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Article: Guaiacol Hydrodeoxygenation and Hydrogenation over Bimetallic Pt-M (Nb, W, Zr)/KIT-6 Catalysts with Tunable Acidity

Xiao, Yang / Ramanathan, Anand / Subramaniam, Bala / Varma, Arvind

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering. 2022 Apr. 04, v. 10, no. 15

2022

Abstract: Owing to a high oxygen content, bio-oils from the fast pyrolysis of biomass require upgrading to meet fuel specification standards. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils faces several challenges such as low hydrocarbon yields, the requirement of ...

Abstract	Owing to a high oxygen content, bio-oils from the fast pyrolysis of biomass require upgrading to meet fuel specification standards. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils faces several challenges such as low hydrocarbon yields, the requirement of high H₂ partial pressure for complete deoxygenation, and catalyst deactivation caused by coking/carbon deposition. In the present work, Pt supported on Nb, W, and Zr-incorporated KIT-6 materials were prepared, characterized, and tested for the gas-phase HDO of guaiacol, a widely used model compound of bio-oil. Facile HDO of guaiacol was observed over a 1 wt % Pt/Nb-KIT-6 catalyst, with ∼90% conversion and ∼75% hydrocarbon selectivity under relatively mild hydrogen partial pressure (0.5 MPa) at 400 °C and 33 h–¹ weight hourly space velocity (WHSV). No significant catalyst deactivation was observed during a 24-h continuous run indicating that the mesoporous support provides enhanced coking resistance. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the tunable acidity of the supports promotes transalkylation reactions, which favor increased aromatic hydrocarbon yields. A plausible reaction mechanism is postulated based on correlating the number of metal and acid sites with the measured rates for the individual reaction steps.
Keywords	acidity ; biofuels ; biomass ; carbon ; catalysts ; green chemistry ; guaiacol ; hydrogen ; hydrogenation ; oxygen ; partial pressure ; porous media ; pyrolysis ; reaction mechanisms
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0404
Size	p. 4831-4838.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	2168-0485
DOI	10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07071
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Recycling of waste engine oil through pyrolysis process for the production of diesel like fuel and its uses in diesel engine

Santhoshkumar, A / Ramanathan, Anand

Energy. 2020 Apr. 15, v. 197

2020

Abstract: A comparative assessment of electrical and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of waste engine oil was carried out at 350 °C for the production of diesel-like fuel. The higher energy savings of MAP compared to electrical pyrolysis was found to be 56% at 1. ...

Abstract	A comparative assessment of electrical and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of waste engine oil was carried out at 350 °C for the production of diesel-like fuel. The higher energy savings of MAP compared to electrical pyrolysis was found to be 56% at 1.1 kW power supplied with maximum energy recovery being 26,807 kJ/kg. Hence, the diesel-like fuel obtained from MAP process was selected for further engine study. Physicochemical characteristics of microwave pyrolysis oil (MPO) such as calorific value, elemental analysis, GC-MS and FTIR were found to be on par with diesel. Also, the viscosity of MPO was more than that of diesel, which leads to poor combustion under standard operating condition. Therefore, engine studies were conducted using MPO under different fuel injection pressure of 200, 230, 260, 280, 300 and 340 bar for better combustion. The performance and emission analysis showed that the fuel injection pressure at 280 bar was the optimum condition when using MPO in a CI engine. There was a 4% improvement in brake thermal efficiency under the optimum condition compared to diesel. At the same time, carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitric oxide and smoke emissions decreased by 0.6%, 37.74%, 17.4% and 43.69% respectively.
Keywords	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; carbon monoxide ; combustion ; diesel engines ; emissions ; energy recovery ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; hydrocarbons ; microwave treatment ; nitric oxide ; oils ; pyrolysis ; pyrolysis oils ; recycling ; smoke ; viscosity ; wastes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0415
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2019804-8
ISSN	0360-5442 ; 0360-5442
ISSN (online)	0360-5442
ISSN	0360-5442
DOI	10.1016/j.energy.2020.117240
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Do Clear Cell Changes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Warrant It Being Recognised as a Variant?

