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  1. Article ; Online: Pesticide residues in drinking water treatment plants and human health risk assessment: a case study from Northern Iran.

    Rastkari, Noushin / Ahmadkhaniha, Reza / Soleymani, Fatemeh / Ravanipour, Masoumeh

    Environmental geochemistry and health

    2024  Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 68

    Abstract: These days, the presence of pesticide residues in drinking water sources is a serious concern. In drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), various methods have been proposed to remove pesticide residues. This study was designed with the objectives of ... ...

    Abstract These days, the presence of pesticide residues in drinking water sources is a serious concern. In drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), various methods have been proposed to remove pesticide residues. This study was designed with the objectives of monitoring the occurrence and seasonal variations of pesticides in the output of drinking water treatment plants in two Northern provinces of Iran, Gilan and Golestan, and identifying their human health risks. Seventeen pesticide residues from different chemical structures were determined by using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed that only Alachlor, Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Malathion, and Chlorpyrifos were detected. The pesticide concentrations ranged from ND to 405.3 ng/L and were higher in the first half-year period. The total non-carcinogenic human health risks was in safe range for infants, children, and adults (HI < 1). The carcinogenic human health risks of Alachlor for infants, children, and adults were in the range of 4.3 × 10
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Pesticide Residues/toxicity ; Pesticide Residues/analysis ; Drinking Water ; Iran ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Pesticides/analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Acetamides
    Chemical Substances Pesticide Residues ; alachlor (24S2S61PXL) ; Drinking Water ; Pesticides ; Acetamides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 52039-1
    ISSN 1573-2983 ; 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    ISSN (online) 1573-2983
    ISSN 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    DOI 10.1007/s10653-024-01878-8
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  2. Article ; Online: Biomonitoring and health risk assessment of exposure to phthalate esters in waste management workers.

    Janjani, Hosna / Rastkari, Noushin / Yousefian, Fatemeh / Aghaei, Mina / Yunesian, Masud

    Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

    2024  Volume 180, Page(s) 76–84

    Abstract: Humans are at risk of exposure to phthalates due to the widespread use of plasticized plastics, and one of the major concerns is occupational exposure. The present study investigated occupational exposure to phthalates at one of the greatest solid waste ... ...

    Abstract Humans are at risk of exposure to phthalates due to the widespread use of plasticized plastics, and one of the major concerns is occupational exposure. The present study investigated occupational exposure to phthalates at one of the greatest solid waste management sites in the second-largest country in the Middle East. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were assessed by human biomonitoring (HBM). The concentration of phthalate esters was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the daily intake (DI) of phthalate was calculated based on the adjusted urinary creatinine concentrations. Moreover, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. The highest concentration recorded was 130.80 µg/g creatinine for mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) among the composting group, while the lowest concentration was 0.49 µg/g creatinine for Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) among the office group. All estimates of daily intake were below the reference concentration, and differences between the DI at site sections were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The non-carcinogenic risk level was negligible. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values corresponding to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure were 2.07E-04 among the composting group and 2.07E-04 among the processing group, posing a definite risk. The carcinogenic risk value among the office group was in a possible risk category with ELCR values of 9.75 E-05. The on-site workers of waste management sites can be highly exposed to phthalates, and their health risk is considerable. Appropriate measures and interventions should be considered to reduce occupational exposure to phthalates.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Environmental Pollutants/urine ; Biological Monitoring ; Creatinine/urine ; Phthalic Acids/urine ; Risk Assessment
    Chemical Substances phthalic acid (6O7F7IX66E) ; Environmental Pollutants ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; Phthalic Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2001471-5
    ISSN 1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
    ISSN (online) 1879-2456
    ISSN 0956-053X
    DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.03.017
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  3. Article ; Online: Serum concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a 10-year follow-up historical cohort study.

