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  1. Article ; Online: Circulation and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in India: Let the Data Speak.

    Limaye, Sanket / Kasibhatla, Sunitha M / Ramtirthkar, Mukund / Kinikar, Meenal / Kale, Mohan M / Kulkarni-Kale, Urmila

    Viruses

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 11

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge that impacted 200+ countries. India ranks in the second and third positions in terms of number of reported cases and deaths. Being a populous country with densely packed cities, SARS-CoV-2 spread exponentially. ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge that impacted 200+ countries. India ranks in the second and third positions in terms of number of reported cases and deaths. Being a populous country with densely packed cities, SARS-CoV-2 spread exponentially. India sequenced ≈0.14% isolates from confirmed cases for pandemic surveillance and contributed ≈1.58% of complete genomes sequenced globally. This study was designed to map the circulating lineage diversity and to understand the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in India using comparative genomics and population genetics approaches. Despite varied sequencing coverage across Indian States and Union Territories, isolates belonging to variants of concern (VoC) and variants of interest (VoI) circulated, persisted, and diversified during the first seventeen months of the pandemic. Delta and Kappa lineages emerged in India and spread globally. The phylogenetic tree shows lineage-wise monophyletic clusters of VoCs/VoIs and diversified tree topologies for non-VoC/VoI lineages designated as 'Others' in this study. Evolutionary dynamics analyses substantiate a lack of spatio-temporal clustering, which is indicative of multiple global and local introductions. Sites under positive selection and significant variations in spike protein corroborate with the constellation of mutations to be monitored for VoC/VoI as well as substitutions that are characteristic of functions with implications in virus-host interactions, differential glycosylation, immune evasion, and escape from neutralization.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Domains ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Selection, Genetic ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Whole Genome Sequencing
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13112238
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Circulation and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in India: Let the Data Speak

    Limaye, Sanket / Kasibhatla, Sunitha M. / Ramtirthkar, Mukund / Kinikar, Meenal / Kale, Mohan M. / Kulkarni-Kale, Urmila

    Viruses. 2021 Nov. 08, v. 13, no. 11

    2021  

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge that impacted 200+ countries. India ranks in the second and third positions in terms of number of reported cases and deaths. Being a populous country with densely packed cities, SARS-CoV-2 spread exponentially. ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge that impacted 200+ countries. India ranks in the second and third positions in terms of number of reported cases and deaths. Being a populous country with densely packed cities, SARS-CoV-2 spread exponentially. India sequenced ≈0.14% isolates from confirmed cases for pandemic surveillance and contributed ≈1.58% of complete genomes sequenced globally. This study was designed to map the circulating lineage diversity and to understand the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in India using comparative genomics and population genetics approaches. Despite varied sequencing coverage across Indian States and Union Territories, isolates belonging to variants of concern (VoC) and variants of interest (VoI) circulated, persisted, and diversified during the first seventeen months of the pandemic. Delta and Kappa lineages emerged in India and spread globally. The phylogenetic tree shows lineage-wise monophyletic clusters of VoCs/VoIs and diversified tree topologies for non-VoC/VoI lineages designated as ‘Others’ in this study. Evolutionary dynamics analyses substantiate a lack of spatio-temporal clustering, which is indicative of multiple global and local introductions. Sites under positive selection and significant variations in spike protein corroborate with the constellation of mutations to be monitored for VoC/VoI as well as substitutions that are characteristic of functions with implications in virus–host interactions, differential glycosylation, immune evasion, and escape from neutralization.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; genome ; genomics ; glycosylation ; immune evasion ; monitoring ; monophyly ; neutralization ; pandemic ; population genetics ; trees ; India
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1108
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13112238
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Characterization of diversity of measles viruses in India: Genomic sequencing and comparative genomics studies.

    Vaidya, Sunil R / Kasibhatla, Sunitha M / Bhattad, Divya R / Ramtirthkar, Mukund R / Kale, Mohan M / Raut, Chandrashekhar G / Kulkarni-Kale, Urmila

    The Journal of infection

    2020  Volume 80, Issue 3, Page(s) 301–309

    Abstract: Objective: To map genomic diversity of Measles virus (MeV) isolates collected during 2009-2017 from ten states of India.: Methods: Genome sequencing of Indian isolates and comparative genomics with global MeV using phylogeny, population ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To map genomic diversity of Measles virus (MeV) isolates collected during 2009-2017 from ten states of India.
    Methods: Genome sequencing of Indian isolates and comparative genomics with global MeV using phylogeny, population stratification and selection pressure approaches were performed.
    Results: The first report of complete genome sequences of forty-three Indian MeV isolates belonging to genotypes D4 (eight) and D8 (thirty-five). Three Indian isolates mapped to named strains D4-Enfield, D8-Villupuram and D8-Victoria. Indian D4 isolates deviate from standard genome length due to indels in M-F intergenic region. Estimated nucleotide substitution rates of Indian MeV derived using genome and individual genes are lower than that of global isolates. Phylogeny revealed genotype-based temporal clustering, suggesting existence of two lineages of D4 and three lineages of D8 in India. Absence of spatial clustering suggests role of cross-border travel in MeV transmission.
    Conclusions: Evolutionary analyses suggest the need for surveillance of MeV in India, particularly in view of diversified trajectories of D4 and D8 isolates. This study contributes to global measles epidemiology and indicates no major impact on antigenicity in Indian isolates, thereby substantiating the use of current vaccines to meet measles elimination target of 2023 set by World Health Organization for South-East Asia Region.
    MeSH term(s) Genomics ; Genotype ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles virus/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 424417-5
    ISSN 1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
    ISSN (online) 1532-2742
    ISSN 0163-4453
    DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.11.025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MG 48: Show issues

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  4. Article ; Online: Genetic and antigenic characterization of wild type rubella viruses isolated from India.

