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Article ; Online: A review on the induction of host immunity by the current COVID-19 vaccines and a brief non-pharmaceutical intervention to mitigate the pandemic

Rashed Noor

Bulletin of the National Research Centre, Vol 46, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background To mitigate the current COVID-19 pandemic by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), designing of repurposed antiviral drugs and the development of vaccines using different platforms have been the most significant ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background To mitigate the current COVID-19 pandemic by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), designing of repurposed antiviral drugs and the development of vaccines using different platforms have been the most significant work by the scientists around the world since the beginning of 2020. Main body of the abstract While positive results are being noticed with the currently used vaccines, the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic put the global public health in the deadliest health issue. Present review attempted to focus on the development of the current COVID-19 situation in the light of knowledge gathered from the recently published literature. An important facet regarding the COVID-19 severity is the avoidance of host immunity by the SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Indeed, the genetic similarities between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) showed the viral escape strategies of the protective host immunity which appeared as the major problem for the effective vaccine development. Short conclusion Present review discussed the prescribed platforms of vaccine development and pondered on the cellular and humoral immune responses by vaccines; and apart from vaccination approaches, non-pharmaceutical intervention approaches have also been pondered based on modeling rules.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 pandemic ; Second wave ; Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 variants ; Host immunity ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Antiviral drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection triggering the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic

Rashed Noor

Tzu-Chi Medical Journal, Vol 33, Iss 1, Pp 7-

2021 Volume 12

Abstract: So far, lots of analyses have been conducted to invent the appropriate therapeutic targets for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The category and the strategies for treating the virus are described in this review together ... ...

Abstract	So far, lots of analyses have been conducted to invent the appropriate therapeutic targets for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The category and the strategies for treating the virus are described in this review together with mentioning some specific drugs. Of them, saikosaponin possesses affinity of the drug toward nonstructural protein 15 and the spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2. The nucleotide inhibitors such as sofosbuvir, ribavirin, galidesivir, remdesivir, favipiravir, cefuroxime, tenofovir, and hydroxychloroquine (HCHL), setrobuvir, YAK, and IDX-184 were found to be effective in binding to SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. From the antimalarial and anti-inflammatory category, chloroquine and its derivative HCHL have already been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for emergency treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The other drugs such as favipiravir and lopinavir/ritonavir under the antiviral category, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors), remdesivir (RNA polymerase inhibitor) from antiviral category, cepharanthine from anti-inflammatory category, etc., have been pointed based on the previous literature published. Besides, the assessment of the drug repositioning candidates with the related targets is also significant for the viral mitigation.
Keywords	drugs ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection ; therapeutic targets ; viral mitigation ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Reemergence of dengue virus in Bangladesh

Rashed Noor

Tzu-Chi Medical Journal, Vol 32, Iss 3, Pp 227-

Current fatality and the required knowledge

2020 Volume 233

Abstract: The current fatality of dengue among the Bangladeshi population has drawn the interest of the public health professionals primarily to focus on the environmental, social, and clinical reasoning as well the possible remedies. This year, in 2019, the ... ...

Abstract	The current fatality of dengue among the Bangladeshi population has drawn the interest of the public health professionals primarily to focus on the environmental, social, and clinical reasoning as well the possible remedies. This year, in 2019, the dengue situation in Bangladesh has appeared with all its dreadful effects leading to the highest death cases due to dengue virus (DENV) infection. According to the Directorate General of Health Services report, this year (2019) the number of DENV-infected people has appeared to be around five times higher (approximately 50,000 cases so far) compared with the last year, 2018 (around 10,000 cases). The present review discussed the current epidemics of dengue infection in Bangladesh as well the possible means of disease curing in terms of general preventive concepts. However, besides the precise treatment of the dengue-affected patients, the knowledge on DENV genome and on the protective immunity against such reemerging disease is essential.
Keywords	bangladesh ; dengue ; public health ; secondary infection ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccines

Rashed Noor / Saadia Shareen / Muntasir Billah

Bulletin of the National Research Centre, Vol 46, Iss 1, Pp 1-

their effectiveness against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its emerging variants

