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Article ; Online: 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis identifies hypoxanthine as a novel metastasis-associated metabolite in breast cancer

Sarra B. Shakartalla / Naglaa S. Ashmawy / Mohammad H. Semreen / Bahgat Fayed / Zainab M. Al Shareef / Manju N. Jayakumar / Saleh Ibrahim / Mohamed Rahmani / Rania Hamdy / Sameh S. M. Soliman

Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 17

Abstract: Abstract Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females, mainly because of metastasis. Oncometabolites, produced via metabolic reprogramming, can influence metastatic signaling cascades. Accordingly, and based on our previous results, we ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females, mainly because of metastasis. Oncometabolites, produced via metabolic reprogramming, can influence metastatic signaling cascades. Accordingly, and based on our previous results, we propose that metabolites from highly metastatic breast cancer cells behave differently from less-metastatic cells and may play a significant role in metastasis. For instance, we aim to identify these metabolites and their role in breast cancer metastasis. Less metastatic cells (MCF-7) were treated with metabolites secreted from highly metastatic cells (MDA-MB-231) and the gene expression of three epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin were examined. Some metabolites secreted from MDA-MB-231 cells significantly induced EMT activity. Specifically, hypoxanthine demonstrated a significant EMT effect and increased the migration and invasion effects of MCF-7 cells through a hypoxia-associated mechanism. Hypoxanthine exhibited pro-angiogenic effects via increasing the VEGF and PDGF gene expression and affected lipid metabolism by increasing the gene expression of PCSK-9. Notably, knockdown of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, a gene encoding for an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of hypoxanthine, and inhibition of hypoxanthine uptake caused a significant decrease in hypoxanthine-associated EMT effects. Collectively for the first time, hypoxanthine was identified as a novel metastasis-associated metabolite in breast cancer cells and represents a promising target for diagnosis and therapy.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2-free residual proteins mediated phenotypic and metabolic changes in peripheral blood monocytic-derived macrophages in support of viral pathogenesis.

Mohammad G Mohammad / Naglaa S Ashmawy / Ahmed M Al-Rawi / Ameera Abu-Qiyas / Alshaimaa M Hamoda / Rania Hamdy / Salam Dakalbab / Shahad Arikat / Dana Salahat / Mohamed Madkour / Sameh S M Soliman

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 1, p e

2023 Volume 0280592

Abstract: The large-scale dissemination of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and its serious complications have pledged the scientific research communities to uncover the pathogenesis mechanisms of its etiologic agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome ... ...

Abstract	The large-scale dissemination of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and its serious complications have pledged the scientific research communities to uncover the pathogenesis mechanisms of its etiologic agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods of unveiling such mechanisms are rooted in understanding the viral agent's interactions with the immune system, including its ability to activate macrophages, due to their suggested role in prolonged inflammatory phases and adverse immune responses. The objective of this study is to test the effect of SARS-CoV-2-free proteins on the metabolic and immune responses of macrophages. We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 proteins shed during the infection cycle may dynamically induce metabolic and immunologic alterations with an inflammatory impact on the infected host cells. It is imperative to delineate such alterations in the context of macrophages to gain insight into the pathogenesis of these highly infectious viruses and their associated complications and thus, expedite the vaccine and drug therapy advent in combat of viral infections. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with SARS-CoV-2-free proteins at different concentrations. The phenotypic and metabolic alterations in macrophages were investigated and the subsequent metabolic pathways were analyzed. The obtained results indicated that SARS-CoV-2-free proteins induced concentration-dependent alterations in the metabolic and phenotypic profiles of macrophages. Several metabolic pathways were enriched following treatment, including vitamin K, propanoate, and the Warburg effect. These results indicate significant adverse effects driven by residual viral proteins that may hence be considered determinants of viral pathogenesis. These findings provide important insight as to the impact of SARS-CoV-2-free residual proteins on the host cells and suggest a potential new method of management during the infection and prior to vaccination.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: New Quinoline-Based Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents Targeting Bcl-2

Rania Hamdy / Samia A. Elseginy / Noha I. Ziedan / Arwyn T. Jones / Andrew D. Westwell

Molecules, Vol 24, Iss 7, p

2019 Volume 1274

Abstract: The Bcl-2 protein has been studied as an anticancer drug target in recent years, due to its gatekeeper role in resisting programmed cancer cell death (apoptosis), and the design of BH3 domain mimetics has led to the clinical approval of Venetoclax (ABT- ... ...