    Vaidya, Sunil R / Kasibhatla, Sunitha M / Kamble, Madhukar B / Munivenkatappa, Ashok / Kumbhar, Neelakshi S / Jayaswamy, Manjunatha M / Ramtirthkar, Mukund R / Kale, Mohan M / Kulkarni-Kale, Urmila

    Vaccine

    2021  Volume 39, Issue 6, Page(s) 876–881

    Abstract: Rubella, is a contagious disease caused by Rubella virus (RuV) that manifests as fever with skin-rashes in children and adults along with complications in pregnant women. WHO-SEAR has set a target for Rubella elimination by 2023. This is the first report ...

    Abstract Rubella, is a contagious disease caused by Rubella virus (RuV) that manifests as fever with skin-rashes in children and adults along with complications in pregnant women. WHO-SEAR has set a target for Rubella elimination by 2023. This is the first report of antigenic characterization and genome sequencing of nine RuVs sampled during 1992, 2007-9, and 2015-17 from four Indian states. Comparative analysis of Indian RuVs (2B) with that of global isolates and vaccine strain RA 27/3 (1a) revealed that the observed mutations in structural proteins have no major impact on the 3D structure, function and antigenicity. Indian RuVs formed three major clusters (Pune-1992, Kannur-2009 and Chitradurg-2007) in genome-based phylogeny of global isolates. Neutralizing antibody titers in a panel of serum samples from measles negative cases were significantly higher to the vaccine strain compared to a wild-type 2B isolate (Kannur) with concordance of 91.9%, thereby substantiating the use of current vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Rubella/epidemiology ; Rubella/prevention & control ; Rubella virus/genetics ; Rubella virus/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.063
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1930: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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  5. Article: Analysis of genotype diversity and evolution of Dengue virus serotype 2 using complete genomes.

    Waman, Vaishali P / Kolekar, Pandurang / Ramtirthkar, Mukund R / Kale, Mohan M / Kulkarni-Kale, Urmila

    PeerJ

    2016  Volume 4, Page(s) e2326

    Abstract: Background: Dengue is one of the most common arboviral diseases prevalent worldwide and is caused by Dengue viruses (genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae). There are four serotypes of Dengue Virus (DENV-1 to DENV-4), each of which is further subdivided ...

    Abstract Background: Dengue is one of the most common arboviral diseases prevalent worldwide and is caused by Dengue viruses (genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae). There are four serotypes of Dengue Virus (DENV-1 to DENV-4), each of which is further subdivided into distinct genotypes. DENV-2 is frequently associated with severe dengue infections and epidemics. DENV-2 consists of six genotypes such as Asian/American, Asian I, Asian II, Cosmopolitan, American and sylvatic. Comparative genomic study was carried out to infer population structure of DENV-2 and to analyze the role of evolutionary and spatiotemporal factors in emergence of diversifying lineages.
    Methods: Complete genome sequences of 990 strains of DENV-2 were analyzed using Bayesian-based population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to infer genetically distinct lineages. The role of spatiotemporal factors, genetic recombination and selection pressure in the evolution of DENV-2 is examined using the sequence-based bioinformatics approaches.
    Results: DENV-2 genetic structure is complex and consists of fifteen subpopulations/lineages. The Asian/American genotype is observed to be diversified into seven lineages. The Asian I, Cosmopolitan and sylvatic genotypes were found to be subdivided into two lineages, each. The populations of American and Asian II genotypes were observed to be homogeneous. Significant evidence of episodic positive selection was observed in all the genes, except NS4A. Positive selection operational on a few codons in envelope gene confers antigenic and lineage diversity in the American strains of Asian/American genotype. Selection on codons of non-structural genes was observed to impact diversification of lineages in Asian I, cosmopolitan and sylvatic genotypes. Evidence of intra/inter-genotype recombination was obtained and the uncertainty in classification of recombinant strains was resolved using the population genetics approach.
    Discussion: Complete genome-based analysis revealed that the worldwide population of DENV-2 strains is subdivided into fifteen lineages. The population structure of DENV-2 is spatiotemporal and is shaped by episodic positive selection and recombination. Intra-genotype diversity was observed in four genotypes (Asian/American, Asian I, cosmopolitan and sylvatic). Episodic positive selection on envelope and non-structural genes translates into antigenic diversity and appears to be responsible for emergence of strains/lineages in DENV-2 genotypes. Understanding of the genotype diversity and emerging lineages will be useful to design strategies for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine design.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.2326
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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