2022 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background The world has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic (officially declared by WHO in March 2020), caused by the severe acute respiratory β-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since the last week of December 2019. The disease was initially ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The world has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic (officially declared by WHO in March 2020), caused by the severe acute respiratory β-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since the last week of December 2019. The disease was initially designated as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020. In order to protect the health of mass public, an array of research on drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has been conducted globally. However, the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, i.e., Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants which evolved in late 2020 and the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) which emerged in November 2021 along with its subvariant BA.2 which was first identified in India and South Africa in late December 2021, have raised the doubt about the efficiency of the currently used vaccines especially in terms of the consistent potential to produce neutralizing antibodies targeting the viral spike (S) protein. Main body of the abstract The present review discussed the functional details of major vaccines regarding their efficiency against such variants during the pandemic. Overall, the mRNA vaccines have shown around 94% effectiveness; the adenovector vaccine showed approximately 70% efficacy, whereas Sputnik V vaccines showed around 92% effectiveness; the inactivated whole-virus vaccine CoronaVac/PiCoVacc and BBIBP-CorV showed a varying effectiveness of 65–86% according to the geographic locations; the subunit vaccine NVX-CoV2373 has shown 60–89% effectiveness along with the global regions against the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 strain. However, reduced effectiveness of these vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 variants was noticed which is suggestive for the further administration of booster dose. Short conclusion Maximum variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerged during the second wave of COVID-19; and extensive studies on the viral genomic sequences from all geographical locations around the world have been conducted by an array of groups to assess the possible occurrence of mutations(s) specially within the receptor binding domain of the viral spike (S) protein. Mutational similarities and the new or critical mutations within all variants have been clearly identified so far. The study of effectiveness of the currently used vaccines is also ongoing. The persistence of memory B cell action and the other immune components as well as the administration of booster dose is expected to mitigate the disease.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines ; Variants ; Mutations ; Vaccine effectiveness ; Science ; Q
Subject code	900
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Zika virus

Rashed Noor / Tasnia Ahmed

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Vol 11, Iss 5, Pp 611-

Epidemiological study and its association with public health risk

2018 Volume 616

Abstract: Propagation of Zika virus has become an alarming global public health issue. The infection is spreading rapidly to different countries by several methods, especially by the transmission through traveling. Bangladesh is also at a risk to be affected with ... ...

Abstract	Propagation of Zika virus has become an alarming global public health issue. The infection is spreading rapidly to different countries by several methods, especially by the transmission through traveling. Bangladesh is also at a risk to be affected with such newly viral infections. Though the virus initially appears to cause mild problems, the long term effects are more devastating to the next generation as seen in case of the delivery of the microcephalic babies. Current review discussed the epidemiologic era of the virus; i.e., the administration of Zika virus in the non-human mammals and finally to the human host across the world. Typical sign-symptoms which can often be considered as dengue or chikungunya for their similarities have been stated. The diagnosis of Zika virus, the protective measures taken by mass people as well as the actions that should be endorsed to prevent acquisition of the infection from travelers are discussed. Keywords: Zika virus, Bangladesh, Microcephaly, Epidemic transmission, Public health risk
Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Microorganisms and cardiovascular diseases

Rashed Noor / Adiba Naz / Syeda Muntaka Maniha / Nafisa Tabassum / Tasmin Tabassum / Tahsin Tabassum / Masuma Afrin Taniya / Muntasir Billah

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Vol 26, Iss 5, Pp 22-

importance of gut bacteria

2021 Volume 28

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarctions, myocarditis, strokes, coronary artery disease, chronic granulomatous disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, etc. can be regarded as the severe health trouble round the globe. The reasons ...

Abstract	Cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarctions, myocarditis, strokes, coronary artery disease, chronic granulomatous disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, etc. can be regarded as the severe health trouble round the globe. The reasons behind the heart related complications have been well chalked our so far. Interestingly, along with the non-infectious reasons, an array of bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses is known to cause different types of heart complications. Unfortunately, the role of microorganisms in inducing heart diseases is not that much known by the mass community in the underdeveloped and even in the developing countries over the world. However, among the microorganisms causing heart diseases, the multifaceted bionetwork by the gut microorganisms especially drew the interests of microbiologists. The impairment of cardiac membrane, the metabolic malfunction of heart, and imbalance in the functionality of the immune cells by the alternation in the composition of gut microorganisms are currently not unknown. Present review outlined the onset of heart diseases caused by the gut microflora in a simple way which would be important in public health regard.
Keywords	microorganisms ; cardiovascular diseases ; gut bacteria ; immune cells ; public health ; review ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IMR Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Microbiological quality of pharmaceutical products in Bangladesh

Rashed Noor / Nagma Zerin / Kamal Kanta Das

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, Vol 5, Iss 4, Pp 264-

current research perspective

2015 Volume 270

Abstract: Pharmaceutical industrialization in Bangladesh, both by multinational and local companies, has increased significantly in the last two decades. Most of the pharmaceutical products are found to be therapeutically competent to meet the demands of general ... ...