    Ravanipour, Masoumeh / Nabipour, Iraj / Yunesian, Masud / Rastkari, Noushin / Mahvi, Amir Hossein

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8562

    Abstract: This study investigated the association between serum concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and the risk of type 2 diabetes within the general population. A ten-year follow-up historical cohort study was conducted during 2009-2019 as part of ...

    Abstract This study investigated the association between serum concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and the risk of type 2 diabetes within the general population. A ten-year follow-up historical cohort study was conducted during 2009-2019 as part of the Bushehr MONICA cohort study in Iran. Of 893 non-diabetes participants at base line, 181 individuals were included in the study. The concentration of nine PCB congeners was measured in individuals' serum samples at baseline, and the risk of type 2 diabetes was determined based on fasting blood sugar at the end of follow-up. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the study outcomes after adjusting for covariates. This study included 59 diabetes individuals (32.6%; mean [SD] age: 58.64 [8.05]) and 122 non-diabetes individuals (67.4%; mean [SD] age: 52.75 [8.68]). Multivariable analysis revealed that a one-tertile increase (increasing from 33rd centile to 67th centile) in Σ non-dioxin-like-PCBs (OR 2.749, 95% CI 1.066-7.089), Σ dioxin-like-PCBs (OR 4.842, 95% CI 1.911-12.269), and Σ PCBs (OR 2.887, 95% CI 1.120-7.441) significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The strongest association was obtained for dioxin-like PCBs. The results highlight a significant correlation between PCB exposure and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The evidence suggests that additional epidemiological studies are necessary to clarify the link between PCBs and diabetes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls ; Cohort Studies ; Dioxins ; Follow-Up Studies ; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
    Chemical Substances Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K) ; Dioxins ; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-59308-9
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  4. Article: Hemoglobin adducts as an important marker of chronic exposure to low concentration of 1, 3-butadiene.

    Ahmadkhaniha, Reza / Izadpanah, Faezeh / Rastkari, Noushin

    Journal of environmental health science & engineering

    2021  Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 1607–1611

    Abstract: Background: 1, 3-Butadiene is a famous industrial compound which occurs in gasoline and diesel exhaust and in cigarette smoke. Based on little evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals and humans, it was classified as a probable carcinogen. The ... ...

    Abstract Background: 1, 3-Butadiene is a famous industrial compound which occurs in gasoline and diesel exhaust and in cigarette smoke. Based on little evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals and humans, it was classified as a probable carcinogen. The potential of exposure to gasoline and diesel exhaust containing these chemical compounds is very considerable in urban areas. According to studies, in estimation of workers' chronic exposure with biological samples, analysis of the concentration of related hemoglobin adducts seems to give the most valid estimation of exposure.
    Methods: This study designed to determine the level of chronic exposure in gas station workers and traffic policemen during routine work shift, by an appropriate biological marker. In this regards, 25 gas station workers, 25 policemen engaged in traffic control, and 25 occupationally non-exposed persons were studied. Blood samples were obtained after the work shift from each person. The level of selected hemoglobin adduct, 1- and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl valine (MHBVal) was determined by using GC-MS after a modified Edman degradation and a further acetylation.
    Results: There were significant differences among the mean concentrations of MHBVal in blood samples of gas station workers, policemen and occupationally non-exposed persons. The mean airborne levels of 1, 3-Butadiene over 60 days, differed significantly among different studied groups (ANOVA:
    Conclusion: There was a significant difference in MHBVal concentrations between job categories (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2756287-6
    ISSN 2052-336X
    ISSN 2052-336X
    DOI 10.1007/s40201-021-00716-8
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  5. Article: Impact of smoking on oxidant/antioxidant status and oxidative stress index levels in serum of the university students.