Mahamad Apandi, Nurul Inaas / Ramanathan, Anand / Ismail, Siti Mazlipah / Ranganathan, Kannan

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e25057

Abstract: Histological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) include verrucous, basaloid, spindle cell, adenosquamous, papillary, and acantholytic types. Clear-cell changes in OSCC are rare. We report a case of a 65-year-old male Chinese patient who ... ...

Abstract	Histological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) include verrucous, basaloid, spindle cell, adenosquamous, papillary, and acantholytic types. Clear-cell changes in OSCC are rare. We report a case of a 65-year-old male Chinese patient who presented with a swelling in the lower-left mandible for three weeks, causing ill-fitting of his lower denture and an ulcer on the floor of the mouth. Histologically, the lesion showed a dense proliferation of malignant tumor cells arranged in islands and sheets consisting of squamoid cells intermixed with signet ring-shaped clear cells. The clear cells were negative for mucicarmine, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), periodic acid Schiff-diastase (PAS-D), and alcian blue (AB). Immunohistochemistry showed the tumor cells were immuno-positive for cytokeratin (CK) and p63, but CK7, CK20, and S100 were immuno-negative. Therefore, a metastatic tumor in the oral cavity was suggested. However, the CT scan did not show any primary tumors in other sites. Histopathologically, the surgical specimen showed signet-ring-shaped clear cells in the stroma with squamoid cells invading the underlying connective tissue from the surface epithelium, suggesting a diagnosis of clear cell changes in OSCC. Follow-up showed recurrent OSCC at the base of the tongue with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in the lung. Only a few cases of clear-cell changes have been reported, with most having a poor prognosis. This case report adds one more case of clear cell changes in the OSCC with a poor prognosis. We reviewed the literature to understand their clinical behavior. Due to the rarity of its (clear cell changes) occurrence, further research is required in order to obtain a better understanding of the clinical behavior and prognosis of these clear cell changes seen in OSCC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.25057
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Warthin Tumour Occurring As Synchronous Tumours: A Report of Two Cases.

Yc, Goh / Ramanathan, Anand / George Kallarakkal, Thomas / Kadir, Kathreena

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e22547

Abstract: Oral cancer is a common site of cancer worldwide with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) comprising the major segment. The risk factors include tobacco and alcohol abuse, betel quid, and areca nut consumption. Warthin tumour (WT), also known as ... ...

Abstract	Oral cancer is a common site of cancer worldwide with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) comprising the major segment. The risk factors include tobacco and alcohol abuse, betel quid, and areca nut consumption. Warthin tumour (WT), also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum is a benign tumour of the salivary gland. It is one of the most common benign parotid neoplasms with cigarette smoking and radiation exposure as possible cited etiologic factors. Rarely, two or more histologically distinct neoplasms may occur synchronously. The synchronous occurrence of OSCC and WT is infrequent. The aim of this case series is to report the incidence rate of synchronous OSCC and WT in our centre between 2010 and 2019 and their socio-demographic, clinical, histopathological features, management, and prognosis and discuss the relevant literature. Out of 143 OSCC cases reported in our centre from the year 2010 to 2019, two had synchronous OSCC and WT with an incidence rate of 1.4%. These two cases occurred in a 63-year-old female and a 68-year-old male both with smoking habits. One OSCC was present in the left buccal mucosa and the other in the right ventral surface of the tongue, whereas the WT in both cases occurred in the tail of the parotid. One patient had a recurrence and died while the other is under follow-up without any recurrence. These unusual findings of synchronous occurrence of WT at a distant site from the primary tumour may mimic a malignant disease, more likely a metastasis from the primary OSCC, which could further complicate the management of these patients. Therefore, radiologists, head and neck surgeons, and pathologists should be aware of the occurrence of these unusual presentations to avoid overtreatment in such cases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.22547
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Aberrant Expression of p63 in an Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate That Has Metastasized to the Oral Cavity.

Khalid, Rafiq / Ramanathan, Anand / Tee Lun, Heng / Lim, Daniel

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e22753

Abstract: Metastasis specifically to the oral cavity is uncommon in cases of prostate adenocarcinoma. Only 4% of prostate cancer patients present with metastases to the oral cavity originating from the prostate. In the oral cavity, the mandible is the primary site ...

