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Article ; Online: Biomechanics of plate fixation following traditional olecranon osteotomy versus novel proximal ulna osteotomy for visualizing a distal humerus injury.

Daneshvar, Parham / Gee, Aaron / Brzozowski, Pawel / Schemitsch, Emil H / Rasoulinejad, Parham / Zdero, Radovan

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine

2023 Volume 237, Issue 9, Page(s) 1052–1060

Abstract: After a distal humeral injury, olecranon osteotomy (OO) is a traditional way to visualize the distal humerus for performing fracture fixation. In contrast, the current authors previously showed that novel proximal ulna osteotomy (PUO) allows better ... ...

Abstract	After a distal humeral injury, olecranon osteotomy (OO) is a traditional way to visualize the distal humerus for performing fracture fixation. In contrast, the current authors previously showed that novel proximal ulna osteotomy (PUO) allows better access to the distal humerus without ligamentous compromise. Therefore, this study biomechanically compared plating repair following OO versus PUO. The left or right ulna from eight matched pairs of human cadaveric elbows were randomly assigned to receive OO or PUO and repaired using pre-contoured titanium plates. Destructive and non-destructive mechanical tests were performed to assess stability. Mechanical tests on OO versus PUO groups yielded average results for ulna cantilever bending stiffness at a 90° elbow angle (29.6 vs 30.5 N/mm,
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Olecranon Process/surgery ; Olecranon Process/injuries ; Elbow ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Ulna/surgery ; Humerus/surgery ; Fractures, Bone ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Bone Plates ; Osteotomy/methods ; Humeral Fractures/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1065942-0
ISSN	2041-3033 ; 0046-2039 ; 0954-4119
ISSN (online)	2041-3033
ISSN	0046-2039 ; 0954-4119
DOI	10.1177/09544119231189108
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Article: L3-L4 Hyperlordosis and Decreased Lower Lumbar Lordosis Following Short-Segment L4-L5 Lumbar Fusion Surgery is Associated With L3-L4 Revision Surgery for Adjacent Segment Stenosis.

Herrington, Brandon J / Fernandes, Renan R / Urquhart, Jennifer C / Rasoulinejad, Parham / Siddiqi, Fawaz / Bailey, Christopher S

Global spine journal

2023 , Page(s) 21925682231191414

Abstract: Study design: Retrospective review of prospective cohort.: Objectives: Reoperation at L3-L4 for adjacent segment disease (ASD) is common after L4-L5 spine fusion. L4-S1 lower lumbar lordosis (LLL) accounts for the majority of global lumbar lordosis ( ... ...

Abstract	Study design: Retrospective review of prospective cohort. Objectives: Reoperation at L3-L4 for adjacent segment disease (ASD) is common after L4-L5 spine fusion. L4-S1 lower lumbar lordosis (LLL) accounts for the majority of global lumbar lordosis (GLL) and is modifiable during surgery. We sought to determine if a reduction in LLL leads to an increase in L3-L4 focal lumbar lordosis (L3-L4 FLL) and resulting risk of ASD at L3-L4. Methods: We reviewed the records of a prospective cohort with lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent L4-L5 or L4-L5-S1 fusion between 2006 and 2012. Radiographic parameters-GLL, LLL, L3-L4 FLL, upper lumbar lordosis, lordosis distribution index, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence-were extracted from preoperative and postoperative lumbar spine radiographs. Statistical comparisons were made between those who underwent revision for post-fusion adjacent level stenosis at L3-L4 (REVISION) and those who did not (NO REVISION). Results: Inclusion criteria were met by 104 patients. The REVISION cohort included 19 individuals. No significant differences in baseline demographics or operative details for the index procedure were found between groups. Postoperatively, when compared to the NO REVISION cohort, the REVISION cohort had a decrease in LLL (-2.6° vs + 1.5°, Conclusions: A reduction in LLL and compensatory increase in L3-L4 FLL after initial lower lumbar fusion surgery resulted in more reoperation at L3-L4 for post-fusion adjacent level spinal stenosis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2648287-3
ISSN	2192-5690 ; 2192-5682
ISSN (online)	2192-5690
ISSN	2192-5682
DOI	10.1177/21925682231191414
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Article ; Online: A systematic review of metal ion concentrations following instrumented spinal fusion.