    Ahmadkhaniha, Reza / Yousefian, Fatemeh / Rastkari, Noushin

    Journal of environmental health science & engineering

    2021  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 1043–1046

    Abstract: Background: Despite frequent warnings of irreversible side effects of smoking in public media, the consumption of cigarette is increasing dramatically in both developed and developing countries. Cigarette smoke contains different kinds of chemicals, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Despite frequent warnings of irreversible side effects of smoking in public media, the consumption of cigarette is increasing dramatically in both developed and developing countries. Cigarette smoke contains different kinds of chemicals, which all capable of inducing free radical production. There are studies supporting the idea that these free radicals have adverse effects in body and causing oxidative stress. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is considered as the total effect of all antioxidants and total oxidant status (TOS) shows the total effect of all oxidants existing in body fluids. Therefore, this research focused on the measurement and comparison of these markers in the serum of university students.
    Methods: This study designed to determine the total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index levels in the serum of active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers in university students. A total of 150 participants were included in the study. The study population consisted of 50 smokers, 50 passive smokers and 50 nonsmokers. In serum samples, the levels of TAC and TOS were measured by spectrophotometric method using Rel Assay Diagnostics kit. Oxidative stress index was calculated through the TOS/TAC formula in three groups.
    Results: The mean value TAC levels in serum samples of the three groups of smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers were 1.096, 1.220 and 1.844 mmol Trolox equivalent/L, respectively, which were significantly greater in nonsmokers than smokers and passive smokers. The mean value TOS levels in serum samples of the three groups of smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers were 13.747, 11.099 and 7.6510 µmol H2O2 equivalent/L, respectively, which were significantly lower in nonsmokers than two other groups. OSI values in smokers and passive smokers were significantly higher than the control group.
    Conclusions: According to our findings, the antioxidant capacity in all smokers (active and inactive) was less than the control group (non-smokers). The results of this study showed that smoking reduces the activity of the antioxidant defense system and activates the oxidative stress system in the body. Based on these findings, it can be clearly concluded that the decrease in antioxidant capacity in smokers is associated with increased production of oxidants and free radicals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2756287-6
    ISSN 2052-336X
    ISSN 2052-336X
    DOI 10.1007/s40201-021-00669-y
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  6. Article ; Online: Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in traditional breads consumed by people in Tehran city of Iran and the calculation of their daily intake

    Jahed Khaniki, Gholamreza / Ahmadi, Mehdi / Ahmadabadi, Maryam / Shariatifar, Nabi / Ahmadkhaniha, Reza / Rastkari, Noushin / Sadighara, Parisa

    International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2023 Sept. 02, v. 103, no. 11 p.2533-2541

    2023  

    Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are stable organic pollutants with proven carcinogenic properties. These substances produced as a result of incomplete burning of fossil fuels. Due to PAHs importance in people’s health, we decided to design a ... ...

    Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are stable organic pollutants with proven carcinogenic properties. These substances produced as a result of incomplete burning of fossil fuels. Due to PAHs importance in people’s health, we decided to design a study to measure the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different types of traditional bread produced in Tehran city and calculate their daily intake by consumers. Seventy-five samples of five types of bread including Lavash, Tafton, Sangak, and Barbary and bulk were randomly collected from bakeries in the city of Tehran to investigate the amount of PAHs. All extracted samples were measured by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The separation of PAHs performed based on a solid phase magnetic extraction (MSPE) method with carbon nanotubes prepared from bread samples and the extracted samples were measured by GC-MS. Our finding showed that the mean values of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAH) in the bread samples range from 0.2 to 8.7 μg kg-1. The maximum amount of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAH) was in Barbary bread with amount of 8.7 µg kg⁻¹ and the minimum value was in industrial bread (bulk) with 0.2 µgkg⁻¹. Also, the mean value ofPAHs content in Sangak, lavash, and bulk (industrial) bread was 2.25, 2.5 and 1.66 µg kg⁻¹, respectively. The highest and lowest mean value of aromatic hydrocarbon polycyclic compounds (PAHs) were obtained in barbaribread around 2.64 μg kg⁻¹ and 1.59 μg kg-1 in Taftoon, respectively. Also,the result of this study showed that the Daily intake of benzopyrene in bread by consumers was below international recommended levels. According to the results, long time and high-temperature baking, also the thickness of the bread, is the main contributor of high concentration of PAHs in the bread.
    Keywords analytical chemistry ; benzopyrenes ; breads ; carbon nanotubes ; carcinogenicity ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; magnetism ; people ; Iran ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; bread ; daily intake ; PAHs
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0902
    Size p. 2533-2541.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 120480-4
    ISSN 1029-0397 ; 0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
    ISSN (online) 1029-0397
    ISSN 0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
    DOI 10.1080/03067319.2021.1895135
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  7. Article: Exposure sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and health risk assessment: a systematic review in Iran

