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  1. Article ; Online: Commentary: EyeSmart EMR based analytics of big data: LEAD-Uveitis Report 1: Demographics and clinical features of uveitis in a multi-tier hospital based network in Southern India.

    Rathinam, S R

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2022  Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 1268–1269

    MeSH term(s) Demography ; Hospitals ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Uveitis/diagnosis ; Uveitis/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-24
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_591_22
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  2. Article ; Online: Heuristics and Learning Models for Dubins MinMax Traveling Salesman Problem.

    Nayak, Abhishek / Rathinam, Sivakumar

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 14

    Abstract: This paper addresses a MinMax variant of the Dubins multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP). This routing problem arises naturally in mission planning applications involving fixed-wing unmanned vehicles and ground robots. We first formulate the ... ...

    Abstract This paper addresses a MinMax variant of the Dubins multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP). This routing problem arises naturally in mission planning applications involving fixed-wing unmanned vehicles and ground robots. We first formulate the routing problem, referred to as the one-in-a-set Dubins mTSP problem (MD-GmTSP), as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). We then develop heuristic-based search methods for the MD-GmTSP using tour construction algorithms to generate initial feasible solutions relatively fast and then improve on these solutions using variants of the variable neighborhood search (VNS) metaheuristic. Finally, we also explore a graph neural network to implicitly learn policies for the MD-GmTSP using a learning-based approach; specifically, we employ an S-sample batch reinforcement learning method on a shared graph neural network architecture and distributed policy networks to solve the MD-GMTSP. All the proposed algorithms are implemented on modified TSPLIB instances, and the performance of all the proposed algorithms is corroborated. The results show that learning based approaches work well for smaller sized instances, while the VNS based heuristics find the best solutions for larger instances.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s23146432
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Road Descriptors for Fast Global Localization on Rural Roads Using OpenStreetMap.

    Ninan, Stephen / Rathinam, Sivakumar

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 18

    Abstract: Accurate pose estimation is a fundamental ability that all mobile robots must posses in order to navigate a given environment. Much like a human, this ability is dependent on the robot's understanding of a given scene. For autonomous vehicles (AVs), ... ...

    Abstract Accurate pose estimation is a fundamental ability that all mobile robots must posses in order to navigate a given environment. Much like a human, this ability is dependent on the robot's understanding of a given scene. For autonomous vehicles (AVs), detailed 3D maps created beforehand are widely used to augment the perceptive abilities and estimate pose based on current sensor measurements. This approach, however, is less suited for rural communities that are sparsely connected and cover large areas. Topological maps such as OpenStreetMap have proven to be a useful alternative in these situations. However, vehicle localization using these maps is non-trivial, particularly for the global localization task, where the map spans large areas. To deal with this challenge, we propose road descriptors along with an initialization technique for localization that allows for fast global pose estimation. We test our algorithms on (real world) maps and benchmark them against other map-based localization as well as SLAM algorithms. Our results show that the proposed method can narrow down the pose to within 50 cm of the ground truth significantly faster than the state-of-the-art methods.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s23187915
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  4. Article ; Online: Letter to the Editor - Overarching Forensic Conclusion Categories.

    Rathinam, Srini

    Journal of forensic sciences

    2019  Volume 64, Issue 2, Page(s) 658

    MeSH term(s) Decision Making ; Forensic Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 219216-0
    ISSN 1556-4029 ; 0022-1198
    ISSN (online) 1556-4029
    ISSN 0022-1198
    DOI 10.1111/1556-4029.13990
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  5. Article: Water-Soluble Quaternary and Protonable Basic Chitotriazolans: Synthesis by Click Chemistry Conversion of Chitosan Azides and Investigation of Antibacterial Activity.

    Rathinam, Sankar / Magdadaro, Romano / Hjálmarsdóttir, Martha Á / Másson, Már

    Journal of functional biomaterials

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 3

    Abstract: The azide transfer reaction and copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) can be used to convert the amino groups in chitosan to triazole 1,2,3-moieties. The resulting polymer has been named chitotriazolan. This synthesis was performed with ... ...

    Abstract The azide transfer reaction and copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) can be used to convert the amino groups in chitosan to triazole 1,2,3-moieties. The resulting polymer has been named chitotriazolan. This synthesis was performed with six different quaternary ammonium alkynes and three amine alkynes to obtain a series of nine water-soluble chitotriazolan derivatives. The structure and complete conversion of the azide were confirmed by FT-IR and proton NMR spectroscopy. The derivatives were investigated for antibacterial activity against
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2648525-4
    ISSN 2079-4983
    ISSN 2079-4983
    DOI 10.3390/jfb15030063
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  6. Article ; Online: Green HPLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Three Natural Antioxidants by Analytical Quality by Design.