Siddiqi, Omar / Urquhart, Jennifer C / Rasoulinejad, Parham

Spine deformity

2020 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–40

Abstract: Purpose: Metallic spinal implants undergo wear and corrosion which liberates ionic or particulate metal debris. The purpose of this study was to identify and review studies that report the concentration of metal ions following multi-level spinal fusion ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Metallic spinal implants undergo wear and corrosion which liberates ionic or particulate metal debris. The purpose of this study was to identify and review studies that report the concentration of metal ions following multi-level spinal fusion and to evaluate the impact on clinical outcomes. Methods: Databases (PubMed, EBSCO MEDLINE) were searched up to August 2019 for studies in English-language assessing metal ion levels [chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni)] in whole blood, serum, or plasma after spinal fusion using a specific search string. Study, patient, and implant characteristics, method of analysis, metal ion concentration, as well as clinical and radiographic results was extracted. Results: The systematic search yielded 18 studies encompassing 653 patients. 9 studies reported Ti ions, eight reported Cr, and six reported Ni. Ti levels were elevated compared to controls/reference range/preoperative baseline in seven studies with the other two reporting no difference. Cr levels were elevated compared to controls/reference range in seven studies with one reporting no difference. Ni levels showed no difference from controls/reference range in four studies with one reporting above normal and another elevated compared to controls. Radiographic evidence of corrosion, implant failure, pseudarthrosis, revision surgery and adverse reaction reporting was highly variable. Conclusion: Metal ions are elevated after instrumented spinal fusion; notably Cr levels from stainless steel implants and Ti from titanium implants. The association between clinical and radiographic outcomes remain uncertain but is concerning. Further research with standardized reporting over longer follow-up periods is indicated to evaluate the clinical impact and minimizing risk.
MeSH term(s)	Chromium ; Humans ; Ions ; Metals ; Spinal Diseases ; Spinal Fusion/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Ions ; Metals ; Chromium (0R0008Q3JB)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2717704-X
ISSN	2212-1358 ; 2212-134X ; 2212-1358
ISSN (online)	2212-1358 ; 2212-134X
ISSN	2212-1358
DOI	10.1007/s43390-020-00177-3
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Article ; Online: Accuracy of Patient-Specific Drill Guide Template for Bilateral C1-C2 Laminar Screw Placement: A Cadaveric Study.

Fernandes, Renan J R / Gee, Aaron / Schneider, Nicole / Kanawati, Andrew J / Bailey, Christopher S / Rasoulinejad, Parham

World neurosurgery

2022 Volume 162, Page(s) e225–e234

Abstract: Objective: We sought to evaluate the accuracy of using patient-specific drill guides to place bilateral laminar screws in C1 and C2.: Methods: Nine cervical specimens (8 males; mean age: 66.6 [56-73]) with the occiput attached (C0-C3) were used in ... ...

Abstract	Objective: We sought to evaluate the accuracy of using patient-specific drill guides to place bilateral laminar screws in C1 and C2. Methods: Nine cervical specimens (8 males; mean age: 66.6 [56-73]) with the occiput attached (C0-C3) were used in this study. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were used to create digital anatomic models for templating and guide creation. A total of 36 screws were placed with the aid of 3-dimensional printed, patient-specific guides (2 screws at C1 and C2). Postoperative CT scans were performed following screw insertion. The planned and actual trajectories were compared using preoperative and postoperative imaging based on the angular and entry point deviation. After screw placement and postoperative imaging, each specimen was dissected and performed a visual inspection for breaches. Results: No breaches or violations were observed on postprocedural CT and visual inspection. The average variation of the entry point in the X, Y, and Z axes was 0.3 ± 0.28, 0.41 ± 0.38, and 0.29 ± 0.24, respectively. No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between the planned and obtained entry points. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the deviation analysis between the planned and obtained angles in the axial and coronal planes. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that patient-specific drill guides allow for accurate C1 and C2 bilateral laminar screw placement, with a low risk of cortical breach.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Bone Screws ; Cadaver ; Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Pedicle Screws ; Spinal Fusion/methods ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2534351-8
ISSN	1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
ISSN (online)	1878-8769
ISSN	1878-8750
DOI	10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.126
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Article: Sagittal alignment in operative degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: a scoping review.

