ; emerging zoonoses ; endemic zoonoses ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genetic assessment and potence ratio of various traits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh

AMAN DEEP RANGA / AMIT VIKRAM / RAMESH KUMAR / RAJESH K DOGRA / RAJNISH SHARMA / MUKESH KUMAR BAIRWA

The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 94, Iss

2024 Volume 1

Abstract: The selection of appropriate breeding strategies for achieving desired improvements in plant breeding necessitates a thorough understanding of the mechanism of gene expression implicated in the transmission of quantitative and biochemical characteristics. ...

Abstract	The selection of appropriate breeding strategies for achieving desired improvements in plant breeding necessitates a thorough understanding of the mechanism of gene expression implicated in the transmission of quantitative and biochemical characteristics. Line × tester study of 30 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing 13 parental lines was carried out to assess gene action and potence ratio of such traits in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at research farm of Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. Out of 22 traits, 20 indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene action and additive gene action for plant height and inter-nodal length. UHFO-6 and UHFO-9 were the best general combiners, whereas, UHFO-2 × Pusa Bhindi-5 and UHFO-10 × Hisar Unnat were the best specific combiners. For 20 traits, proportional contribution of lines was higher than the testers for total variance. Potence ratio indicated that majority of the traits in the hybrids had over dominance gene effect. Over dominance was expressed for pod length, pod diameter, number of pods per plant, average pod weight, and pod yield per plant, etc. To maximize the entire genetic potential of hybrids and parents with excellent per se performance, okra crop development initiatives must include heterosis, combining ability, proportionate contribution of genotypes and potence ratio.
Keywords	Gene action ; Inheritance ; Over dominance ; Potence ratio ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genome Editing Technology for Genetic Amelioration of Fruits and Vegetables for Alleviating Post-Harvest Loss

Chanchal Kumari / Megha Sharma / Vinay Kumar / Rajnish Sharma / Parul Sharma / Pankaj Kumar / Mohammad Irfan

Bioengineering, Vol 9, Iss 176, p

2022 Volume 176

Abstract: Food security and crop production are challenged worldwide due to overpopulation, changing environmental conditions, crop establishment failure, and various kinds of post-harvest losses. The demand for high-quality foods with improved nutritional quality ...

Abstract	Food security and crop production are challenged worldwide due to overpopulation, changing environmental conditions, crop establishment failure, and various kinds of post-harvest losses. The demand for high-quality foods with improved nutritional quality is also growing day by day. Therefore, production of high-quality produce and reducing post-harvest losses of produce, particularly of perishable fruits and vegetables, are vital. For many decades, attempts have been made to improve the post-harvest quality traits of horticultural crops. Recently, modern genetic tools such as genome editing emerged as a new approach to manage and overcome post-harvest effectively and efficiently. The different genome editing tools including ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 system effectively introduce mutations (In Dels) in many horticultural crops to address and resolve the issues associated with post-harvest storage quality. Henceforth, we provide a broad review of genome editing applications in horticulture crops to improve post-harvest stability traits such as shelf life, texture, and resistance to pathogens without compromising nutritional value. Moreover, major roadblocks, challenges, and their possible solutions for employing genome editing tools are also discussed.
Keywords	post-harvest loss ; genetic engineering ; genome editing ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; horticultural crops ; fruits ; Technology ; T ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	670
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: One Health activities to reinforce intersectoral coordination at local levels in India

Jessica Taaffe / Rajnish Sharma / Aravindh Babu R. Parthiban / Jaswinder Singh / Paviter Kaur / Balbir B. Singh / Jatinder P. S. Gill / Dhinakar Raj Gopal / Navneet K. Dhand / Falgunee K. Parekh

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: India's dense human and animal populations, agricultural economy, changing environment, and social dynamics support conditions for emergence/re-emergence of zoonotic diseases that necessitate a One Health (OH) approach for control. In addition to OH ... ...

Abstract	India's dense human and animal populations, agricultural economy, changing environment, and social dynamics support conditions for emergence/re-emergence of zoonotic diseases that necessitate a One Health (OH) approach for control. In addition to OH national level frameworks, effective OH driven strategies that promote local intersectoral coordination and collaboration are needed to truly address zoonotic diseases in India. We conducted a literature review to assess the landscape of OH activities at local levels in India that featured intersectoral coordination and collaboration and supplemented it with our own experience conducting OH related activities with local partners. We identified key themes and examples in local OH activities. Our landscape assessment demonstrated that intersectoral collaboration primarily occurs through specific research activities and during outbreaks, however, there is limited formal coordination among veterinary, medical, and environmental professionals on the day-to-day prevention and detection of zoonotic diseases at district/sub-district levels in India. Examples of local OH driven intersectoral coordination include the essential role of veterinarians in COVID-19 diagnostics, testing of human samples in veterinary labs for Brucella and leptospirosis in Punjab and Tamil Nadu, respectively, and implementation of OH education targeted to school children and farmers in rural communities. There is an opportunity to strengthen local intersectoral coordination between animal, human and environmental health sectors by building on these activities and formalizing the existing collaborative networks. As India moves forward with broad OH initiatives, OH networks and experience at the local level from previous or ongoing activities can support implementation from the ground up.
Keywords	One Health ; India ; intersectoral collaboration ; zoonotic diseases ; emerging infectious diseases ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Evaluation of Genetic Relatedness Among Temperate Pome Fruit Crops of Family Rosaceae Using Arbitrary Oligonucleotide Markers