Abstract	Pharmaceutical industrialization in Bangladesh, both by multinational and local companies, has increased significantly in the last two decades. Most of the pharmaceutical products are found to be therapeutically competent to meet the demands of general population satisfactorily. However, complaints regarding the compromised quality of the products stored in markets are also reported very often. In order to ensure the overall drug user safety, the present review discussed the prime requirements for maintaining the desired microbiological quality of the commonly used pharmaceutical products in Bangladesh. Information relating to the prevalence of bacteria, fungi and the specific pathogens has been collected mostly from the recent researches conducted on an array of finished pharmaceutical medicaments. All data, achieved by means of traditional microbiological and biochemical analyses as described in the published papers cited in this review, have been further critically analyzed in context to the recommended microbial limits, user safety and the legislative aspects. Microbial contamination usually degrades the product quality as well as the product stability, which in turn creates treatment complications. Moreover, through microbial spoilage within the medicament, active drug constituents may be transformed to less potent or chemically inactive forms. Contamination by bacteria and fungi generally occur either from raw materials, manufacturing environment or at the storage stage which may hinder the consumer safety. This review article presented some valid evidences for microbial contamination in the pharmaceutical finished products in Bangladesh and discusses about possible remedies to improve the overall management of public health.
Keywords	Pharmaceutical microbiology ; Product quality ; Consumer safety ; Public health ; Medicine ; R ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A comparative study between the severe acute respiratory syndrome–Coronavirus-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Syed Abdullah Ibn Asaduzzaman / Amayna Zakaria / Ilora Shabnam Kheya / Nazmul Fahad / Yusra Binte Sikandar / Rashed Noor

Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal, Vol 4, Iss 5, Pp 65-

2020 Volume 74

Abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of public health emergency of international concern. Within the last two decades, the prevalence of the epidemics by the acute respiratory ... ...

Abstract	The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of public health emergency of international concern. Within the last two decades, the prevalence of the epidemics by the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus has also been observed. Therefore, regarding these three coronaviruses, certain critical issues have been focused in the current review concerning their evolution and transmission, genomic influence on the corresponding virulence, immunopathogenesis, and the preventive measures including the vaccination strategies and the antiviral therapies.
Keywords	covid-19 pandemic ; middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus ; public health ; sars-cov ; severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 ; Biotechnology ; TP248.13-248.65 ; covid19
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Demonstration of in vitro antibacterial activity of the popular cosmetics items used by the Dhaka locality

Tanzia Akon / Kamal Kanta Das / Luthfun Naher Nitu / Rashed Noor

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, Vol 5, Iss Sup 1, Pp 121-

2015 Volume 126

Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate the antibacterial activity of cosmetic products commonly used by the community of Dhaka metropolis. Methods: A total of 10 categories of cosmetic samples (with a subtotal of 30 brands) were subjected to microbiological analysis ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To demonstrate the antibacterial activity of cosmetic products commonly used by the community of Dhaka metropolis. Methods: A total of 10 categories of cosmetic samples (with a subtotal of 30 brands) were subjected to microbiological analysis through conventional culture and biochemical tests. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial trait in the tested samples which was further confirmed by the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Results: All samples were found to be populated with bacteria and fungi up to 105 CFU/ g and 103 CFU/g, respectively. Growth of Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Klebsiella spp. was recorded as well. Conversely, 7 out of 30 items were found to exhibit the in vitro antibacterial activity against an array of laboratory test bacterial species including Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp. and Listeria spp. Consequently, all the samples showed antibacterial activity below the concentration of 0.46 mg/mL as found in the minimum inhibitory concentration test. Conclusions: Overall, the presence of huge microbial population in cosmetic products is not acceptable from the point microbiological contamination level. The antibacterial trait of these items, in contrary, may draw an overall public health impact.
Keywords	Cosmetics ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Antibacterial activity ; Public health ; Medicine ; R ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Microbiological analysis of common preservatives used in food items and demonstration of their in vitro anti-bacterial activity

Tohora Sultana / Jwel Rana / Sowmitra Ranjan Chakraborty / Kamal Kanta Das / Tasmina Rahman / Rashed Noor

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, Vol 4, Iss 6, Pp 452-

2014 Volume 456

Abstract: Objective: To quantify the microorganisms contaminating the common preservatives used in food as well as to detect their in vitro anti-bacterial traits. Methods: A total of 9 preservatives were subjected to conventional cultural and biochemical methods ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To quantify the microorganisms contaminating the common preservatives used in food as well as to detect their in vitro anti-bacterial traits. Methods: A total of 9 preservatives were subjected to conventional cultural and biochemical methods for microbial enumeration. Anti-bacterial activities were demonstrated through the agar well diffusion method. Results: All samples were found to be contaminated with bacteria up to 105 CFU/g and with the fungal flora within a range of 1 01-1 02 CFU/g. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were demonstrated in most of the samples. Sodium sulfite and citric acid possessed the strongest anti-bacterial trait against all of the test bacteria. Acetic acid exhibited activity against 6 out of 8 test bacteria while vinegar exhibited the activity against 4 bacteria. Activity of salt was demonstrated only against Listeria spp. and Bacillus spp., while activity of sugar and honey was found only against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., respectively. Conclusions: According to the current investigation, sodium sulfite and citric acid samples were found to be satisfactory preservatives both in terms of microbiological criteria and their antibacterial traits.
Keywords	Preservatives ; Microorganisms ; Anti-bacterial activity ; Food safety ; Public health ; Medicine ; R ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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