Thornley, Patrick / Meade, Matthew H / Oitment, Colby / Fernandes, Renan Rodrigues / Urquhart, Jennifer C / Singh, Supriya / Siddiqi, Fawaz / Rasoulinejad, Parham / Bailey, Christopher S

Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)

2023 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 314–322

Abstract: Background: The benefit of surgical intervention over conservative treatment for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) patients with neurologic symptoms is well-established. However, it is currently unclear what breadth of available evidence ... ...

Abstract	Background: The benefit of surgical intervention over conservative treatment for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) patients with neurologic symptoms is well-established. However, it is currently unclear what breadth of available evidence exists on regional and global sagittal alignment in DLS surgery. As such, the purpose of the current study is to conduct a scoping review to map and synthesize the DLS literature regarding the current radiographic assessment of sagittal spinal alignment in DLS surgery. Methods: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from January 1971 to January 2023 was performed for all DLS studies examining sagittal spinal alignment parameters with DLS surgery according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) protocol. Results: From 2,222 studies, a total of 109 studies were included, representing 10,730 patients with an average age of 63.0 years old and average follow-up of 35.1 months postoperatively. Among included studies, 93 (85%), were largely published in the last decade and predominantly represented retrospective cohorts 70 (64%) or case series 22 (20%). A common theme among the reporting of radiographic parameters in the included investigations was the assessment of the magnitude and/or maintenance of a radiographic change postoperatively, with 92 (84%) studies reporting these findings. The majority of studies focused on index DLS level [33 (30%) studies] or lumbar spine radiographic imaging [33 (30%) studies] only. Thirty-seven (34%) studies reported spinopelvic parameters, with only 13 (12%) of included studies assessing 36-inch standing lateral radiographs and overall alignment. Conclusions: There is increasing prevalence of investigations assessing sagittal spinal alignment parameters in DLS surgery. Although, there is an increasing prevalence of studies investigating sagittal spinal alignment parameters in DLS surgery the quality of the currently available literature on this topic is of overall low evidence and largely retrospective in nature. Additionally, there is limited analysis of global sagittal spinal alignment in DLS suggesting that future investigational emphasis should prioritize longitudinally followed large prospective cohorts or multi-centre randomized controlled trials. Attempts at standardizing the radiographic and functional outcome reporting techniques across multi-centre investigations and prospective cohorts will allow for more robust, reproducible analyses of significance to be conducted on DLS patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-11
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2874556-5
ISSN	2414-4630 ; 2414-469X
ISSN (online)	2414-4630
ISSN	2414-469X
DOI	10.21037/jss-23-26
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Article ; Online: The Impact of Surgical Site Infection on Patient Outcomes After Open Posterior Instrumented Thoracolumbar Surgery for Degenerative Disorders.

Urquhart, Jennifer C / Gurr, Kevin R / Siddiqi, Fawaz / Rasoulinejad, Parham / Bailey, Christopher S

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume

2021 Volume 103, Issue 22, Page(s) 2105–2114

Abstract: Background: Few reports in the literature have described the long-term outcome of postoperative infection from the patient perspective. The aim of the present study was to determine if complicated surgical site infection (SSI) affects functional ... ...

Abstract	Background: Few reports in the literature have described the long-term outcome of postoperative infection from the patient perspective. The aim of the present study was to determine if complicated surgical site infection (SSI) affects functional recovery and surgical outcomes up to 2 years after posterior instrumented thoracolumbar surgery for the treatment of degenerative disorders. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved patients who had been enrolled in a previous randomized controlled trial that examined antibiotic use for open posterior multilevel thoracolumbar or lumbar instrumented fusion procedures. In the present study, patients who had SSI (n = 79) were compared with those who did not (n = 456). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), leg and back pain scores on a numeric rating scale, Short Form-12 (SF-12) summary scores, and satisfaction with treatment at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Surgical outcomes included adverse events, readmissions, and additional surgery. Results: The median time to infection was 15 days. Of the 535 patients, 31 (5.8%) had complicated infections and 48 (9.0%) had superficial infections. Patients with an infection had a higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.001), had more commonly received preoperative vancomycin (p = 0.050), were more likely to have had a revision as the index procedure (p = 0.004), had worse preoperative mental functioning (mental component summary score, 40.7 ± 1.6 versus 44.1 ± 0.6), had more operatively treated levels (p = 0.024), and had a higher rate of additional surgery (p = 0.001). At 6 months after surgery, patients who developed an infection scored worse on the ODI by 5.3 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4 to 10.1 points) and had worse physical functioning by -4.0 points (95% CI, -6.8 to -1.2 points). Comparison between the groups at 1 and 2 years showed no difference in functional outcomes, satisfaction with treatment, or the likelihood of achieving the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for the ODI. Conclusions: SSI more than doubled the post-discharge emergency room visit and additional surgery rates. Patients with SSI initially (6 months) had poorer overall physical function representing the delay to recovery; however, the negative impact resolved by the first postoperative year. Level of evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis/statistics & numerical data ; Back Pain/diagnosis ; Back Pain/etiology ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimal Clinically Important Difference ; Pain Measurement/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; Prospective Studies ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Reoperation/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion/adverse effects ; Spinal Fusion/instrumentation ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology ; Surgical Wound Infection/etiology ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; Surgical Wound Infection/surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae/pathology ; Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	220625-0
ISSN	1535-1386 ; 0021-9355
ISSN (online)	1535-1386
ISSN	0021-9355
DOI	10.2106/JBJS.20.02141
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Article ; Online: Geometric and volumetric relationship between human lumbar vertebrae and "Black-bone" MRI-based models.

