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Article ; Online: Infektionen mit humanen Adenoviren

Albert Heim / Ralf Dürrwald

2019

Abstract: Infektionen mit humanen Adenoviren Das Epidemiologische Bulletin 22/2019 gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Aspekte von Infektionen mit humanen Adenoviren. Diese sind als Erreger von Atemwegs- und Durchfallerkrankungen sowie Bindehautentzündungen ... ...

Abstract	Infektionen mit humanen Adenoviren Das Epidemiologische Bulletin 22/2019 gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Aspekte von Infektionen mit humanen Adenoviren. Diese sind als Erreger von Atemwegs- und Durchfallerkrankungen sowie Bindehautentzündungen weit verbreitet, verursachen aber nur selten schwere Krankheitsverläufe beim Menschen. Besonders in Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen kann es gehäuft zu Infektionen und räumlich begrenzten Epidemien kommen. Es sind eine Vielzahl von Adenovirus-Typen beschrieben. Vom Adenovirus-Typ-7 (und einigen anderen Virustypen) ist bekannt, dass das Virus bei Kindern und Kleinkindern und auch bei jungen, bislang gesunden Erwachsenen hin und wieder schwere Infektionen der unteren Atemwege verursachen kann. Infektionen sind auch ein Problem in der Transplantationsmedizin und bei Patienten mit zugrundeliegenden Erkrankungen des Immunsystems.
Keywords	Adenovirus ; Ausbruch ; Bindehautentzündung ; Immunsuppression ; Hygiene ; 610 Medizin und Gesundheit ; ddc:610
Language	German
Publishing date	2019-05-29
Publisher	Robert Koch-Institut
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Surveillance of endemic human Coronaviruses in Germany, 2019/2020

Barbara Biere / Djin-Ye Oh / Thorsten Wolff / Ralf Dürrwald

The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, Vol 11, Iss , Pp 100262- (2021)

2021

Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Different populations of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in a patient with hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Yuguang Fu / Marianne Wedde / Sigrun Smola / Djin-Ye Oh / Thorsten Pfuhl / Jürgen Rissland / Michael Zemlin / Fidelis A. Flockerzi / Rainer M. Bohle / Andrea Thürmer / Susanne Duwe / Barbara Biere / Janine Reiche / Brunhilde Schweiger / Christin Mache / Thorsten Wolff / Georg Herrler / Ralf Dürrwald

International Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol 314, Iss , Pp 151598- (2024)

2024

Abstract: Respiratory viral infections may have different impacts ranging from infection without symptoms to severe disease or even death though the reasons are not well characterized.A patient (age group 5–15 years) displaying symptoms of hemolytic uremic ... ...

Abstract	Respiratory viral infections may have different impacts ranging from infection without symptoms to severe disease or even death though the reasons are not well characterized.A patient (age group 5–15 years) displaying symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome died one day after hospitalization. qPCR, next generation sequencing, virus isolation, antigenic characterization, resistance analysis was performed and virus replication kinetics in well-differentiated airway cells were determined.Autopsy revealed hemorrhagic pneumonia as major pathological manifestation. Lung samples harbored a large population of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses with the polymorphism H456H/Y in PB1 polymerase. The H456H/Y viruses replicated much faster to high viral titers than upper respiratory tract viruses in vitro. H456H/Y-infected air-liquid interface cultures of differentiated airway epithelial cells did reflect a more pronounced loss of ciliated cells. A different pattern of virus quasispecies was found in the upper airway samples where substitution S263S/F (HA1) was observed.The data support the notion that viral quasispecies had evolved locally in the lung to support high replicative fitness. This change may have initiated further pathogenic processes leading to rapid dissemination of inflammatory mediators followed by development of hemorrhagic lung lesions and fatal outcome.
Keywords	A(H1N1)pdm09 virus ; Fatal influenza ; S263S/F (HA1) and H456H/Y (PB1) mutations ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel reassortant swine H3N2 influenza A viruses in Germany

Roland Zell / Marco Groth / Andi Krumbholz / Jeannette Lange / Anja Philipps / Ralf Dürrwald

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Analysis of 228 H3N2 swine influenza A virus isolates collected between 2003 and 2015 in Germany revealed important changes in molecular epidemiology. The data indicate that a novel reassortant, Rietberg/2014-like swine H3N2, emerged in February ...