Sharma, Himani / Parul Sharma / Rajnish Sharma

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B: biological sciences. 2018 Mar., v. 88, no. 1

2018

Abstract: A rationale use of the genetic resources in breeding programs requires an understanding of relationships within and among related crop varieties. In the present study, genetic relatedness among fifty genotypes of temperate pome fruit crops (apple, pear, ... ...

Abstract	A rationale use of the genetic resources in breeding programs requires an understanding of relationships within and among related crop varieties. In the present study, genetic relatedness among fifty genotypes of temperate pome fruit crops (apple, pear, quince and loquat) of family Rosaceae growing in Himachal Pradesh (India) was tested using arbitrary oligonucleotide random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular marker analyses. The level of polymorphism across the subjected genotypes was 97.29 and 97.45 % by RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively. The dendrograms derived from RAPD and ISSR analysis grouped temperate pome fruit crops into two major clusters comprising of 40 and 10 genotypes which branched at similarity value of 0.31 and 0.33, respectively. Estimates of pooled similarity coefficient ranging from 0.30 to 0.94 indicated their promise for application to future molecular screening, map construction and comparative genomic studies, etc. Therefore, these results could be helpful in framing more extensive studies on the determined taxa.
Keywords	Rosaceae ; apples ; breeding programs ; cultivars ; fruit crops ; genetic markers ; genetic relationships ; genomics ; genotype ; loquats ; microsatellite repeats ; oligonucleotides ; pears ; quinces ; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique ; screening ; temperate fruits ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-03
Size	p. 191-198.
Publishing place	Springer India
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2707745-7
ISSN	2250-1746 ; 0369-8211
ISSN (online)	2250-1746
ISSN	0369-8211
DOI	10.1007/s40011-016-0746-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence, molecular detection and risk factors investigation for the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in slaughter pigs in North India

Rashmi Thakur / Rajnish Sharma / R. S. Aulakh / J. P. S. Gill / B. B. Singh

BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 7

Abstract: Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii, an important food borne zoonotic parasite, infects almost all warm-blooded animals including pigs. People primarily become infected with T. gondii via consuming meat of infected animals. Status of T. gondii is ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii, an important food borne zoonotic parasite, infects almost all warm-blooded animals including pigs. People primarily become infected with T. gondii via consuming meat of infected animals. Status of T. gondii is largely unknown in pigs in India including northern regions. We, therefore, determined the prevalence of T. gondii infection in pigs from North India. Results DNA of T. gondii was detected in 6.7% (54/810) of the tested slaughter pigs. Highest prevalence was observed in pigs from Punjab (8.2%) followed by Chandigarh (5.3%) and Uttarakhand (4.8%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates from pigs had 96–100% nucleotide identity with Type I RH strain (AF179871), 96–99.7% with VEG type III strain (LN714499) and 67–72% with type II ME 49 strain (XM002370240). However, low level of polymorphism in the targeted B1 gene did not allow the determination of the clonal lineages of the isolates. Antibodies against T. gondii was reported in 48.3% (73/151) of the sera obtained from pigs slaughtered at Chandigarh abattoir, and scavenging by pigs was a significant risk factor. Conclusion Prevalence of T. gondii DNA was low in pigs in North India, however, presence of the parasite warrants food safety concerns. Further studies are required to identify the clonal lineage of T. gondii circulating in pigs reared in North India. Pig farmers should be educated about the hygienic management practices.
Keywords	India ; Pigs ; Prevalence ; Toxoplasma gondii ; Zoonosis ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Canada Lynx ( Lynx canadensis ) as Potential Reservoirs and Sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii in Northern Canada

Émilie Bouchard / Rajnish Sharma / Adrián Hernández-Ortiz / Thomas S. Jung / N. Jane Harms / Caitlin N. Willier / Rudy Boonstra / Yasmine N. Majchrzak / Michael J. L. Peers / Géraldine-G. Gouin / Batol Al-Adhami / Audrey Simon / Patrick Leighton / Emily J. Jenkins

Zoonotic Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 6-

2023 Volume 17

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite globally infecting a wide range of species, including humans. Felids are the only known hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts into ecosystems. In boreal regions, Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis ) ... ...