Kanawati, Andrew / Rodrigues Fernandes, Renan Jose / Gee, Aaron / Urquhart, Jennifer / Bailey, Chris / Rasoulinejad, Parham

The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS

2021 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e2220

Abstract: Background: This study will examine the differences between human lumbar vertebrae, three-dimensional (3D) scans of these bones, 3D models based on 'Black-bone' magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and 3D-printed models.: Materials and methods: 3D ...

Abstract	Background: This study will examine the differences between human lumbar vertebrae, three-dimensional (3D) scans of these bones, 3D models based on 'Black-bone' magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and 3D-printed models. Materials and methods: 3D mesh models were created from the "Black-bone" MRI data from two cadaveric human spines, and then 3D printed. Four models were analysed and compared: anatomic bones, 3D-scanned models, MRI models and 3D-printed models. Results: There was no significant difference between when comparing the average of all measurements between all model types (p = 0.81). The mean dice coefficient was 0.91 (SD 0.016) and the mean Hausdorff distance was 0.37 mm (SD 0.04 mm) when comparing the MRI model to the 3D-scanned model. The mean volumes for the MRI model and the 3D scanned model were 10.42 and 10.04 ml (p = 0.085), respectively. Conclusions: The 'Black-bone' MRI could be a valid radiation-free alternative to computed tomography for the 3D printing of lumbar spinal biomodels.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models, Anatomic ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2151860-9
ISSN	1478-596X ; 1478-5951
ISSN (online)	1478-596X
ISSN	1478-5951
DOI	10.1002/rcs.2220
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Article ; Online: Automated comprehensive Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis assessment using MVC-Net.

Wu, Hongbo / Bailey, Chris / Rasoulinejad, Parham / Li, Shuo

Medical image analysis

2018 Volume 48, Page(s) 1–11

Abstract: Automated quantitative estimation of spinal curvature is an important task for the ongoing evaluation and treatment planning of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). It solves the widely accepted disadvantage of manual Cobb angle measurement (time- ... ...

Abstract	Automated quantitative estimation of spinal curvature is an important task for the ongoing evaluation and treatment planning of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). It solves the widely accepted disadvantage of manual Cobb angle measurement (time-consuming and unreliable) which is currently the gold standard for AIS assessment. Attempts have been made to improve the reliability of automated Cobb angle estimation. However, it is very challenging to achieve accurate and robust estimation of Cobb angles due to the need for correctly identifying all the required vertebrae in both Anterior-posterior (AP) and Lateral (LAT) view x-rays. The challenge is especially evident in LAT x-ray where occlusion of vertebrae by the ribcage occurs. We therefore propose a novel Multi-View Correlation Network (MVC-Net) architecture that can provide a fully automated end-to-end framework for spinal curvature estimation in multi-view (both AP and LAT) x-rays. The proposed MVC-Net uses our newly designed multi-view convolution layers to incorporate joint features of multi-view x-rays, which allows the network to mitigate the occlusion problem by utilizing the structural dependencies of the two views. The MVC-Net consists of three closely-linked components: (1) a series of X-modules for joint representation of spinal structure (2) a Spinal Landmark Estimator network for robust spinal landmark estimation, and (3) a Cobb Angle Estimator network for accurate Cobb Angles estimation. By utilizing an iterative multi-task training algorithm to train the Spinal Landmark Estimator and Cobb Angle Estimator in tandem, the MVC-Net leverages the multi-task relationship between landmark and angle estimation to reliably detect all the required vertebrae for accurate Cobb angles estimation. Experimental results on 526 x-ray images from 154 patients show an impressive 4.04° Circular Mean Absolute Error (CMAE) in AP Cobb angle and 4.07° CMAE in LAT Cobb angle estimation, which demonstrates the MVC-Net's capability of robust and accurate estimation of Cobb angles in multi-view x-rays. Our method therefore provides clinicians with a framework for efficient, accurate, and reliable estimation of spinal curvature for comprehensive AIS assessment.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Algorithms ; Female ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Male ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Reproducibility of Results ; Scoliosis/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1356436-5
ISSN	1361-8423 ; 1361-8431 ; 1361-8415
ISSN (online)	1361-8423 ; 1361-8431
ISSN	1361-8415
DOI	10.1016/j.media.2018.05.005
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the contact surface between vertebral endplate and 3D printed patient-specific cage vs commercial cage.