    Ravanipour, Masoumeh / Nabipour, Iraj / Yunesian, Masud / Rastkari, Noushin / Mahvi, Amir Hossein

    Environmental science and pollution research. 2022 Aug., v. 29, no. 37

    2022  

    Abstract: This systematic review aims to identify the sources of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), portioning, and human health risk assessment in Iran. The literature was searched in the international databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ... ...

    Abstract This systematic review aims to identify the sources of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), portioning, and human health risk assessment in Iran. The literature was searched in the international databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the national databases of SID and MagIran up to November 14, 2020. Among all 153 articles, 21 eligible papers were identified. Among them, only one article was related to drinking water, the rest was related to food and soil, and no article was found on ambient air. The corrected portion of each exposure source was determined to be 90% for food, 9% for water, and 1% for air. The total hazard quotient (HQ) was determined to be within an unsafe range, and the total excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was determined to be at a high risk of oral carcinogenesis. It is suggested that a comprehensive study be conducted in a specific period for all sources of exposure in all counties of Iran. Moreover, it is recommended that the policymakers set national standards for this pollutant in near future in some sources of exposure (e.g., drinking water) which have no standards in Iran.
    Keywords air ; carcinogenesis ; exposure pathways ; health effects assessments ; human health ; pollutants ; pollution ; polychlorinated biphenyls ; research ; risk ; soil ; systematic review ; Iran
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Size p. 55437-55456.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    Note Review
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-022-21274-y
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  8. Article ; Online: Health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via dietary intake of leafy vegetables

    Kalteh, Safa / Rastkari, Noushin / Shamsipour, Mansour / Alimohammadi, Mahmood / Yunesian, Masud

    International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2022 Dec. 28, v. 102, no. 18 p.6858-6873

    2022  

    Abstract: The 16 US-EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can reach to potentially hazardous levels in leafy vegetables as studies suggest. In this study, the 16 PAHs were quantified in samples of lettuce, cabbage, celery and spinach collected from ... ...

    Abstract The 16 US-EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can reach to potentially hazardous levels in leafy vegetables as studies suggest. In this study, the 16 PAHs were quantified in samples of lettuce, cabbage, celery and spinach collected from Tehran central fruit and vegetable market in summer and winter using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated the dominance of low molecular weight PAHs (LPAHs) in all vegetables. With respect to total mean concentration, the vegetables were ordered as follows: lettuce (51.61 µg/kg) > cabbage (28.13 µg/kg)> spinach (24.85 µg/kg) > celery (9.98 µg/kg). Isomeric ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested diesel and gasoline vehicles, petroleum and coke ovens as the sources of pollution. No statistically significant difference was found between summer and winter regarding the total mean concentrations of 16 PAHs in the vegetables. The estimated combined lifetime average daily dose (LADD) was 3.36E-6 (mg/kg/day) and the estimated excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) upper confidence limit (P95%), using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) in Oracle Crystal Ball software, was 3.88E-5, indicating low cancer risk. Assessment of target hazard quotient (HQ) showed no possible adverse health effect. Sensitivity analysis showed exposure duration, Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (BaPₑq) and body weight (BW) as the most influential parameters.
    Keywords Monte Carlo method ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; adverse effects ; analytical chemistry ; average daily intake ; body weight ; cabbage ; celery ; computer software ; exposure duration ; food intake ; fruits ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; gasoline ; health effects assessments ; lettuce ; markets ; molecular weight ; petroleum ; pollution ; principal component analysis ; risk ; spinach ; summer ; winter ; PAHs ; health risk assessment ; leafy vegetables ; Tehran
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1228
    Size p. 6858-6873.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 120480-4
    ISSN 1029-0397 ; 0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
    ISSN (online) 1029-0397
    ISSN 0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
    DOI 10.1080/03067319.2020.1817906
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  9. Article: Application of biological monitoring for exposure assessment of 1.3 Butadiene.