Abstract	Metastasis specifically to the oral cavity is uncommon in cases of prostate adenocarcinoma. Only 4% of prostate cancer patients present with metastases to the oral cavity originating from the prostate. In the oral cavity, the mandible is the primary site of metastases. p63 is said to be a reliable marker to distinguish benign from malignant lesions of prostate origin, with benign lesions staining positive and malignant lesions staining negative. However, in rare instances, malignant prostate lesions have shown aberrant expression of p63. This case report highlights such a rare incidence of metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma to the oral cavity involving the right buccal mucosa and the right side of the mandible and having an aberrant expression of p63 in a 76-year-old Chinese male. A computed tomography (CT) scan and bone scan revealed multiple bone metastases, and in three months, the patient succumbed to the disease. Thus, p63 is not exclusively expressed in benign lesions of the prostate, as the aberrant expression may also be evident in malignant lesions such as prostate adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the determination of benign or malignant lesions of the prostate using p63 must be interpreted with caution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.22753
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evaluating the efficacy of OralDETECT training: Face-to-face versus online delivery in dental education.

Ramanathan, Anand / Zaini, Zuraiza Mohamad / Ghani, Wan Maria Nabillah / Wong, Gou Rean / Zainuddin, Nurul Izyan / Yang, Yi Hsin / Zain, Rosnah Binti

Oral diseases

2024

Abstract: Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of face-to-face (F2F) and online OralDETECT training programme in enhancing early detection skills for oral cancer.: Methods: A total of 328 final-year dental students were trained across six cohorts. ...

Abstract	Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of face-to-face (F2F) and online OralDETECT training programme in enhancing early detection skills for oral cancer. Methods: A total of 328 final-year dental students were trained across six cohorts. Three cohorts (175 students) received F2F training from the academic years 2016/2017 to 2018/2019, and the remaining three (153 students) underwent online training during the Covid-19 pandemic from 2019/2020 to 2021/2022. Participant scores were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the Mann-Whitney test, Cohen's d effect size, and multiple linear regression. Results: Both F2F and online training showed increases in mean scores from pre-test to post-test 3: from 67.66 ± 11.81 to 92.06 ± 5.27 and 75.89 ± 11.03 to 90.95 ± 5.22, respectively. Comparison between F2F and online methods revealed significant differences in mean scores with large effect sizes at the pre-test stage (p < 0.001), while significant differences with small effect sizes were noted for post-test 1 (p = 0.002) and post-test 3 (p = 0.041). Regression analysis indicated that the delivery method is associated with the participants' final scores. Conclusion: F2F and online versions of the OralDETECT training programme significantly enhance participants' knowledge and skills in oral cancer detection. Although F2F appeared to be more effective, the difference was not substantial enough to be considered educationally meaningful.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1290529-x
ISSN	1601-0825 ; 1354-523X
ISSN (online)	1601-0825
ISSN	1354-523X
DOI	10.1111/odi.14927
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Artificial neural network approach for parametric investigation of biodiesel synthesis using biocatalyst and engine characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with Aegle Marmelos Correa biodiesel

Thangarasu, Vinoth / M, Angkayarkan Vinayakaselvi / Ramanathan, Anand

Energy. 2021 Sept. 01, v. 230

2021

Abstract: In this present study, biodiesel was produced from an eco-friendly and non-edible AMC seed oil using a biocatalyst. The optimum biodiesel yield was obtained as 92% by undergoing microwave transesterification with 20 min time, 4.5 wt% catalyst amount and ... ...

Abstract	In this present study, biodiesel was produced from an eco-friendly and non-edible AMC seed oil using a biocatalyst. The optimum biodiesel yield was obtained as 92% by undergoing microwave transesterification with 20 min time, 4.5 wt% catalyst amount and 1:12 oil-methanol ratio at 55 °C. The activation energy needed for the reaction was 51.9 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic parameters for the transesterification process, such as enthalpy and entropy were 56.4 kJ/mol and −0.091 kJ/mol. Further, the engine studies were carried out for different fuel injection pressures and injection timing. Performance results reveal that BSEC and BTE of biodiesel are lower and higher than that of diesel fuel for 400 bar FIP and 27° CA bTDC FIT at full load respectively. However, except NO, composite emissions of CO, UBHC and dry soot are comparatively lesser than that of standard emission norms. It is thereby inferred from the experimental results that the optimum fuel injection pressure and timing are 400 bar and 27° CA bTDC. The developed ANN model precisely predicted the out data with a higher R² value for biodiesel synthesis and engine characteristics. Hence, it can be concluded that ANN is the best tool for predicting output data.
Keywords	Aegle marmelos ; activation energy ; biocatalysts ; biodiesel ; diesel engines ; diesel fuel ; energy ; enthalpy ; entropy ; neural networks ; seed oils ; soot ; transesterification
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0901
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2019804-8
ISSN	0360-5442 ; 0360-5442
ISSN (online)	0360-5442
ISSN	0360-5442
DOI	10.1016/j.energy.2021.120738
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Metal-Incorporated Mesoporous Silicates: Tunable Catalytic Properties and Applications.