Fernandes, Renan Jose Rodrigues / Gee, Aaron / Kanawati, Andrew James / Siddiqi, Fawaz / Rasoulinejad, Parham / Zdero, Radovan / Bailey, Christopher Stewart

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 12505

Abstract: Biomechanical study. To evaluate the performance of the contact surface for 3D printed patient-specific cages using CT-scan 3D endplate reconstructions in comparison to the contact surface of commercial cages. Previous strategies to improve the surface ... ...

Abstract	Biomechanical study. To evaluate the performance of the contact surface for 3D printed patient-specific cages using CT-scan 3D endplate reconstructions in comparison to the contact surface of commercial cages. Previous strategies to improve the surface of contact between the device and the endplate have been employed to attenuate the risk of cage subsidence. Patient-specific cages have been used to help, but only finite-element studies have evaluated the effectiveness of this approach. There is a possible mismatch between the CT-scan endplate image used to generate the cage and the real bony endplate anatomy that could limit the performance of the cages. A cadaveric model is used to investigate the possible mismatch between 3D printed patient-specific cages and the endplate and compare them to commercially available cages (Medtronic Fuse and Capstone). Contact area and contact stress were used as outcomes. When PS cage was compared to the Capstone cage, the mean contact area obtained was 100 ± 23.6 mm
MeSH term(s)	Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Prostheses and Implants ; Spinal Fusion/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-16895-9
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Article ; Online: A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants Used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Gajavelli, Sairam / Gee, Aaron / Bagheri, Z Shaghayegh / Schemitsch, Emil H / Bailey, Christopher S / Rasoulinejad, Parham / Zdero, Radovan

BioMed research international

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 6015067

Abstract: A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is an injury to a vertebra of the spine affecting the cortical walls and/or middle cancellous section. The most common risk factor for a VCF is osteoporosis, thus predisposing the elderly and postmenopausal women to ...

Abstract	A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is an injury to a vertebra of the spine affecting the cortical walls and/or middle cancellous section. The most common risk factor for a VCF is osteoporosis, thus predisposing the elderly and postmenopausal women to this injury. Clinical consequences include loss of vertebral height, kyphotic deformity, altered stance, back pain, reduced mobility, reduced abdominal space, and reduced thoracic space, as well as early mortality. To restore vertebral mechanical stability, overall spine function, and patient quality of life, the original percutaneous surgical intervention has been vertebroplasty, whereby bone cement is injected into the affected vertebra. Because vertebroplasty cannot fully restore vertebral height, newer surgical techniques have been developed, such as kyphoplasty, stents, jacks, coils, and cubes. But, relatively few studies have experimentally assessed the biomechanical performance of these newer procedures. This article reviews over 20 years of scientific literature that has experimentally evaluated the biomechanics of percutaneous VCF repair methods. Specifically, this article describes the basic operating principles of the repair methods, the study protocols used to experimentally assess their biomechanical performance, and the actual biomechanical data measured, as well as giving a number of recommendations for future research directions.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Bone Cements ; Female ; Fractures, Compression/etiology ; Fractures, Compression/surgery ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Fractures/etiology ; Spinal Fractures/surgery ; Spine/surgery
Chemical Substances	Bone Cements
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2698540-8
ISSN	2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
ISSN (online)	2314-6141
ISSN	2314-6133
DOI	10.1155/2022/6015067
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