Abstract	The Bcl-2 protein has been studied as an anticancer drug target in recent years, due to its gatekeeper role in resisting programmed cancer cell death (apoptosis), and the design of BH3 domain mimetics has led to the clinical approval of Venetoclax (ABT-199) for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. In this work we extend our previous studies on the discovery of indole-based heterocycles as Bcl-2 inhibitors, to the identification of quinolin-4-yl based oxadiazole and triazole analogues. Target compounds were readily synthesized via a common aryl-substituted quinolin-4-carbonyl- N -arylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide ( 5a–b ) intermediate, through simple variation of the basic cyclisation conditions. Some of the quinoline-based oxadiazole analogues (e.g. compound 6i ) were found to exhibit sub-micromolar anti-proliferative activity in Bcl-2-expressing cancer cell lines, and sub-micromolar IC 50 activity within a Bcl2-Bim peptide ELISA assay. The Bcl-2 targeted anticancer activity of 6i was further rationalised via computational molecular modelling, offering possibilities to extend this work into the design of further potent and selective Bcl-2 inhibitory heteroaromatics with therapeutic potential.
Keywords	aromatic heterocycles ; quinoline ; oxadiazole ; triazole ; anticancer ; Bcl-2 inhibitor ; ELISA ; molecular modelling ; apoptosis ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	610 ; 540
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of New Bioactive Oxadiazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents Targeting Bcl-2

Rania Hamdy / Samia A. Elseginy / Noha I. Ziedan / Mohamed El-Sadek / Elsaid Lashin / Arwyn T. Jones / Andrew D. Westwell

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 8980, p

2020 Volume 8980

Abstract: A series of 2-(1 H -indol-3-yl)-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 4a–m, were designed, synthesized and tested in vitro as potential pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 inhibitory anticancer agents based on our previously reported hit compounds. Synthesis of the target 1, ... ...

Abstract	A series of 2-(1 H -indol-3-yl)-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 4a–m, were designed, synthesized and tested in vitro as potential pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 inhibitory anticancer agents based on our previously reported hit compounds. Synthesis of the target 1,3,4-oxadiazoles was readily accomplished through a cyclization reaction of indole carboxylic acid hydrazide 2 with substituted carboxylic acid derivatives 3a–m in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. New compounds 4a–m showed a range of IC 50 values concentrated in the low micromolar range selectively in Bcl-2 positive human cancer cell lines. The most potent candidate 4-trifluoromethyl substituted analogue 4j showed selective IC 50 values of 0.52–0.88 μM against Bcl-2 expressing cell lines with no inhibitory effects in the Bcl-2 negative cell line. Moreover, 4j showed binding that was two-fold more potent than the positive control gossypol in the Bcl-2 ELISA binding affinity assay. Molecular modeling studies helped to further rationalize anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 binding and identified compound 4j as a candidate with drug-like properties for further investigation as a selective Bcl-2 inhibitory anticancer agent.
Keywords	oxadiazole ; indole ; aromatic heterocycle ; anticancer ; Bcl-2 inhibitor ; chemical synthesis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Iterated Virtual Screening-Assisted Antiviral and Enzyme Inhibition Assays Reveal the Discovery of Novel Promising Anti-SARS-CoV-2 with Dual Activity

Rania Hamdy / Bahgat Fayed / Ahmed Mostafa / Noura M. Abo Shama / Sara Hussein Mahmoud / Chetan Hasmukh Mehta / Yogendra Nayak / Sameh S. M. Soliman

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 9057, p

2021 Volume 9057

Abstract: Unfortunately, COVID-19 is still a threat to humankind and has a dramatic impact on human health, social life, the world economy, and food security. With the limited number of suggested therapies under clinical trials, the discovery of novel therapeutic ... ...