Ramanathan, Anand / Subramaniam, Bala

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2018 Volume 23, Issue 2

Abstract: A relatively new class of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous silicates, KIT-6, incorporated with Earth-abundant metals such as Zr, Nb, and W (termed as M-KIT-6), show remarkable tunability of acidity and metal dispersion depending on the metal content, ...

Abstract	A relatively new class of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous silicates, KIT-6, incorporated with Earth-abundant metals such as Zr, Nb, and W (termed as M-KIT-6), show remarkable tunability of acidity and metal dispersion depending on the metal content, type, and synthetic method. The metal-incorporation is carried out using one-pot synthesis procedures that are amenable to easy scale-up. By such tuning, M-KIT-6 catalysts are shown to provide remarkable activity and selectivity in industrially-significant reactions, such as alcohol dehydration, ethylene epoxidation, and metathesis of 2-butene and ethylene. We review how the catalytic properties of M-KIT-6 materials may be tailored depending on the application to optimize performance.
MeSH term(s)	Catalysis ; Dehydration ; Metals, Heavy/chemistry ; Porosity ; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Metals, Heavy ; Silicon Dioxide (7631-86-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules23020263
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Article ; Online: Erratum: Ramanathan, A.; et al. Metal-Incorporated Mesoporous Silicates: Tunable Catalytic Properties and Applications. Molecules 2018, 23, 263.

Ramanathan, Anand / Subramaniam, Bala

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2018 Volume 23, Issue 4

Abstract: The authors wish to make the following change to their paper [1].[ ... ]. ...

Abstract	The authors wish to make the following change to their paper [1].[...].
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules23040853
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Article ; Online: The combined effect of optimal control and swarm intelligence on optimization of cancer chemotherapy.

Shindi, Omar / Kanesan, Jeevan / Kendall, Graham / Ramanathan, Anand

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine

2020 Volume 189, Page(s) 105327

Abstract: Background and objectives: In cancer therapy optimization, an optimal amount of drug is determined to not only reduce the tumor size but also to maintain the level of chemo toxicity in the patient's body. The increase in the number of objectives and ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: In cancer therapy optimization, an optimal amount of drug is determined to not only reduce the tumor size but also to maintain the level of chemo toxicity in the patient's body. The increase in the number of objectives and constraints further burdens the optimization problem. The objective of the present work is to solve a Constrained Multi- Objective Optimization Problem (CMOOP) of the Cancer-Chemotherapy. This optimization results in optimal drug schedule through the minimization of the tumor size and the drug concentration by ensuring the patient's health level during dosing within an acceptable level. Methods: This paper presents two hybrid methodologies that combines optimal control theory with multi-objective swarm and evolutionary algorithms and compares the performance of these methodologies with multi-objective swarm intelligence algorithms such as MOEAD, MODE, MOPSO and M-MOPSO. The hybrid and conventional methodologies are compared by addressing CMOOP. Results: The minimized tumor and drug concentration results obtained by the hybrid methodologies demonstrate that they are not only superior to pure swarm intelligence or evolutionary algorithm methodologies but also consumes far less computational time. Further, Second Order Sufficient Condition (SSC) is also used to verify and validate the optimality condition of the constrained multi-objective problem. Conclusion: The proposed methodologies reduce chemo-medicine administration while maintaining effective tumor killing. This will be helpful for oncologist to discover and find the optimum dose schedule of the chemotherapy that reduces the tumor cells while maintaining the patients' health at a safe level.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Software
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-09
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632564-6
ISSN	1872-7565 ; 0169-2607
ISSN (online)	1872-7565
ISSN	0169-2607
DOI	10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105327
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