Abstract	Abstract Analysis of 228 H3N2 swine influenza A virus isolates collected between 2003 and 2015 in Germany revealed important changes in molecular epidemiology. The data indicate that a novel reassortant, Rietberg/2014-like swine H3N2, emerged in February 2014 in Northern Germany. It is comprised of a hemagglutinin gene of seasonal H3N2 (A/Denmark/129/2005-like), a neuraminidase gene of Emmelsbuell/2009-like swine H1N2 and the internal gene cassette of pandemic H1N1 viruses. Together with Danish swine H3N2 strains of 2013–2015 with identical genome layout, the Rietberg/2014-like viruses represent a second swine H3N2 lineage which cocirculates with a variant of the Gent/1984-like swine H3N2 lineage. This variant, named Gent1984/Diepholz-like swine H3N2, has a Gent/1984-like HA and a Diepholz/2008-like NA; the origin of the internal gene cassette likely derived from avian-like swine H1N1. The first isolate of the Gent1984/Diepholz reassortant emerged in Northern Germany in September 2011 whereas the last German Gent/1984-like isolate was collected in October 2011.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness

Djin-Ye Oh / Barbara Biere / Markus Grenz / Thorsten Wolff / Brunhilde Schweiger / Ralf Dürrwald / Janine Reiche

Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 1508, p

Germany, 2015–2019

2021 Volume 1508

Abstract: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of respiratory illness, especially in young children. However, surveillance for HPIV is rarely performed continuously, and national-level epidemiologic and genetic data are scarce. Within the ... ...

Abstract	Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of respiratory illness, especially in young children. However, surveillance for HPIV is rarely performed continuously, and national-level epidemiologic and genetic data are scarce. Within the German sentinel system, to monitor acute respiratory infections (ARI), 4463 respiratory specimens collected from outpatients < 5 years of age between October 2015 and September 2019 were retrospectively screened for HPIV 1–4 using real-time PCR. HPIV was identified in 459 (10%) samples. HPIV-3 was the most common HPIV-type, with 234 detections, followed by HPIV-1 (113), HPIV-4 (61), and HPIV-2 (49). HPIV-3 was more frequently associated with age < 2 years, and HPIV-4 was more frequently associated with pneumonia compared to other HPIV types. HPIV circulation displayed distinct seasonal patterns, which appeared to vary by type. Phylogenetic characterization clustered HPIV-1 in Clades 2 and 3. Reclassification was performed for HPIV-2, provisionally assigning two distinct HPIV-2 groups and six clades, with German HPIV-2s clustering in Clade 2.4. HPIV-3 clustered in C1, C3, C5, and, interestingly, in A. HPIV-4 clustered in Clades 2.1 and 2.2. The results of this study may serve to inform future approaches to diagnose and prevent HPIV infections, which contribute substantially to ARI in young children in Germany.
Keywords	human parainfluenza virus ; orthorubulavirus ; respirovirus ; acute respiratory infection ; influenza-like illness ; croup ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is attenuated for replication in a polarized human lung epithelial cell model

Christin Mache / Jessica Schulze / Gudrun Holland / Daniel Bourquain / Jean-Marc Gensch / Djin-Ye Oh / Andreas Nitsche / Ralf Dürrwald / Michael Laue / Thorsten Wolff

Communications Biology, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Human alveolar epithelial lentivirus immortalized cells are very permissive for human coronaviruses and influenza A viruses, provided a suitable model for such infections of the lower respiratory tract as shown by reduced propagation of the SARS-CoV-2 ... ...

Abstract	Human alveolar epithelial lentivirus immortalized cells are very permissive for human coronaviruses and influenza A viruses, provided a suitable model for such infections of the lower respiratory tract as shown by reduced propagation of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The bicolored white-toothed shrew Crocidura leucodon (HERMANN 1780) is an indigenous host of mammalian Borna disease virus.