Abstract	Unfortunately, COVID-19 is still a threat to humankind and has a dramatic impact on human health, social life, the world economy, and food security. With the limited number of suggested therapies under clinical trials, the discovery of novel therapeutic agents is essential. Here, a previously identified anti-SARS-CoV-2 compound named Compound 13 (1,2,5-Oxadiazole-3-carboximidic acid, 4,4′-(methylenediimino) bis,bis[[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide) was subjected to an iterated virtual screening against SARS-CoV-2 M pro using a combination of Ligand Designer and PathFinder. PathFinder, a computational reaction enumeration tool, was used for the rapid generation of enumerated structures via default reaction library. Ligand designer was employed for the computerized lead optimization and selection of the best structural modification that resulted in a favorable ligand–protein complex. The obtained compounds that showed the best binding to M pro were re-screened against TMPRSS2, leading to the identification of 20 shared compounds. The compounds were further visually inspected, which resulted in the identification of five shared compounds M1–5 with dual binding affinity. In vitro evaluation and enzyme inhibition assay indicated that M3 , an analogue of Compound 13 afforded by replacing the phenolic moiety with pyridinyl, possesses an improved antiviral activity and safety. M3 displayed in vitro antiviral activity with IC 50 0.016 µM and M pro inhibition activity with IC 50 0.013 µM, 7-fold more potent than the parent Compound 13 and potent than the antivirals drugs that are currently under clinical trials. Moreover, M3 showed potent activity against human TMPRSS2 and furin enzymes with IC 50 0.05, and 0.08 µM, respectively. Molecular docking, WaterMap analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and R-group analysis confirmed the superiority of the binding fit to M3 with the target enzymes. WaterMap analysis calculated the thermodynamic properties of the hydration site in the binding pocket that significantly ...
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; iterated virtual screening ; M pro ; TMPRSS2 ; in vitro antiviral activity ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: New Bioactive Fused Triazolothiadiazoles as Bcl-2-Targeted Anticancer Agents

Rania Hamdy / Arwyn T. Jones / Mohamed El-Sadek / Alshaimaa M. Hamoda / Sarra B. Shakartalla / Zainab M. AL Shareef / Sameh S. M. Soliman / Andrew D. Westwell

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12272, p

2021 Volume 12272

Abstract: A series of 3-(6-substituted phenyl-[1,2,4]-triazolo[3,4-b]-[1,3,4]-thiadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indoles ( 5a – l ) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-inhibitory activity. Synthesis of the target compounds was readily accomplished ... ...

Abstract	A series of 3-(6-substituted phenyl-[1,2,4]-triazolo[3,4-b]-[1,3,4]-thiadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indoles ( 5a – l ) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-inhibitory activity. Synthesis of the target compounds was readily accomplished through a reaction of acyl hydrazide ( 1 ) with carbon disulfide in the presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide to afford the corresponding intermediate potassium thiocarbamate salt ( 2 ), which underwent cyclization reaction in the presence of excess hydrazine hydrate to the corresponding triazole thiol ( 3 ). Further cyclisation reaction with substituted benzoyl chloride derivatives in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride afforded the final 6-phenyl-indol-3-yl [1,2,4]-triazolo[3,4-b]-[1,3,4]-thiadiazole compounds ( 5a – l ). The novel series showed selective sub-micromolar IC 50 growth-inhibitory activity against Bcl-2-expressing human cancer cell lines. The most potent 6-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl) substituted analogue ( 5k ) showed selective IC 50 values of 0.31–0.7 µM against Bcl-2-expressing cell lines without inhibiting the Bcl-2-negative cell line (Jurkat). ELISA binding affinity assay (interruption of Bcl-2-Bim interaction) showed potent binding affinity for ( 5k ) with an IC 50 value of 0.32 µM. Moreover, it fulfils drug likeness criteria as a promising drug candidate.
Keywords	triazole ; thiadiazole ; indole ; anticancer ; Bcl-2 inhibitor ; pharmacokinetics ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Intima media thickness as an early predictor of atherosclerosis in Egyptian children with familial Mediterranean fever.

