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  1. Article: Improving Victimization Risk Estimation: A Geographically Weighted Regression Approach

    Ramos, Rafael G.

    ISPRS international journal of geo-information. 2021 May 28, v. 10, no. 6

    2021  

    Abstract: Standardized crime rates (e.g., “homicides per 100,000 people”) are commonly used in crime analysis as indicators of victimization risk but are prone to several issues that can lead to bias and error. In this study, a more robust approach (GWRisk) is ... ...

    Abstract Standardized crime rates (e.g., “homicides per 100,000 people”) are commonly used in crime analysis as indicators of victimization risk but are prone to several issues that can lead to bias and error. In this study, a more robust approach (GWRisk) is proposed for tackling the problem of estimating victimization risk. After formally defining victimization risk and modeling its sources of uncertainty, a new method is presented: GWRisk uses geographically weighted regression to model the relation between crime counts and population size, and the geographically varying coefficient generated can be interpreted as the victimization risk. A simulation study shows how GWRisk outperforms naïve standardization and Empirical Bayesian Estimators in estimating risk. In addition, to illustrate its use, GWRisk is applied to the case of residential burglaries in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. This new approach allows more robust estimates of victimization risk than other traditional methods. Spurious spikes of victimization risk, commonly found in areas with small populations when other methods are used, are filtered out by GWRisk. Finally, GWRisk allows separating a reference population into segments (e.g., houses, apartments), estimating the risk for each segment even if crime counts were not provided per segment.
    Keywords Bayesian theory ; crime ; people ; population size ; regression analysis ; risk ; risk estimate ; spatial data ; uncertainty ; Brazil
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0528
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2655790-3
    ISSN 2220-9964
    ISSN 2220-9964
    DOI 10.3390/ijgi10060364
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Can We Make Spine Surgery Safer and Better?

    De la Garza Ramos, Rafael

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 12

    Abstract: Driven mostly by an aging population, the utilization of spine surgery has increased exponentially over the last decades [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract Driven mostly by an aging population, the utilization of spine surgery has increased exponentially over the last decades [...].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm11123400
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Editorial: Dog filariosis: the threat walks not only in the blood stream.

    Napoli, Ettore / D'Amico, Gianluca / Ramos, Rafael Antonio Nascimento

    Frontiers in veterinary science

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1258004

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2834243-4
    ISSN 2297-1769
    ISSN 2297-1769
    DOI 10.3389/fvets.2023.1258004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Interfacial Thermal Resistive Switching in (Pt,Cr)/SrTiO

    Álvarez-Martínez, Víctor / Ramos, Rafael / Leborán, Víctor / Sarantopoulos, Alexandros / Dittmann, Regina / Rivadulla, Francisco

    ACS applied materials & interfaces

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 12, Page(s) 15043–15049

    Abstract: The operation of oxide-based memristive devices relies on the fast accumulation and depletion of oxygen vacancies by an electric field close to the metal-oxide interface. Here, we show that the reversible change of the local concentration of oxygen ... ...

    Abstract The operation of oxide-based memristive devices relies on the fast accumulation and depletion of oxygen vacancies by an electric field close to the metal-oxide interface. Here, we show that the reversible change of the local concentration of oxygen vacancies at this interface also produces a change in the thermal boundary resistance (TBR), i.e., a thermal resistive switching effect. We used frequency domain thermoreflectance to monitor the interfacial metal-oxide TBR in (Pt,Cr)/SrTiO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1944-8252
    ISSN (online) 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021/acsami.3c19285
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Income inequality and the geography of residential burglaries: A spatial model applied to Campinas, Brazil

    Ramos, Rafael G. / Melo, Silas N.

    Applied geography. 2022 Oct., v. 147

    2022  

    Abstract: Although income inequality has been often pointed out as an important cause of crime, it is yet unclear how spatial patterns of income in a city can explain its geography of crime. In this study, we apply a model to test the influence of income ... ...

