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Article ; Online: Prevalence of Anxiety and Associated Factors among Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia

Sana Samreen / Nasir A. Siddiqui / Ramzi A. Mothana

BioMed Research International, Vol

a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 Volume 2020

Abstract: Background and Objective. Anxiety is an emotional and behavioral disorder that may disturb the student’s quality of learning and its outcome. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors among pharmacy students at a university ... ...

Abstract	Background and Objective. Anxiety is an emotional and behavioral disorder that may disturb the student’s quality of learning and its outcome. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors among pharmacy students at a university in Saudi Arabia. Methods. We used a cross-sectional design, and data collection was carried out over a period of two months from September 2018 to November 2018 using paper-based self-administered questionnaires. The General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale was used to measure and classify anxiety among the study participants. Results. The prevalence of anxiety among pharmacy students was 49% (83 students); 44 students (25.9%) had mild anxiety, while 24 (14.1%) students had moderate anxiety, and 15 (8.8%) severe anxiety. There were statistically significant differences in anxiety scores according to faculty type (p=0.2) and nutritional status (p=0.4). Conclusion. The findings of this study revealed that half of the pharmacy students suffered from anxiety incidence during their studies at the university. However, the majority of them are experiencing mild to moderate. This may have a significant impact on academic performance and necessitates special attention.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	150 ; 420
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: First report on morphological and molecular characteristics of eight Agaricomycotina mushrooms in Saudi Arabia

Jamal M. Khaled / Naiyf S. Alharbi / Ramzi A. Mothana / Shine Kadaikunnan / Ahmed S. Alobaidi

Journal of King Saud University: Science, Vol 34, Iss 8, Pp 102345- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Some fruiting body fungi, such as mushrooms, have valuable nutritional and medicinal properties. The present study aimed to report some mushroom species for the first time in several regions of Saudi Arabia: Abha, Al-Baha, Al-Taif, and Jeddah. ... ...

Abstract	Some fruiting body fungi, such as mushrooms, have valuable nutritional and medicinal properties. The present study aimed to report some mushroom species for the first time in several regions of Saudi Arabia: Abha, Al-Baha, Al-Taif, and Jeddah. Morphological and microscopic features, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis were studied to identify Crinipellis scabella, Parasola conopilea, Agrocybe pediades, Pyrofomes demidoffii, and Tulostoma fimbriatum in Al-Baha, and Conocybe macrospora, and Chlorophyllum palaeotropicum throughout Saudi Arabia. All mushrooms identified in this present work were Agaricomycotina mushrooms recorded for the first time in Saudi Arabia.
Keywords	Agaricomycotina ; Mushrooms ; Fruiting body fungi ; Molecular phylogeny ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Attitudes and Associated Demographic Factors Contributing towards the Abuse of Illicit Drugs

Wajid Syed / Ayesha Iqbal / Nasir A. Siddiqui / Ramzi A. Mothana / Omer Noman

Medicina, Vol 58, Iss 322, p

A Cross-Sectional Study from Health Care Students in Saudi Arabia

2022 Volume 322

Abstract: Background and objective : The purpose of this study is to compare the attitudes, views, and factors that influence drug abuse among pharmacy and nursing students at a Saudi Arabian university. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study, was ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective : The purpose of this study is to compare the attitudes, views, and factors that influence drug abuse among pharmacy and nursing students at a Saudi Arabian university. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study, was conducted among pharmacy and nursing students who are currently enrolled in the respective courses at the study site. The data were collected over 4 months from August to November 2019 using structured self-administered paper-based questionnaires. Results : Among the participants, pharmacy students accounted for 184 (58.2%) while 132 (41.8%) of the students were from nursing. More than a third of the students 129, (40.8%) smoked cigarettes. The majority of pharmacy (80.4%) and nursing students (67.4%) reported having undertaken a drug misuse course in college. Among the participants, 132 (41.7%) stated that an offer from friends, followed by joy seeking 129 (40.8%), parents’ divorce 126 (39.8%), having access to drugs 125 (39.5%), family issues 110 (34.8%), 66 (20.8%) having a family member who is addicted, and 101 (31.9%) reported curiosity to be the factors regarding the use of abusive drugs. Transient euphoria (75.9%) followed by depression 197 (62.3%) was the most prevalent physical or psychological change that occurred following drug use. The family size and father’s education have significantly affected the attitudes scores of the students (F = 5.188; p = 0.0001). Conclusion : In this study, joy-seeking, access to drugs, and family issues were found to be the major factors listed as reasons for drug abuse, with some of them being controllable or reversible. Educating about the adverse outcomes of abused drugs is warranted.
Keywords	illicit drugs ; substance abuse ; factors ; tobacco ; hookah ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: QSAR, ADME-Tox, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of novel selective glycine transporter type 1 inhibitors with memory enhancing properties