Mahmoud, Samia Salah El-Din / Ismail, Nagwa Abdallah / Farag, Yomna Mohamed / Hashem, Rania Hamdy / Ibrahim, Mona Hamed / Salah, Mohab Mohamed / Tous, Andrew Nasif

Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases

2018 Volume 3, Page(s) e106–e111

Abstract: Introduction: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease. It is characterized by recurrent crises of fever and serosal inflammation. Although FMF patients are symptom free in between attacks, subclinical inflammation continues ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease. It is characterized by recurrent crises of fever and serosal inflammation. Although FMF patients are symptom free in between attacks, subclinical inflammation continues during the attack-free period. Such patients with inflammatory status have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications. We attempted to elucidate the role of arterial wall thickening as a predictor of early atherosclerosis in children affected by FMF and to clarify the links between carotid intima media thickness and the markers of subclinical inflammation serum amyloid A (SAA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Material and methods: It is a case control study. The study comprised 45 Egyptian children diagnosed with FMF and 45 healthy children of matched age and sex who served as controls, without family history or clinical manifestations suggestive of FMF. Laboratory investigations included complete blood count, NLR, PLR, ESR, C-reactive protein and lipid profile. Serum amyloid A levels were determined in both groups using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Assessment of the common carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) in the FMF patients was carried out. Results: The level of SAA was significantly higher in patients than the control subjects with a mean value of 38.30 ng/ml and 23.43 ng/ml respectively ( Conclusions: The mean carotid intima media thickness is higher in cases than the control group. Hence carotid intima media thickness may be used as a tool in the prediction of any atherosclerotic burden in those children.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-07
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2451-0629
ISSN	2451-0629
DOI	10.5114/amsad.2018.77545
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Serum levels of IL-18, IL-12 and TH-1/TH-2 ratio in patients with pre-eclampsia.

El-Kabarity, Rania Hamdy / Naguib, A H

The Egyptian journal of immunology

2011 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: The syndrome of pre-eclampsia has been ascribed to generalized maternal endothelial dysfunction, poor placentation and excessive maternal inflammatory response. It has been suggested that T-helper (Th)2 dominance in normal pregnancy shifts to Th1 ... ...

Abstract	The syndrome of pre-eclampsia has been ascribed to generalized maternal endothelial dysfunction, poor placentation and excessive maternal inflammatory response. It has been suggested that T-helper (Th)2 dominance in normal pregnancy shifts to Th1 dominance in pre-eclampsia and that IL-18 acts in synergy with IL-12 to promote development of T-helper (Th)1 responses. In the present study, serum IL-18 and IL-12 levels and Th1:Th2 ratio were assessed in 120 pregnant women with PE, as well as 60 normotensive pregnant women in their third trimester demographically matched to the diseased women. The results obtained showed that IL-18 was significantly higher in women with PE (whether mild or severe) than in normal pregnancy. The IL-12 was not significantly increased in mild PE but significantly increased in severe cases. The Th1: Th2 ratio was significantly higher in women with PE when compared to normal pregnant women. Such data may suggest that PE is a Th1-type immunity disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukin-12/blood ; Interleukin-18/blood ; Pre-Eclampsia/blood ; Pre-Eclampsia/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-18 ; Interleukin-12 (187348-17-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1110-4902
ISSN	1110-4902
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Article ; Online: Níveis de óxido nítrico mais elevados estão associados à atividade da doença em pacientes egípcios com artrite reumatoide

Adel Mahmoud Ali / Reem Abdelmonem Habeeb / Noran Osama El-Azizi / Dina Aziz Khattab / Rania Ahmed Abo-Shady / Rania Hamdy Elkabarity

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia, Vol 54, Iss 6, Pp 446-

2014 Volume 451

Abstract: Introdução O estresse oxidativo produzido no interior de articulações inflamadas pode produzir fenômenos autoimunes e destruição articular. As espécies radicais com atividade oxidativa, incluindo espécies reativas de nitrogênio, representam mediadores de ...