Ralf Dürrwald / Jolanta Kolodziejek / Herbert Weissenböck / Norbert Nowotny

PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 4, p e

2014 Volume 93659

Abstract: Borna disease (BD) is a sporadic neurologic disease of horses and sheep caused by mammalian Borna disease virus (BDV). Its unique epidemiological features include: limited occurrence in certain endemic regions of central Europe, yearly varying disease ... ...

Abstract	Borna disease (BD) is a sporadic neurologic disease of horses and sheep caused by mammalian Borna disease virus (BDV). Its unique epidemiological features include: limited occurrence in certain endemic regions of central Europe, yearly varying disease peaks, and a seasonal pattern with higher disease frequencies in spring and a disease nadir in autumn. It is most probably not directly transmitted between horses and sheep. All these features led to the assumption that an indigenous virus reservoir of BDV other than horses and sheep may exist. The search for such a reservoir had been unsuccessful until a few years ago five BDV-infected shrews were found in a BD-endemic area in Switzerland. So far, these data lacked further confirmation. We therefore initiated a study in shrews in endemic areas of Germany. Within five years 107 shrews of five different species were collected. BDV infections were identified in 14 individuals of the species bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon, HERMANN 1780), all originating from BD-endemic territories. Immunohistological analysis showed widespread distribution of BDV antigen both in the nervous system and in epithelial and mesenchymal tissues without pathological alterations. Large amounts of virus, demonstrated by presence of viral antigen in epithelial cells of the oral cavity and in keratinocytes of the skin, may be a source of infection for natural and spill-over hosts. Genetic analyses reflected a close relationship of the BDV sequences obtained from the shrews with the regional BDV cluster. At one location a high percentage of BDV-positive shrews was identified in four consecutive years, which points towards a self-sustaining infection cycle in bicolored white-toothed shrews. Analyses of behavioral and population features of this shrew species revealed that the bicolored white-toothed shrew may indeed play an important role as an indigenous host of BDV.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trends in respiratory virus circulation following COVID-19-targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions in Germany, January - September 2020

Djin-Ye Oh / Silke Buda / Barbara Biere / Janine Reiche / Frank Schlosser / Susanne Duwe / Marianne Wedde / Max von Kleist / Martin Mielke / Thorsten Wolff / Ralf Dürrwald

The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 100112- (2021)

Analysis of national surveillance data

2021

Abstract: Background: During the initial COVID-19 response, Germany's Federal Government implemented several nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that were instrumental in suppressing early exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2. NPI effect on the transmission of ... ...

Abstract	Background: During the initial COVID-19 response, Germany's Federal Government implemented several nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that were instrumental in suppressing early exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2. NPI effect on the transmission of other respiratory viruses has not been examined at the national level thus far. Methods: Upper respiratory tract specimens from 3580 patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI), collected within the nationwide German ARI Sentinel, underwent RT-PCR diagnostics for multiple respiratory viruses. The observation period (weeks 1-38 of 2020) included the time before, during and after a far-reaching contact ban. Detection rates for different viruses were compared to 2017-2019 sentinel data (15350 samples; week 1-38, 11823 samples). Findings: The March 2020 contact ban, which was followed by a mask mandate, was associated with an unprecedented and sustained decline of multiple respiratory viruses. Among these, rhinovirus was the single agent that resurged to levels equalling those of previous years. Rhinovirus rebound was first observed in children, after schools and daycares had reopened. By contrast, other nonenveloped viruses (i.e. gastroenteritis viruses reported at the national level) suppressed after the shutdown did not rebound. Interpretation: Contact restrictions with a subsequent mask mandate in spring may substantially reduce respiratory virus circulation. This reduction appears sustained for most viruses, indicating that the activity of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the subsequent winter season might be low,whereas rhinovirus resurgence, potentially driven by transmission in educational institutions in a setting of waning population immunity, might signal predominance of rhinovirus-related ARIs. Funding: Robert Koch-Institute and German Ministry of Health.
Keywords	Nonpharmaceutical interventions ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiratory virus ; Rhinovirus ; Surveillance ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: IFN-λ and microRNAs are important modulators of the pulmonary innate immune response against influenza A (H1N2) infection in pigs.