Mohamed El fadili / Mohammed Er-rajy / Hamada Imtara / Omar M. Noman / Ramzi A. Mothana / Sheaf Abdullah / Sara Zerougui / Menana Elhallaoui

Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp e13706- (2023)

2023

Abstract: A structural class of forty glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitors, was examined using molecular modeling techniques. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) technology confirmed that human GlyT1 activity is strongly and ... ...

Abstract	A structural class of forty glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitors, was examined using molecular modeling techniques. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) technology confirmed that human GlyT1 activity is strongly and significantly affected by constitutional, geometrical, physicochemical and topological descriptors. ADME-Tox in-silico pharmacokinetics revealed that L28 and L30 ligands were predicted as non-toxic inhibitors with a good ADME profile and the highest probability to penetrate the central nervous system (CNS). Molecular docking results indicated that the predicted inhibitors block GlyT1, reacting specifically with Phe319, Phe325, Tyr123, Tyr 124, Arg52, Asp475, Ala117, Ala479, Ile116 and Ile483 amino acids of the dopamine transporter (DAT) membrane protein. These results were qualified and strengthened using molecular dynamics (MD) study, which affirmed that the established intermolecular interactions for (L28, L30–DAT protein) complexes remain perfectly stable along 50 ns of MD simulation time. Therefore, they could be strongly recommended as therapeutics in medicine to improve memory performance.
Keywords	QSAR ; GlyT1 ; ADME-Tox ; CNS ; DAT ; Molecular docking ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence and Practice of Unused and Expired Medicine—A Community-Based Study among Saudi Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Syed Wajid / Nasir A. Siddiqui / Ramzi A. Mothana / Sana Samreen

BioMed Research International, Vol

2020 Volume 2020

Abstract: Purpose. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and practice of unused and expired medicine among Saudi adults. Subjects and Methods. The study used cross-sectional web-based design to collect the data, over a period of 4 ... ...

Abstract	Purpose. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and practice of unused and expired medicine among Saudi adults. Subjects and Methods. The study used cross-sectional web-based design to collect the data, over a period of 4 months among people who are living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results. A total of 337 questionnaires were obtained during the study period. The majority of respondents were university graduates n=251 (74.7%). The prevalence of unused medicine was n=301 (89.3%). The most commonly used drugs were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs n=272 (80.7%) and antibiotics n=164 (48.7%). Of the participants, 186 (55.2%) checked the expiry date of the medicine before they purchase. Most of them n=305 (90.5%) obtained medicine through prescription. About n=219 (65%) of them keep the medicine until it expired; 48.1% throw away in the household garbage while only 18 (5.4%) of the respondents said to give it back to the medical store. Conclusion. The study revealed a high prevalence of unused medications among Saudi community. However, the disposable practice among the Saudi community was inadequate. Increasing awareness through education programs about proper disposable guidelines is necessary for controlling the medication wastage.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Biochemical Profile by GC–MS of Fungal Biomass Produced from the Ascospores of Tirmania nivea as a Natural Renewable Resource

Jamal M. Khaled / Naiyf S. Alharbi / Ramzi A. Mothana / Shine Kadaikunnan / Ahmed S. Alobaidi

Journal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 1083, p

2021 Volume 1083

Abstract: The edible fruiting bodies of desert truffles are seasonally collected and consumed in many regions of the world. Although they are very expensive, they are bought and sold as a result of considerable scientific reports confirming their health and ... ...