    Jonnalagadda, Ramya / Rathinam, Seetharaman / Nagappan, Krishnaveni / Chandrasekar, Vinodhini

    Journal of AOAC International

    2023  Volume 107, Issue 1, Page(s) 14–21

    Abstract: Background: Glutathione, silybin, and curcumin are well-known potential antioxidants that are recommended as adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment.: Objective: Based on the principles of Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) and green analytical ... ...

    Abstract Background: Glutathione, silybin, and curcumin are well-known potential antioxidants that are recommended as adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment.
    Objective: Based on the principles of Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) and green analytical chemistry, a simple, robust, and environmentally benign HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of glutathione, silybin, and curcumin in bulk and formulation was performed.
    Method: Elution was achieved by an Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm id, 3.5 μm) column using a gradient mobile phase composed of ethanol-water pH 6.7 (with 0.1%, v/v orthophosphoric acid) and 1.07 mL/min flow rate with PDA detection at 215 nm. Critical method variables were identified by risk assessment using an Ishikawa diagram, and multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions for the HPLC technique was accomplished by central composite design using design of experiments (DoE) software.
    Results: The separation was achieved within 15 min, where the retention time of glutathione, silybin, and curcumin were 3.3, 4.9, and 7.3 min, respectively. The standard curve was linear in the range of 3.75-26.25 µg/mL for glutathione, 62.50-437.50 µg/mL for silybin, and 12.5-87.50 µg/mL for curcumin. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines Q2 (R1), and all the parameters are within specified limits.
    Conclusions: The proposed method is simple, precise, and robust, which can be employed for routine analysis and also concluded to be a greener approach according to AGREE, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and analytical eco-scale tools.
    Highlights: The chosen antioxidants were evaluated for the very first time simultaneously using the chromatographic technique in bulk and dosage forms employing green solvents. The peak purity of all three compounds was studied using a PDA detector. Wastage was reduced in terms of time, cost, and solvents by employing AQbD elements and tools. Complete application of environmentally sustainable safe solvents were employed.
    MeSH term(s) Antioxidants ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Curcumin ; Silybin ; Glutathione ; Solvents
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Curcumin (IT942ZTH98) ; Silybin (4RKY41TBTF) ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O) ; Solvents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1103149-9
    ISSN 1944-7922 ; 1060-3271
    ISSN (online) 1944-7922
    ISSN 1060-3271
    DOI 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad105
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  7. Article ; Online: Leptospiral uveitis- "Transition 'from epidemic to endemic form" difficulties in laboratory confirmations.

    Rathinam, S R / Kohila, G Jeya / Gowri, P Chidambaranathan / Balagiri, K S

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2023  Volume 71, Issue 8, Page(s) 3031–3038

    Abstract: Purpose: Leptospirosis is a waterborne zoonotic disease that primarily causes systemic illness, followed by uveitis. After heavy flooding in Madurai district, an epidemic outbreak of systemic and ocular leptospirosis occurred in 1994. Our data shows a ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Leptospirosis is a waterborne zoonotic disease that primarily causes systemic illness, followed by uveitis. After heavy flooding in Madurai district, an epidemic outbreak of systemic and ocular leptospirosis occurred in 1994. Our data shows a transition to endemicity after each epidemic.
    Aim: The aim of this study is to report the clinical signs, epidemic outbreaks, and persistent endemicity of leptospiral uveitis, as well as the diagnostic dilemmas associated with it.
    Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical signs was conducted using medical records of leptospiral uveitis patients over a period of 27 years (1994-2020) in a tertiary care eye hospital. The clinical workup of uveitis included a detailed clinical history, systemic, and ophthalmic examination. Microagglutination tests (MATs) was done at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta and later in our regional laboratory. Serum samples were collected from human systemic leptospirosis cases and a small group of animals in and around Madurai.
    Results: The first epidemic outbreak resulted in 200 seropositive patients. Subsequent epidemic outbreaks occurred in 1997, 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2012, with Madurai experiencing multiple outbreaks. However, the disease remained endemic, with 25-50 patients being observed per year in between the peaks. Ocular examination revealed acute non-granulomatous uveitis (94.9%), pan uveitis (59.8%), vitreous inflammatory reaction (55.4%), retinal vasculitis (29.5%), disc hyperemia (20.9%), and hypopyon. (16.2%). New serovars emerged every year, resulting in decreased sensitivity of the MAT. Over time, the MAT started to miss diagnoses.
    Conclusion: The persistent endemicity of leptospiral uveitis emphasizes the need for accessible diagnostic tests. The low performance of the MAT can be attributable to the use of an older panel. The incorporation of new isolates in the MAT by a national laboratory will improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; India/epidemiology ; Leptospirosis/diagnosis ; Leptospirosis/epidemiology ; Leptospirosis/complications ; Uveitis/diagnosis ; Uveitis/epidemiology ; Uveitis/complications ; Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis ; Eye Infections, Bacterial/epidemiology ; Eye Infections, Bacterial/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-02
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/IJO.IJO_61_23
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  8. Article ; Online: Vehicle Detection and Tracking Using Thermal Cameras in Adverse Visibility Conditions.