Abstract	Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite globally infecting a wide range of species, including humans. Felids are the only known hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts into ecosystems. In boreal regions, Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis ) are sought by hunters primarily for their fur, and they are occasionally eaten. We examined carcasses salvaged from trappers from boreal regions of eastern ( n = 97) and western ( n = 357) Canada. We detected T. gondii antibodies in fluid from thawed heart tissue using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, DNA in brain and heart via magnetic capture and real-time PCR assay, and presence of DNA in feces using a real-time PCR with melt curve analysis. We detected antibodies against T. gondii and DNA in tissues in 24% and 19% of lynx, respectively. One lynx was positive for DNA of T. gondii in feces, which could indicate intestinal infection and potential for shedding oocysts. Our results indicate that lynx may be a useful sentinel species for monitoring environmental circulation of T. gondii in northern boreal regions and may pose a risk for transmission to other wildlife and to people handling or consuming lynx.
Keywords	Canada lynx ; ELISA ; MC-qPCR ; melt-curve analysis ; sentinel species ; Toxoplasma gondii ; Animal biochemistry ; QP501-801 ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pathology, clinical signs, and tissue distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in experimentally infected reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

Émilie Bouchard / Rajnish Sharma / Nicholas Bachand / Alvin A. Gajadhar / Emily J. Jenkins

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp 234-

2017 Volume 240

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite found in vertebrates worldwide for which felids serve as definitive hosts. Despite low densities of felids in northern Canada, Inuit people in some regions show unexpectedly high levels of exposure, possibly ... ...

Abstract	Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite found in vertebrates worldwide for which felids serve as definitive hosts. Despite low densities of felids in northern Canada, Inuit people in some regions show unexpectedly high levels of exposure, possibly through handling and consumption of Arctic wildlife. Free-ranging caribou (Rangifer tarandus) are widely harvested for food across the Canadian North, show evidence of seroexposure to T. gondii, and are currently declining in numbers throughout the Arctic. We experimentally infected three captive reindeer (conspecific with caribou) with 1000, 5000 or 10,000 oocysts of T. gondii via stomach intubation to assess clinical signs of infection, pathology, and tissue distribution. An unexposed reindeer served as a negative control. Signs of stress, aggression, and depression were noted for the first two weeks following infection. By 4 weeks post infection, all infected reindeer were positive on a modified agglutination test at the highest titer tested (1:200) for antibodies to T. gondii. At 20 weeks post infection, no gross abnormalities were observed on necropsy. Following histopathology and immunohistochemistry, tissue cysts were visualized in the reindeer given the highest and lowest dose of oocysts. Focal pleuritis and alveolitis were associated with respiratory problems in reindeer given the middle dose. DNA of T. gondii was detected following traditional DNA extraction and conventional PCR on 25 mg samples from 17/33 muscles and organs, and by magnetic capture DNA extraction from 100 g samples from all 26 tissues examined. This research demonstrated that reindeer/caribou can serve as intermediate hosts for T. gondii, and that the parasite may be associated with health effects in wildlife. The presence of T. gondii in all tissues tested, many of which are commonly consumed raw, smoked, or dried in northern communities, suggests that caribou may serve as a source of human exposure to T. gondii. Keywords: Experimental infection, Magnetic capture, Reindeer, Toxoplasma
Keywords	Zoology ; QL1-991
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Role of fluoroethyl tyrosine positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan in differentiating ewing's sarcoma from osteomyelitis

Hitesh Aggarwal / Maria D'souza / Puja Panwar / Neeru Jyotsna / Tauheed Alvi / Yachna Solanki / Tarakant Kumar / Rajnish Sharma

World Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Vol 18, Iss 01, Pp 77-

2019 Volume 80

Abstract: Ewing's sarcoma is a kind of undifferentiated reticulocytic sarcoma, which was first reported in 1921 by James Ewing. It is difficult to differentiate Ewing's sarcoma from osteomyelitis on computed tomography (CT) and X-ray and hence cytological ... ...

Abstract	Ewing's sarcoma is a kind of undifferentiated reticulocytic sarcoma, which was first reported in 1921 by James Ewing. It is difficult to differentiate Ewing's sarcoma from osteomyelitis on computed tomography (CT) and X-ray and hence cytological confirmation is needed. Fluorodeoxy glucose being a nonspecific tracer cannot differentiate between malignant and inflammatory lesions. However, it is found that Ewing's sarcoma has increased LAT1 transporter expression at the cell surface. This property has been utilized to specifically target the tumor cells and differentiate them from inflammatory lesions. 18F-fluoroethyl tyrosine (FET) is a radiotracer which shows increased uptake in tumors having LAT1 expression and no uptake in inflammatory lesions. Thus, FET positron emission tomography-computed tomography can serve as a useful tool in diagnosing recurrence or residual Ewing's sarcoma from infective pathology. Besides, it is also helpful in monitoring response to therapy.
Keywords	ewing's sarcoma ; flouro-ethyl tyrosine ; osteomyelitis ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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