Abstract	The edible fruiting bodies of desert truffles are seasonally collected and consumed in many regions of the world. Although they are very expensive, they are bought and sold as a result of considerable scientific reports confirming their health and nutritional benefits. This study aimed to conduct laboratory production of the fungal biomass of Tirmania nivea as a natural renewable resource of many active biological compounds using an artificial growth medium. The T. nivea collected from Hafar Al-Batin, which is north of Saudi Arabia, and their ascospores were harvested and used to produce fungal biomass in potato dextrose broth. The cultivation was conducted using a shaking incubator at 25 °C for two weeks at 200 rpm. The crud extracts of the fungal biomass and mycelium-free broth were prepared using ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane. Preliminary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and their biological activity as antimicrobial agents were investigated. The results showed that the crude extracts have biological activity against mold, yeast and bacteria. The preliminary GC–MS analysis reported that the fungal biomass and extracellular metabolites in the growth medium are industrial renewable resources of several biological compounds that could be used as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-trypanosomal and anti-inflammatory agents.
Keywords	GC–MS analysis ; Tirmania nivea ; antimicrobial ; anticancer ; production ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Isolation and Characterization of Two Chalcone Derivatives with Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity from the Endemic Socotraen Dracaena cinnabari (Dragon’s Blood Tree)

Ramzi A. Mothana / Ahmed H. Arbab / Ali A. ElGamal / Mohammad K. Parvez / Mohammed S. Al-Dosari

Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 952, p

2022 Volume 952

Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent and continues to be a global health concern. In this study, we determined the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potential of the Socotra-endemic medicinal plant Dracaena cinnabari and isolated and characterized ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent and continues to be a global health concern. In this study, we determined the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potential of the Socotra-endemic medicinal plant Dracaena cinnabari and isolated and characterized the responsible constituents. A bioassay-guided fractionation using different chromatographic techniques of the methanolic extract of D. cinnabari led to the isolation of two chalcone derivatives. Using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 1 H-, 13 C-, and 2D-NMR, these derivatives were identified as 2,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone (compound 1 ) and 2,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxyhydrochalcone (compound 2 ). Both compounds were isolated for the first time from the red resin (dragon’s blood) of D. cinnabari . The compounds were first evaluated for cytotoxicity on HepG2.2.15 cells and 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values were determined. They were then evaluated for anti-HBV activity against HepG2.2.15 cells by assessing the suppression of HBsAg and HBeAg production in the culture supernatants and their half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) and therapeutic index (TI) values were determined. Compounds 1 and 2 indicated inhibition of HBsAg production in a dose- and time-dependent manner with IC 50 values of 20.56 and 6.36 μg/mL, respectively.
Keywords	hepatitis B ; Dracaena cinnabari ; socotra ; chalcones ; antiviral ; Yemen ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Regulation of cell cycle and differentiation markers by pathogenic, non-pathogenic and opportunistic skin bacteria

Sidra Younis / Farah Deeba / Rida Fatima Saeed / Ramzi A. Mothana / Riaz Ullah / Muhammad Faheem / Qamar Javed / Miroslav Blumenberg

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 29, Iss 3, Pp 1717-

2022 Volume 1729

Abstract: Skin is the first line of defense against the physical, chemical and the biological environment. It is an ideal organ for studying molecular responses to biological infections through a variety of skin cells that specialize in immune responses. ... ...

Abstract	Skin is the first line of defense against the physical, chemical and the biological environment. It is an ideal organ for studying molecular responses to biological infections through a variety of skin cells that specialize in immune responses. Comparative analysis of skin response to pathogenic, non-pathogenic, and commensal bacteria would help in the identification of disease specific pathways for drug targets. In this study, we investigated human breast reduction skin responses to Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), and TLR1/2 agonist using Affymetrix microarray chips. The Pam3CSK4 solution and bacterial cultures were prepared and inoculated in steel rings, that were placed on the acetone treated epidermis in a petri dish. After 24 h incubation, 8 mm punch biopsies were taken from the center of the ring, and RNA was extracted. The genome-wide expression was then analyzed using Affymetrix HG-133A gene chip microarray. We found that the C. acnes and S. aureus boosted the production of extracellular matrix components and attenuated the expression of differentiation markers. The above responses were mediated through the TLR2 pathway. Skin also responded to S. aureus and C. acnes by inducing the genes of the cell cycle machinery; this response was not TLR2-dependent. S. aureus induced, whereas C. acnes suppressed the genes associated with apoptosis; this was also not TLR2-dependent. Moreover, S. epidermis apparently did not lead to changes in gene expression. We conclude that the breast reduction skin is a very useful model to study the global gene expression in response to bacterial treatments.
Keywords	Cutibacterium acnes ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; TLR1/2 ; Microarray ; Acne vulgaris ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	571 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sinomenine accelerate wound healing in rats by augmentation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunuhistochemical pathways

Ahmed A.j. Jabbar / Khaled Abdul-Aziz Ahmed / Mahmood Ameen Abdulla / Fuad Othman Abdullah / Nur Ain Salehen / Ramzi A. Mothana / Jamal Houssaini / Rawaz Rizgar Hassan / Mohammed F. Hawwal / Omer I. Fantoukh / Sidgi Hasson

Heliyon, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp e23581- (2024)

1481

Abstract: Sinomenine (SN) is a well-documented unique plant alkaloid extracted from many herbal medicines. The present study evaluates the wound healing potentials of SN on dorsal neck injury in rats. A uniform cut was created on Sprague Dawley rats (24) which ... ...