    Abstract Although income inequality has been often pointed out as an important cause of crime, it is yet unclear how spatial patterns of income in a city can explain its geography of crime. In this study, we apply a model to test the influence of income inequality on the spatial concentration of residential burglaries in the city of Campinas, Brazil. Following criminological theory, our model decomposes income inequality into two hypothetical effects: that of local income, which determines how attractive residences are to burglary, and exposure to poverty, where poverty boosts criminal motivation through economic hardship. Our study reveals that higher local income is indeed significant and positively associated to higher burglary risk, but that exposure to poverty does not increase risk. Therefore, higher income areas more surrounded by poor areas do not feature a particularly increased burglary risk if compared to other higher income areas, contrary to what could be expected from some criminological frameworks such as relative deprivation and strain theories. Instead, our findings suggest that the geography of residential burglaries can be explained by the distribution of burglary opportunities, that is, of where the most profitable targets are. To conclude, we compare our findings to other existing studies.
    Keywords crime ; geography ; income ; models ; motivation ; poverty ; risk ; social inequality ; Brazil
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-10
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0143-6228
    DOI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102787
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  6. Article: Cutaneous filarioid nematodes of dogs in the United States: Are they emerging, neglected, or underdiagnosed parasites?

    Gruntmeir, Jeff / Kelly, Maureen / Ramos, Rafael Antonio Nascimento / Verocai, Guilherme Gomes

    Frontiers in veterinary science

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1128611

    Abstract: Filarioid nematodes, which are vector-borne parasites of cosmopolitan distribution, of dogs are medically important. They are represented by species in which microfilariae were found to be circulating in the bloodstream (e.g., ...

    Abstract Filarioid nematodes, which are vector-borne parasites of cosmopolitan distribution, of dogs are medically important. They are represented by species in which microfilariae were found to be circulating in the bloodstream (e.g.,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2834243-4
    ISSN 2297-1769
    ISSN 2297-1769
    DOI 10.3389/fvets.2023.1128611
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Risk Factors for Headache Disorder in Patients With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

    Toma, Aureliana / De La Garza Ramos, Rafael / Altschul, David J

    Cureus

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) e38385

    Abstract: Objective: Headache disorders are a prevalent yet frequently underestimated issue in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). The primary aim of this study is to systematically examine the incidence, specific characteristics, and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Headache disorders are a prevalent yet frequently underestimated issue in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). The primary aim of this study is to systematically examine the incidence, specific characteristics, and associated risk factors of headache disorders in the context of individuals diagnosed with UIAs. Through this investigation, we hope to contribute valuable insights to the current understanding of this complex relationship and potentially inform future diagnostic and treatment approaches.
    Methods: Data from 146 consecutive patients harboring UIAs were evaluated. The location and morphological characteristics of the aneurysm were analyzed. Factors associated with headache incidence and methods of treatment were investigated. The headache pattern in 48 patients was assessed using self-reported questionnaires.
    Results: A total of 146 patients were identified. Out of 146 patients, 95 (65%) were in the Headache Group (HG) and 51 (35%) were asymptomatic and in the No Headache Group (NHG). Factors associated with a higher likelihood of headache were past or current tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use (p=0.029). On average, patients had 1.49 (SD=1) aneurysms in the HG and 1.43 (SD=.92) in the NHG group, respectively. In our series, the size of aneurysms, the status of the aneurysm (treated vs untreated), and the method of treatment did not significantly differ between the groups. There was a high incidence of headaches in patients with aneurysms of the ophthalmic segment (C6) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and sphenoidal segment (M1) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Of 48 patients that completed headache questionnaires, 25 had headaches on more than 15 days a month. The majority of participants (85.4%) reported the severity of their pain as being greater than 5 on a scale of 10, while one-third (33.3%) experienced the maximum pain level of 10 out of 10.
    Conclusion: Headache more often occurs in patients with aneurysms of the ophthalmic segment (C6) of the ICA and sphenoidal segment (M1) of the MCA. Its distinctive features are deep pain for more than 15 days a month. Although the treatment of aneurysms reduces the risk of aneurysmal rupture, its efficacy in relieving the headache is still uncertain.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.38385
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Does Income Inequality Explain the Geography of Residential Burglaries? The Case of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Ramos, Rafael G

    ISPRS international journal of geo-information. 2019 Oct. 07, v. 8, no. 10

    2019  

    Abstract: The relationship between crime and income inequality is a complex and controversial issue. While there is some consensus that a relationship exists, the nature of it is still the subject of much debate. In this paper, this relationship is investigated in ...