Louise Brogaard / Lars E Larsen / Peter M H Heegaard / Christian Anthon / Jan Gorodkin / Ralf Dürrwald / Kerstin Skovgaard

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e

2018 Volume 0194765

Abstract: The innate immune system is paramount in the response to and clearance of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in non-immune individuals. Known factors include type I and III interferons and antiviral pathogen recognition receptors, and the cascades of ... ...

Abstract	The innate immune system is paramount in the response to and clearance of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in non-immune individuals. Known factors include type I and III interferons and antiviral pathogen recognition receptors, and the cascades of antiviral and pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression they induce. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized to participate in post-transcriptional modulation of these responses, but the temporal dynamics of how these players of the antiviral innate immune response collaborate to combat infection remain poorly characterized. We quantified the expression of miRNAs and protein coding genes in the lungs of pigs 1, 3, and 14 days after challenge with swine IAV (H1N2). Through RT-qPCR we observed a 400-fold relative increase in IFN-λ3 gene expression on day 1 after challenge, and a strong interferon-mediated antiviral response was observed on days 1 and 3 accompanied by up-regulation of genes related to the pro-inflammatory response and apoptosis. Using small RNA sequencing and qPCR validation we found 27 miRNAs that were differentially expressed after challenge, with the highest number of regulated miRNAs observed on day 3. In contrast, the number of protein coding genes found to be regulated due to IAV infection peaked on day 1. Pulmonary miRNAs may thus be aimed at fine-tuning the initial rapid inflammatory response after IAV infection. Specifically, we found five miRNAs (ssc-miR-15a, ssc-miR-18a, ssc-miR-21, ssc-miR-29b, and hsa-miR-590-3p)-four known porcine miRNAs and one novel porcine miRNA candidate-to be potential modulators of viral pathogen recognition and apoptosis. A total of 11 miRNAs remained differentially expressed 14 days after challenge, at which point the infection had cleared. In conclusion, the results suggested a role for miRNAs both during acute infection as well as later, with the potential to influence lung homeostasis and susceptibility to secondary infections in the lungs of pigs after IAV infection.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Efficacy of influenza vaccination and tamiflu® treatment--comparative studies with Eurasian Swine influenza viruses in pigs.

Ralf Duerrwald / Michael Schlegel / Katja Bauer / Théophile Vissiennon / Peter Wutzler / Michaela Schmidtke

PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 4, p e

2013 Volume 61597

Abstract: Recent epidemiological developments demonstrated that gene segments of swine influenza A viruses can account for antigenic changes as well as reduced drug susceptibility of pandemic influenza A viruses. This raises questions about the efficacy of ... ...

Abstract	Recent epidemiological developments demonstrated that gene segments of swine influenza A viruses can account for antigenic changes as well as reduced drug susceptibility of pandemic influenza A viruses. This raises questions about the efficacy of preventive measures against swine influenza A viruses. Here, the protective effect of vaccination was compared with that of prophylactic Tamiflu® treatment against two Eurasian swine influenza A viruses. 11-week-old pigs were infected by aerosol nebulisation with high doses of influenza virus A/swine/Potsdam/15/1981 (H1N1/1981, heterologous challenge to H1N1 vaccine strain) and A/swine/Bakum/1832/2000 (H1N2/2000, homologous challenge to H1N2 vaccine strain) in two independent trials. In each trial (i) 10 pigs were vaccinated twice with a trivalent vaccine (RESPIPORC® FLU3; 28 and 7 days before infection), (ii) another 10 pigs received 150 mg/day of Tamiflu® for 5 days starting 12 h before infection, and (iii) 12 virus-infected pigs were left unvaccinated and untreated and served as controls. Both viruses replicated efficiently in porcine respiratory organs causing influenza with fever, dyspnoea, and pneumonia. Tamiflu® treatment as well as vaccination prevented clinical signs and significantly reduced virus shedding. Whereas after homologous challenge with H1N2/2000 no infectious virus in lung and hardly any lung inflammation were detected, the virus titre was not and the lung pathology was only partially reduced in H1N1/1981, heterologous challenged pigs. Tamiflu® application did not affect these study parameters. In conclusion, all tested preventive measures provided protection against disease. Vaccination additionally prevented virus replication and histopathological changes in the lung of homologous challenged pigs.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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