    Bhadoriya, Abhay Singh / Vegamoor, Vamsi / Rathinam, Sivakumar

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 12

    Abstract: Level 5 autonomy, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, requires the vehicle to function under all weather and visibility conditions. This sensing problem becomes significantly challenging in weather conditions that include events such as ... ...

    Abstract Level 5 autonomy, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, requires the vehicle to function under all weather and visibility conditions. This sensing problem becomes significantly challenging in weather conditions that include events such as sudden changes in lighting, smoke, fog, snow, and rain. No standalone sensor currently in the market can reliably perceive the environment in all conditions. While regular cameras, lidars, and radars will suffice for typical driving conditions, they may fail in some edge cases. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that the addition of Long Wave Infrared (LWIR)/thermal cameras to the sensor stack on a self-driving vehicle can help fill this sensory gap during adverse visibility conditions. In this paper, we trained a machine learning-based image detector on thermal image data and used it for vehicle detection. For vehicle tracking, Joint Probabilistic Data association and Multiple Hypothesis Tracking approaches were explored where the thermal camera information was fused with a front-facing radar. The algorithms were implemented using FLIR thermal cameras on a 2017 Lincoln MKZ operating in College Station, TX, USA. The performance of the tracking algorithm has also been validated in simulations using Unreal Engine.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Automobile Driving ; Humans ; Lighting ; Machine Learning ; Weather
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s22124567
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  9. Article ; Online: Joint pain liniments and gum lotion in the eye - A consecutive case series of mistaken identity.

    Jayaprakash, Anju Ajitha / Aswin, P R / Rathinam, S R

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2022  Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 1159–1162

    Abstract: Purpose: Patient safety errors can arise due to similarity in packaging of medications. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients presenting with accidental application of joint pain liniments and gum lotion in the eye due to confusion ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Patient safety errors can arise due to similarity in packaging of medications. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients presenting with accidental application of joint pain liniments and gum lotion in the eye due to confusion arising from similarity in packaging.
    Methods: This was a retrospective case series with eight consecutive patients presenting from December 2020 to August 2021 with history of accidental application of joint pain liniments or gum lotion in the eye instead of eye drops. All patients underwent visual acuity assessment and slit-lamp examination with fluorescein staining of the cornea to look for corneal involvement and was reassessed till complete resolution.
    Results: Of the eight patients, three were males and five were females. Seven had accidentally applied joint pain liniment, while one had applied gum lotion into the eye. Five of them had corneal involvement ranging from punctate erosions to near-total epithelial defects. Two patients needed referral to a tertiary center and hospital admission. Treatment duration ranged from 2 days to 1 month. Two patients were lost to follow-up.
    Conclusion: This study highlights patient safety errors arising from confusion of medication due to similar labeling and packaging of different drugs. While there was no permanent morbidity, such confusions lead to needless discomfort and waste of time, money, and effort for the patient as well as the health-care system.
    MeSH term(s) Arthralgia ; Drug Packaging ; Female ; Humans ; Liniments ; Male ; Medication Errors ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Liniments
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-24
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2328_21
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  10. Article ; Online: Corneal melt in leptospirosis.

    Rathinam, S R / Chidambaranathan, Gowri Priya

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2020  Volume 68, Issue 9, Page(s) 1970

    MeSH term(s) Corneal Diseases ; Corneal Ulcer ; Humans ; Leptospirosis/complications ; Leptospirosis/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-04
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_545_20
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