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  1. Article ; Online: Ecological Study of Variability in the Relationship between Liver Cancer Mortality and Racial Residential Segregation

    Amin Bemanian / Laura D. Cassidy / Raphael Fraser / Purushottam W. Laud / Kia Saeian / Kirsten M. M. Beyer

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 9732, p

    2021  Volume 9732

    Abstract: Racial segregation has been identified as a predictor for the burden of cancer in several different metropolitan areas across the United States. This ecological study tested relationships between racial segregation and liver cancer mortality across ... ...

    Abstract Racial segregation has been identified as a predictor for the burden of cancer in several different metropolitan areas across the United States. This ecological study tested relationships between racial segregation and liver cancer mortality across several different metropolitan statistical areas in Wisconsin. Tract-level liver cancer mortality rates were calculated using cases from 2003–2012. Hotspot analysis was conducted and segregation scores in high, low, and baseline mortality tracts were compared using ANOVA. Spatial regression analysis was done, controlling for socioeconomic advantage and rurality. Black isolation scores were significantly higher in high-mortality tracts compared to baseline and low-mortality tracts, but stratification by metropolitan areas found this relationship was driven by two of the five metropolitan areas. Hispanic isolation was predictive for higher mortality in regression analysis, but this effect was not found across all metropolitan areas. This study showed associations between liver cancer mortality and racial segregation but also found that this relationship was not generalizable to all metropolitan areas in the study area.
    Keywords racial segregation ; cancer epidemiology ; structural racism ; liver cancer ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A phase 2 trial of a topical antiseptic bundle in head and neck cancer surgery

    Joseph Zenga / Samantha Atkinson / Tina Yen / Becky Massey / Michael Stadler / Jennifer Bruening / William Peppard / Michael Reuben / Michael Hayward / Brian Mesich / Blake Buchan / Nathan Ledeboer / Joyce L. Sanchez / Raphael Fraser / Chien-Wei Lin / Mary L. Holtz / Musaddiq Awan / Stuart J. Wong / Sidharth V. Puram /
    Nita Salzman

    EBioMedicine, Vol 81, Iss , Pp 104099- (2022)

    Effects on surgical site infection and the oral microbiome

    2022  

    Abstract: Summary: Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery remains an important component of management but is associated with a high rate of surgical site infection (SSI). We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a topical mucosal antiseptic bundle in ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery remains an important component of management but is associated with a high rate of surgical site infection (SSI). We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a topical mucosal antiseptic bundle in preventing SSI and evaluate microbial predictors of infection through a genomic sequencing approach. Methods: This study was an open-label, single-arm, single-center, phase 2 trial of a topical mucosal antiseptic bundle in patients with HNC undergoing aerodigestive tract resection and reconstruction. Patients underwent topical preparation of the oral mucosa with povidone-iodine (PI) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) pre- and intra-operatively followed by oral tetracycline ointment every 6 hours for 2 days post-operatively. The primary outcome was change in bacterial bioburden at the oral surgical site. Secondary outcomes included safety, SSI, and microbial predictors of infection. Findings: Of 27 patients screened between January 8, 2021, and May 14, 2021, 26 were enrolled and 25 completed the study. There were no antiseptic-related adverse events. The topical mucosal antiseptic bundle significantly decreased oral bacterial colony-forming units from pre-operative levels (log10 mean difference 4·03, 95%CI 3·13–4·;92). There were three SSI (12%) within 30 days. In correlative genomic studies, a distinct set of amplicon sequence variants in the post-operative microbiome was associated with SSI. Further, despite no instance of post-operative orocervical fistula, metagenomic sequence mapping revealed the oral cavity as the origin of the infectious organism in two of the three SSI. Interpretation: The bacterial strains which subsequently caused SSI were frequently identified in the pre-operative oral cavity. Accordingly, a topical antiseptic bundle decreased oral bacterial bioburden throughout the peri-operative period and was associated with a low rate of SSI, supporting further study of topical antisepsis in HNC surgery. Funding: Alliance Oncology.
    Keywords Surgical site infection ; Topical antisepsis ; Head and neck cancer surgery ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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