Abstract	Sinomenine (SN) is a well-documented unique plant alkaloid extracted from many herbal medicines. The present study evaluates the wound healing potentials of SN on dorsal neck injury in rats. A uniform cut was created on Sprague Dawley rats (24) which were arbitrarily aligned into 4 groups receiving two daily topical treatments for 14 days as follows: A, rats had gum acacia; B, rats addressed with intrasite gel; C and D, rats had 30 and 60 mg/ml of SN, respectively. The acute toxicity trial revealed the absence of any toxic signs in rats after two weeks of ingestion of 30 and 300 mg/kg of SN. SN-treated rats showed smaller wound areas and higher wound closure percentages compared to vehicle rats after 5, 10, and 15 days of skin excision. Histological evaluation of recovered wound tissues showed increased collagen deposition, fibroblast content, and decreased inflammatory cells in granulated tissues in SN-addressed rats, which were statistically different from that of gum acacia-treated rats. SN treatment caused positive augmentation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (angiogenetic factor) in wound tissues, denoting a higher conversion rate of fibroblast into myofibroblast (angiogenesis) that results in faster wound healing action. Increased antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), as well as decreased MDA contents in recovered wound tissues of SN-treated rats, suggest the antioxidant potentials of SN that aid in faster wound recovery. Wound tissue homogenates showed higher hydroxyproline amino acid (collagen content) values in SN-treated rats than in vehicle rats. SN treatment suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of wounded rats. The outcomes present SN as a viable pharmaceutical agent for wound healing evidenced by its positive modulation of the antioxidant, immunohistochemically proteins, hydroxyproline, and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Keywords	Sinomenine ; Wound ; Histology ; Antioxidants ; Immunohistochemicals ; Inflammatory cytokines ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Role of LXR alpha in regulating expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes — Investigation on improvement of health of diabetic patients

Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian / Hak-J. Kim / Ramzi A. Mothana / Young O. Kim / Nasir A. Siddiqui

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Vol 13, Iss 2, Pp 244-

2020 Volume 252

Abstract: Background: The insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) plays prominent role in insulin-mediated facilitated glucose uptake into most of the cell types, majorly muscle, liver and adipose tissue. Impaired expression of GLUT4 has been linked to ... ...

Abstract	Background: The insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) plays prominent role in insulin-mediated facilitated glucose uptake into most of the cell types, majorly muscle, liver and adipose tissue. Impaired expression of GLUT4 has been linked to insulin resistance and diabetes. In adipocytes, excess lipids that are generated from liver and by de novo lipogenesis utilizing blood sugar, are stored. There are various nuclear factors, co-factors and signaling mechanisms that directly and indirectly regulate glucose transporter activity in adipocytes. Molecular mechanism behind the regulation of GLUT4 in adipocytes has not elucidated well. Objective: Therefore, the present study focuses to explore the role of Liver X receptor- alpha (LXRα) on GLUT4 expression and the possible co-factors involved during in vitro adipogenesis and is assessed by modulating the activity of LXRα with specific agonist and antagonist ligands in 3T3L1 differentiated cells. Results: The results demonstrate that SR 9238 (300 nM), a strong inhibitor of LXRα, decreased the rate of adipogenesis through reduced lipid droplet formation in adipocytes without affecting the cell morphology. The FMOC-l-Leucine (FLL), a known partial ligand of PPARγ, enhanced the expression of LXRα. Thus, it can be concluded that LXRα has a significant role in adipocyte differentiation and FLL interaction promoted the transcription of LXRα, thereby promotes GLUT4 expression. The results in this study identified the role of LXRα in regulating the expression of GLUT4 through SRC1. Conclusion: The study is of much relevance in treatment of diabetes and also opens the possibility of identifying new drug molecules that target LXRα. Keywords: LXRα, Diabetes, GLUT4, PPARγ, Adipocyte, Insulin resistance
Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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