    Ahmadkhaniha, Reza / Ghoochani, Mahboobeh / Rastkari, Noushin

    Journal of environmental health science & engineering

    2020  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 1265–1269

    Abstract: Background: 1, 3-Butadiene is an important industrial compound. Based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals and humans, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in 1999, classified 1, 3-Butadiene as a probable ... ...

    Abstract Background: 1, 3-Butadiene is an important industrial compound. Based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals and humans, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in 1999, classified 1, 3-Butadiene as a probable carcinogen to humans (group 2A). The potential for exposure to vehicle exhaust containing these chemical compounds is very noticeable in urban locations. Exposure to incomplete combustion of gasoline has been a long time concern in many occupational fields, including policemen, service stations, and the petroleum industry but in Iran has rarely been studied.
    Methods: This study designed to determine the exposure levels for traffic policemen and gas station workers during routine work shift, by biological monitoring. With this aim, 25 policemen engaged in traffic control, 25 gas station workers and 25 occupationally non-exposed persons were investigated. Spot urine samples were obtained prior to and at the end of the work shift from each subject. The urinary levels of selected urinary metabolites (MHBMA and DHBMA) were determined by using LC-MS/MS.
    Results: There were significant differences among the mean urinary concentrations of DHBMA in pre-shift samples of policemen, gas station workers and occupationally non-exposed persons. The mean urinary concentrations of DHBMA differed significantly among post-shift samples of policemen and gas station (ANOVA: p < 0.05 and Kruskal-Wallis test: p < 0.05).
    Conclusions: There was a significant difference in DHBMA concentrations between job categories (p < 0.05 by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test), and policemen and gas station workers were found to be probably the most exposed groups in this study.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2756287-6
    ISSN 2052-336X
    ISSN 2052-336X
    DOI 10.1007/s40201-020-00544-2
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  10. Article ; Online: Exposure sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and health risk assessment: a systematic review in Iran.

    Ravanipour, Masoumeh / Nabipour, Iraj / Yunesian, Masud / Rastkari, Noushin / Mahvi, Amir Hossein

    Environmental science and pollution research international

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 37, Page(s) 55437–55456

    Abstract: This systematic review aims to identify the sources of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), portioning, and human health risk assessment in Iran. The literature was searched in the international databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ... ...

    Abstract This systematic review aims to identify the sources of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), portioning, and human health risk assessment in Iran. The literature was searched in the international databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the national databases of SID and MagIran up to November 14, 2020. Among all 153 articles, 21 eligible papers were identified. Among them, only one article was related to drinking water, the rest was related to food and soil, and no article was found on ambient air. The corrected portion of each exposure source was determined to be 90% for food, 9% for water, and 1% for air. The total hazard quotient (HQ) was determined to be within an unsafe range, and the total excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was determined to be at a high risk of oral carcinogenesis. It is suggested that a comprehensive study be conducted in a specific period for all sources of exposure in all counties of Iran. Moreover, it is recommended that the policymakers set national standards for this pollutant in near future in some sources of exposure (e.g., drinking water) which have no standards in Iran.
    MeSH term(s) Drinking Water ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Iran ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Soil
    Chemical Substances Drinking Water ; Soil ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-08
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-022-21274-y
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