    Abstract The relationship between crime and income inequality is a complex and controversial issue. While there is some consensus that a relationship exists, the nature of it is still the subject of much debate. In this paper, this relationship is investigated in the context of urban geography and whether income inequality can explain the geography of crime within cities. This question is examined for the specific case of residential burglaries in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, where I tested how much burglary rates are affected by local average household income and by local exposure to poverty, while I controlled for other variables relevant to criminological theory, such as land-use type, density and accessibility. Different scales were considered for testing the effect of exposure to poverty. This study reveals that, in Belo Horizonte, the rate of burglaries per single family house is significantly and positively related to income level, but a higher exposure to poverty has no significant independent effect on these rates at any scale tested. The rate of burglaries per apartment, on the other hand, is not significantly affected by either average household income or exposure to poverty. These results seem consistent with a description where burglaries follow a geographical distribution based on opportunity, rather than being a product of localized income disparity and higher exposure between different economic groups.
    Keywords cities ; crime ; geographical distribution ; household income ; land use ; poverty ; social inequality ; spatial data ; Brazil
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1007
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2655790-3
    ISSN 2220-9964
    ISSN 2220-9964
    DOI 10.3390/ijgi8100439
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Letter to the Editor on "an Artificial Intelligence Approach to Predicting Unplanned Intubation Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion" by Veeramani et al.

    De la Garza Ramos, Rafael / Yassari, Reza

    Global spine journal

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 1304–1305

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2648287-3
    ISSN 2192-5690 ; 2192-5682
    ISSN (online) 2192-5690
    ISSN 2192-5682
    DOI 10.1177/21925682221085545
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Transcriptional Ontogeny Platform of Sex Determination/Sex Differentiation Genes in Almaco Jack Larvae

    Guerrero‐Tortolero, Danitzia A. / Vázquez‐Islas, Grecia / Campos‐Ramos, Rafael

    North American Journal of Aquaculture. 2023 Apr., v. 85, no. 2 p.123-135

    2023  

    Abstract: The fish sex determination/sex differentiation (SD) system is still intriguing in many species, such as Seriola fish. Marine amberjacks have a conserved ZW/ZZ SD system. We aimed to identify how early SD genes were expressed in larval Almaco Jack Seriola ...

    Abstract The fish sex determination/sex differentiation (SD) system is still intriguing in many species, such as Seriola fish. Marine amberjacks have a conserved ZW/ZZ SD system. We aimed to identify how early SD genes were expressed in larval Almaco Jack Seriola rivoliana by RNA sequencing and to determine whether there was an early developmental differential expression up to the onset of exogenous feeding. Transcriptome analysis identified sox5 and sox7 (female) and sox3 and sox8 (male) genes; all of the known female SD genes, including hsd17b1 (master sex gene in Seriola), foxl2, and cyp19a, plus genes involved in female sexual development and maintenance, estrogen signaling, and osteoclast proliferation; and all of the known male SD genes, including dmrt1, nr5a1, gsdf, amhy, and amhr2. The expression of most SD genes occurred on each day during larval development. However, most of them showed low abundance levels and null differential expression except for the downregulation of the sox and foxl2 genes, which might have served an unknown function or were maternally derived rather than autonomously downregulated. We suggest that the concomitant expression of female and male SD genes in early larval stages is a biological transcriptional ontogeny sex platform that ensures posterior sex‐specific expression and sex differentiation. A single missense single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the catalytic center of hsd17b1 has been suggested to differentiate phenotypic sex in Seriola by an endocrine regulation on estradiol synthesis. In that case, the ontogeny sex platform would be directed by the SNP but still critical to differentiate gonads.
    Keywords RNA ; Seriola rivoliana ; aquaculture ; estradiol ; females ; fish ; gene expression regulation ; genes ; larvae ; larval development ; males ; ontogeny ; osteoclasts ; phenotype ; sex determination ; sexual development ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; transcription (genetics) ; transcriptomics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-04
    Size p. 123-135.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1482260-x
    ISSN 1548-8454 ; 1522-2055
    ISSN (online) 1548-8454
    ISSN 1522-2055
    DOI 10.1002/naaq.10278
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