Abstract	Introdução O estresse oxidativo produzido no interior de articulações inflamadas pode produzir fenômenos autoimunes e destruição articular. As espécies radicais com atividade oxidativa, incluindo espécies reativas de nitrogênio, representam mediadores de inflamação e de lesão cartilaginosa. Objetivos Avaliar o óxido nítrico sérico como marcador de estresse oxidativo em pacientes egípcios com artrite reumatoide e sua relação com a atividade da doença. Métodos 80 com artrite reumatoide foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a pontuação DAS28: Grupo I: 42 pacientes com doença ativa, e Grupo II: 38 pacientes com doença inativa. Quarenta indivíduos equiparados por idade e gênero foram incluídos como grupo controle (Grupo III). Foram realizados exames laboratoriais de rotina e o óxido nítrico foi medido usando Elisa. Radiografias simples das mãos foram feitas para a pontuação do estado radiológico utilizando o método de Sharpe. Resultados A comparação do nível sérico de óxido nítrico entre os três grupos mostrou uma diferença altamente significativa (p < 0,001). Obtiveram-se níveis significativamente mais elevados entre os pacientes com artrite reumatoide em comparação com os controles. Os níveis mais elevados foram obtidos em pacientes com a doença ativa (média±DP 82,38±20,46) em comparação com aqueles com a doença inativa (35,53±7,15). O óxido nítrico no Grupo I exibiu uma correlação positiva significativa com a rigidez matinal (r=0,45), artrite (r=0,43), contagem de plaquetas (r=0,46), velocidade de hemossedimentação (r=0,83), proteína C-reativa (r=0,76) e Índice de Atividade de Doença (r=0,85). O óxido nítrico mostrou uma correlação positiva significativa (r=0,43) com as radiografias das mãos (índice de Sharpe) no Grupo I. Conclusão Observa-se um aumento nos níveis séricos de óxido nítrico em pacientes com artrite reumatoide. O óxido nítrico se correlaciona significativamente com a atividade da doença, marcadores inflamatórios e estado radiológico das articulações.
Keywords	Artrite reumatoide (AR) ; Estresse oxidativo ; Óxido nítrico (NO) ; Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ; RC925-935 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
Language	Portuguese
Publishing date	2014-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Assessment of the role of interleukin-6 in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

El-Folly, Runia Fouad / El-Kabarity, Rania Hamdy / Arafa, Naglaa A

The Egyptian journal of immunology

2010 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 11–22

Abstract: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a promising tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma; HCC. IL-6 may help to identify a subset of HCC patients with low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and may serve as complementary tumor marker, however, this has to be clarified. ...

Abstract	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a promising tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma; HCC. IL-6 may help to identify a subset of HCC patients with low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and may serve as complementary tumor marker, however, this has to be clarified. This study assesses the value of measuring serum level of interleukin-6 in patients with chronic liver disease and HCC, and evaluates its sensitivity and specificity in comparison to AFP in early diagnosis of HCC. Seventy five patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) with or without HCC and 25 healthy controls were included. Patients were divided into Group I: 25 patients with CLD but no evidence of HCC. Group II: 25 patients with HCC on top of post-viral hepatitic with elevation in AFP (> 200 ng); and Group III: 25 patients with HCC on top of post-viral hepatitic but without elevation in AFP (< 200 ng). Analysis of the mean serum IL-6 levels revealed a statistically significant difference between all groups (P < 0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between mean levels of IL- 6 & AFP in HCC (P < 0.05), the mean IL-6 levels in patients with Child classification C was higher than in those with Child A and B.After adjustment using multiple logistic regressions, only loss of weight and AFP were found to be significantly associated with HCC (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the diagnostic value of IL-6 increased when it is associated with AFP measurement. Combining the two markers can provide a new perspective in the diagnosis of HCC.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism ; End Stage Liver Disease/blood ; End Stage Liver Disease/diagnosis ; End Stage Liver Disease/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Liver Neoplasms/blood ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Interleukin-6 ; alpha-Fetoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2010
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ISSN	1110-4902
ISSN	1110-4902
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